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自然科学 SAT - 地理と海洋学

ここでは、SAT で合格するために必要な「高山」、「氷河」、「北方」など、地理と海洋に関連するいくつかの英単語を学びます。

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SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
geographer
[名詞]

a person who studies the Earth's landscapes, climates, populations, and their relationships to human activities and the environment

地理学者, 地理専門家

地理学者, 地理専門家

a scientist who studies and predicts weather conditions by analyzing atmospheric patterns, utilizing tools such as weather models, instruments, and data to provide forecasts and weather-related information

気象学者, 気象予報士

気象学者, 気象予報士

hemisphere
[名詞]

one of the two halves of the Earth, separated by the equator or a meridian

半球(はんきゅう), ヘミスフィア

半球(はんきゅう), ヘミスフィア

stratosphere
[名詞]

the atmospheric layer above the troposphere, where temperature generally increases with altitude and the ozone layer is situated

成層圏(せいそうけん), ストラトスフィア

成層圏(せいそうけん), ストラトスフィア

the extensive removal of forests, typically causing environmental damage

森林伐採, 森林破壊

森林伐採, 森林破壊

topographical
[形容詞]

related to the detailed mapping or description of the physical features and landscape of a particular area

地形の, 地形学的な

地形の, 地形学的な

latitude
[名詞]

the distance of a point north or south of the equator that is measured in degrees

緯度, いど

緯度, いど

subterranean
[形容詞]

situated, occurring, or existing beneath the surface of the earth

地下の, 地中の

地下の, 地中の

boreal
[形容詞]

related to regions or climates located in the northern latitudes of the Earth, characterized by cold temperatures and typically dominated by coniferous forests

北方の, 寒帯の

北方の, 寒帯の

landmass
[名詞]

a large, unbroken expanse of land, like a continent or a big island, standing out from smaller land features

大陸, 土塊

大陸, 土塊

circumpolar
[形容詞]

related to areas or phenomena located around the poles of the Earth, particularly within the Arctic and Antarctic circles

極周辺の, 周極の

極周辺の, 周極の

glacier
[名詞]

a large mass of ice that forms over long periods of time, especially in polar regions or high mountains

氷河, グレーシャー

氷河, グレーシャー

aquifer
[名詞]

a layer of rock or sediment that stores and transmits groundwater

地下水層 (ちかすいそう), 帯水層 (たいすいそう)

地下水層 (ちかすいそう), 帯水層 (たいすいそう)

Ex: Pollution can contaminate aquifer, affecting water quality .
geodetic
[形容詞]

related to the science of measuring and understanding the Earth's shape, size, gravitational field, and the precise locations of points on its surface

測地的な, 地球測量の

測地的な, 地球測量の

overseas
[副詞]

across the ocean or sea, referring to travel or transport to foreign countries or distant lands

海外で, 海を越えて

海外で, 海を越えて

alpine
[形容詞]

related to the Alps mountain range and the people who live there

アルプスの, アルパインの

アルプスの, アルパインの

outback
[名詞]

remote and sparsely populated inland regions of Australia, typically characterized by arid landscapes and minimal human habitation

アウトバック, 内陸部

アウトバック, 内陸部

Ex: Cyclones occasionally impact the coastal regions adjacent to outback, influencing weather patterns across the continent .
highlands
[名詞]

the elevated regions or mountainous areas that are higher than the surrounding terrain, often characterized by cooler temperatures and diverse ecosystems

高地(こうち), 高原(こうげん)

高地(こうち), 高原(こうげん)

atmospheric
[形容詞]

having a connection to or originating in the Earth's atmosphere

大気の, 大気的な

大気の, 大気的な

smog event
[名詞]

a period of intense air pollution characterized by high levels of a mixture of pollutants

スモッグイベント, スモッグ発生

スモッグイベント, スモッグ発生

landfill
[名詞]

a piece of land under which waste material is buried

埋立地, ゴミ処分場

埋立地, ゴミ処分場

a scientist specializing in the study of oceans, focusing on their physical properties, marine life, ecosystems, and interactions with the atmosphere and land

海洋学者, 海洋研究者

海洋学者, 海洋研究者

epipelagic
[形容詞]

relating to the upper layer of the oceanic zone, extending from the surface to a depth of about 200 meters

表層の, 上層の

表層の, 上層の

mesopelagic
[形容詞]

relating to the middle layer of the oceanic zone, extending from a depth of about 200 meters to about 1000 meters

中層性の, 中深度の

中層性の, 中深度の

bathypelagic
[形容詞]

relating to the deep layer of the oceanic zone, extending from a depth of about 1000 meters to about 4000 meters below the surface

深海性の, バチペラジックの

深海性の, バチペラジックの

reservoir
[名詞]

a lake, either natural or artificial, from which water is supplied to houses

貯水池(ちょすいち), ダム(水源)

貯水池(ちょすいち), ダム(水源)

Ex: Environmentalists monitor reservoir's water quality to ensure it meets health standards for both wildlife and human consumption .
riparian
[形容詞]

related to areas or ecosystems situated along the banks of rivers, streams, or other water bodies

河畔の, 水辺の

河畔の, 水辺の

water column
[名詞]

the vertical column of water in a body of water, such as an ocean, sea, lake, or river, extending from the surface to the bottom

水柱(みずばしら), 水柱(すいちゅう)

水柱(みずばしら), 水柱(すいちゅう)

seaboard
[名詞]

the coastal regions or areas adjacent to the sea or ocean, often characterized by economic activities such as shipping, fishing, and tourism

海岸地域, 沿岸部

海岸地域, 沿岸部

intertidal
[形容詞]

related to the zone between the high and low tide marks on the shore, where marine organisms are adapted to alternating periods of exposure to air and water

潮間帯の, 干満帯の

潮間帯の, 干満帯の

a monitoring station located along a coastline or in a body of water that measures and records tidal data

潮汐観測所, 潮流観測所

潮汐観測所, 潮流観測所

aphotic
[形容詞]

related to ocean zones where no sunlight penetrates, typically below 200 meters deep, supporting organisms adapted to darkness

無光層の, 暗黒の

無光層の, 暗黒の

Ex: Marine biologists study the food web dynamics in aphotic zone , where organisms rely on detritus and other organic matter for energy .
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