one's personal level of confidence, enthusiasm, and emotional well-being, especially in the context of facing challenges or adversity

士气, 精神

the act of inflicting physical punishment as a means of discipline or correction

惩罚, 责罚

a person who habitually expresses negative or pessimistic views, especially in opposition to new ideas or proposals

反对者, 悲观者

the way in which something is perceived or received by others, often referring to the response or reaction to an idea, message, or product

接待, 反响

someone who acts against popular opinion, particularly in investment markets

反向投资者, 对立者

a pre-established opinion that is formed before obtaining proper knowledge or experience

成见, 先入之见

an opinion or feeling that one has about someone or something, particularly one formed unconsciously

印象, 感觉

a person who criticizes or belittles the value or importance of someone or something

贬低者, 批评者

showing or giving advantage, favor, or priority to someone or something over others

优先的, 优惠的

not favoring a particular party in a way that enables one to act or decide fairly

公正的, 中立的

to draw a logical inference or outcome based on established premises or evidence

得出结论, 推断

