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SAT Natural Sciences - Geography and Oceanography

Here you will learn some English words related to geography and oceanography, such as "alpine", "glacier", "boreal", etc. that you will need to ace your SATs.

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SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences

a person who studies the Earth's landscapes, climates, populations, and their relationships to human activities and the environment

Ex: Universities often geographers to teach courses on topics such as climate change and sustainability .
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a scientist who studies and predicts weather conditions by analyzing atmospheric patterns, utilizing tools such as weather models, instruments, and data to provide forecasts and weather-related information

Ex: She became meteorologist because she loves studying the weather .
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one of the two halves of the Earth, separated by the equator or a meridian

Ex: The Earthhemispheres have different weather patterns due to their locations .
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the atmospheric layer above the troposphere, where temperature generally increases with altitude and the ozone layer is situated

Ex: stratosphere is vital for preserving life on Earth by shielding the planet from harmful solar radiation .
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the extensive removal of forests, typically causing environmental damage

Ex: Activists are protesting against companies responsible for deforestation.
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topographical
[Adjective]

related to the detailed mapping or description of the physical features and landscape of a particular area

Ex: Topographical changes caused by erosion and sedimentation can alter the landscape over time .
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latitude
[noun]

the distance of a point north or south of the equator that is measured in degrees

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subterranean
[Adjective]

situated, occurring, or existing beneath the surface of the earth

Ex: She explores subterranean caves to study geological formations .
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boreal
[Adjective]

related to regions or climates located in the northern latitudes of the Earth, characterized by cold temperatures and typically dominated by coniferous forests

Ex: Researchers study boreal environment to understand its role in global climate regulation and carbon storage .
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landmass
[noun]

a large, unbroken expanse of land, like a continent or a big island, standing out from smaller land features

Ex: Australia is a landmass with flora and fauna found nowhere else on the planet .
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circumpolar
[Adjective]

related to areas or phenomena located around the poles of the Earth, particularly within the Arctic and Antarctic circles

Ex: Researchers are monitoring the effects of climate change on circumpolar permafrost, which is beginning to thaw at unprecedented rates.
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glacier
[noun]

a large mass of ice that forms over long periods of time, especially in polar regions or high mountains

Ex: The farm uses renewable energy to power its operations.
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aquifer
[noun]

a layer of rock or sediment that stores and transmits groundwater

Ex: Pollution can contaminate aquifer, affecting water quality .
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geodetic
[Adjective]

related to the science of measuring and understanding the Earth's shape, size, gravitational field, and the precise locations of points on its surface

Ex: geodetic observatory conducts research to refine models of the Earth 's shape and gravitational field , contributing to our understanding of planetary dynamics .
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overseas
[Adverb]

across the ocean or sea, referring to travel or transport to foreign countries or distant lands

Ex: Environmental policies overseas often influence local conservation efforts due to shared oceanic resources .
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alpine
[Adjective]

related to the Alps mountain range and the people who live there

Ex: Alpine wildlife, such as ibex and marmots, thrive in the high-altitude habitats of the Alps.
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outback
[noun]

remote and sparsely populated inland regions of Australia, typically characterized by arid landscapes and minimal human habitation

Ex: Cyclones occasionally impact the coastal regions adjacent to outback, influencing weather patterns across the continent .
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highlands
[noun]

the elevated regions or mountainous areas that are higher than the surrounding terrain, often characterized by cooler temperatures and diverse ecosystems

Ex: Tourists visit highlands of Vietnam to experience the breathtaking scenery and traditional hill tribe cultures .
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atmospheric
[Adjective]

having a connection to or originating in the Earth's atmosphere

Ex: Atmospheric pollution from factories and vehicles contributes to air quality issues in urban areas .
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a period of intense air pollution characterized by high levels of a mixture of pollutants

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landfill
[noun]

a piece of land under which waste material is buried

Ex: Many communities are working to reduce the amount of waste sent to landfill.
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a scientist specializing in the study of oceans, focusing on their physical properties, marine life, ecosystems, and interactions with the atmosphere and land

Ex: The career of oceanographer often involves fieldwork , laboratory analysis , and data modeling to uncover oceanic mysteries .
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epipelagic
[Adjective]

relating to the upper layer of the oceanic zone, extending from the surface to a depth of about 200 meters

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mesopelagic
[Adjective]

relating to the middle layer of the oceanic zone, extending from a depth of about 200 meters to about 1000 meters

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bathypelagic
[Adjective]

relating to the deep layer of the oceanic zone, extending from a depth of about 1000 meters to about 4000 meters below the surface

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reservoir
[noun]

a lake, either natural or artificial, from which water is supplied to houses

Ex: Environmentalists monitor reservoir's water quality to ensure it meets health standards for both wildlife and human consumption .
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riparian
[Adjective]

related to areas or ecosystems situated along the banks of rivers, streams, or other water bodies

Ex: Riparian regulations aim to protect these sensitive areas from development and ensure sustainable management of water resources .
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the vertical column of water in a body of water, such as an ocean, sea, lake, or river, extending from the surface to the bottom

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seaboard
[noun]

the coastal regions or areas adjacent to the sea or ocean, often characterized by economic activities such as shipping, fishing, and tourism

Ex: The cities along the seaboard of the United States are major centers of commerce and culture .
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intertidal
[Adjective]

related to the zone between the high and low tide marks on the shore, where marine organisms are adapted to alternating periods of exposure to air and water

Ex: Conservation efforts focus on intertidal habitats as crucial nurseries for marine species .
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a monitoring station located along a coastline or in a body of water that measures and records tidal data

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aphotic
[Adjective]

related to ocean zones where no sunlight penetrates, typically below 200 meters deep, supporting organisms adapted to darkness

Ex: Marine biologists study the food web dynamics in aphotic zone , where organisms rely on detritus and other organic matter for energy .
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