Phrasal verbs can be divided into two groups. One group consists of verbs that express an idiomatic meaning when used with a specific particle, while the other consists of verbs that are always used with a particular particle.

These phrasal verbs consist of a combination of main verbs and particles that convey an idiomatic meaning. This means the meaning of the phrasal verb is not equal to the sum of the meanings of the verb and the particle(s) that form it. Many phrasal verbs have two or three or even more meanings. For example 'show up' can have three meanings according to Oxford Learner's Dictionary:

Some verbs are always used with a fixed particle. In other words, they are neither used on their own, nor ever used with a different particle. This group is more limited in number. Examples include:

Idiomatic phrasal verbs are commonly used in informal contexts, which is why many of them have a single-word verb equivalent. For example, 'show up' can be substituted with 'arrive', and 'run out' can be substituted with 'finish'.
Although they usually have single-word equivalents, that does not mean they can be used in the same contexts interchangeably. We cannot replace a phrasal verb with its one-word equivalent all the time.

There are five types of phrasal verbs based on their separability:

Intransitive phrasal verbs do not need an object to have a complete meaning.

Transitive phrasal verbs must have an object. Otherwise, their meaning cannot be complete.
With separable phrasal verbs, you can put the object either between the verb and the particle, or after the particle. Its meaning will be the same.

But if the object is an object pronoun like 'it', 'me' or 'them', you cannot put the object after the particle. It must be put between the verb and the particle.

Inseparable phrasal verbs are transitive, but you cannot insert the direct object in the middle of the phrasal verb. In other words, the main verb and the particle cannot be separated.

Some transitive phrasal verbs are always separate, meaning their object cannot come after the particle, even if it is a noun phrase, because it might cause ambiguity in meaning.

There is a type of phrasal verb that has more than one particle, such as 'come up with'. With these phrasal verbs, you cannot generally separate the particles. So we say 'come up with something' and not, 'come up something with'.