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العلوم الطبيعية SAT - الجغرافيا وعلم المحيطات

ستتعلم هنا بعض الكلمات الإنجليزية المتعلقة بالجغرافيا وعلم المحيطات، مثل "alpine"، و"glacier"، و"boreal"، وما إلى ذلك، والتي سوف تحتاجها للتفوق في اختبارات SAT الخاصة بك.

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SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
geographer
[اسم]

a person who studies the Earth's landscapes, climates, populations, and their relationships to human activities and the environment

جغرافي, عالم جغرافيا

جغرافي, عالم جغرافيا

Ex: Universities often geographers to teach courses on topics such as climate change and sustainability .

a scientist who studies and predicts weather conditions by analyzing atmospheric patterns, utilizing tools such as weather models, instruments, and data to provide forecasts and weather-related information

عالم الأرصاد الجوية, مُتَنبّئ جوي

عالم الأرصاد الجوية, مُتَنبّئ جوي

Ex: She became meteorologist because she loves studying the weather .
hemisphere
[اسم]

one of the two halves of the Earth, separated by the equator or a meridian

نصف الكرة الشمالي, نصف الكرة الجنوبي

نصف الكرة الشمالي, نصف الكرة الجنوبي

Ex: The Earthhemispheres have different weather patterns due to their locations .
stratosphere
[اسم]

the atmospheric layer above the troposphere, where temperature generally increases with altitude and the ozone layer is situated

الستراتوسفير, الطبقة الستراتوسفيرية

الستراتوسفير, الطبقة الستراتوسفيرية

Ex: stratosphere is vital for preserving life on Earth by shielding the planet from harmful solar radiation .

the extensive removal of forests, typically causing environmental damage

إزالة الغابات, تجريف الغابات

إزالة الغابات, تجريف الغابات

Ex: Activists are protesting against companies responsible for deforestation.

related to the detailed mapping or description of the physical features and landscape of a particular area

طبوغرافي, جيولوجي

طبوغرافي, جيولوجي

Ex: Topographical changes caused by erosion and sedimentation can alter the landscape over time .
latitude
[اسم]

the distance of a point north or south of the equator that is measured in degrees

خط العرض, عرض جغرافي

خط العرض, عرض جغرافي

subterranean
[صفة]

situated, occurring, or existing beneath the surface of the earth

تحت الأرض, تحت السطح

تحت الأرض, تحت السطح

Ex: She explores subterranean caves to study geological formations .
boreal
[صفة]

related to regions or climates located in the northern latitudes of the Earth, characterized by cold temperatures and typically dominated by coniferous forests

شمالي, بُعد الشمال

شمالي, بُعد الشمال

Ex: Researchers study boreal environment to understand its role in global climate regulation and carbon storage .
landmass
[اسم]

a large, unbroken expanse of land, like a continent or a big island, standing out from smaller land features

كتلة أرضية, مساحة أرضية كبيرة

كتلة أرضية, مساحة أرضية كبيرة

Ex: Australia is a landmass with flora and fauna found nowhere else on the planet .
circumpolar
[صفة]

related to areas or phenomena located around the poles of the Earth, particularly within the Arctic and Antarctic circles

محيط القطبي, حول القطبين

محيط القطبي, حول القطبين

Ex: Researchers are monitoring the effects of climate change on circumpolar permafrost, which is beginning to thaw at unprecedented rates.
glacier
[اسم]

a large mass of ice that forms over long periods of time, especially in polar regions or high mountains

كتلة جليدية, نهر جليدي

كتلة جليدية, نهر جليدي

Ex: The farm uses renewable energy to power its operations.
aquifer
[اسم]

a layer of rock or sediment that stores and transmits groundwater

خزان مائي, طبقة مائية

خزان مائي, طبقة مائية

Ex: Pollution can contaminate aquifer, affecting water quality .
geodetic
[صفة]

related to the science of measuring and understanding the Earth's shape, size, gravitational field, and the precise locations of points on its surface

جيوإديسي, جيوديسية

جيوإديسي, جيوديسية

Ex: geodetic observatory conducts research to refine models of the Earth 's shape and gravitational field , contributing to our understanding of planetary dynamics .
overseas
[ظرف]

across the ocean or sea, referring to travel or transport to foreign countries or distant lands

في الخارج, خارج البلاد

في الخارج, خارج البلاد

Ex: Environmental policies overseas often influence local conservation efforts due to shared oceanic resources .
alpine
[صفة]

related to the Alps mountain range and the people who live there

جبلي, ألبيني

جبلي, ألبيني

Ex: Alpine wildlife, such as ibex and marmots, thrive in the high-altitude habitats of the Alps.
outback
[اسم]

remote and sparsely populated inland regions of Australia, typically characterized by arid landscapes and minimal human habitation

البر الغربي, الداخل الأسترالي

البر الغربي, الداخل الأسترالي

Ex: Cyclones occasionally impact the coastal regions adjacent to outback, influencing weather patterns across the continent .
highlands
[اسم]

the elevated regions or mountainous areas that are higher than the surrounding terrain, often characterized by cooler temperatures and diverse ecosystems

المرتفعات, الجبال العالية

المرتفعات, الجبال العالية

Ex: Tourists visit highlands of Vietnam to experience the breathtaking scenery and traditional hill tribe cultures .
atmospheric
[صفة]

having a connection to or originating in the Earth's atmosphere

جوي, غلاف جوي

جوي, غلاف جوي

Ex: Atmospheric pollution from factories and vehicles contributes to air quality issues in urban areas .
smog event
[اسم]

a period of intense air pollution characterized by high levels of a mixture of pollutants

حدث ضباب الدخان, حادثة الضباب المدخن

حدث ضباب الدخان, حادثة الضباب المدخن

landfill
[اسم]

a piece of land under which waste material is buried

مكب النفايات, مكب

مكب النفايات, مكب

Ex: Many communities are working to reduce the amount of waste sent to landfill.

a scientist specializing in the study of oceans, focusing on their physical properties, marine life, ecosystems, and interactions with the atmosphere and land

عالم المحيطات, باحث في المحيطات

عالم المحيطات, باحث في المحيطات

Ex: The career of oceanographer often involves fieldwork , laboratory analysis , and data modeling to uncover oceanic mysteries .
epipelagic
[صفة]

relating to the upper layer of the oceanic zone, extending from the surface to a depth of about 200 meters

إيبيبالاجي, سطحي

إيبيبالاجي, سطحي

mesopelagic
[صفة]

relating to the middle layer of the oceanic zone, extending from a depth of about 200 meters to about 1000 meters

مياه متوسطة العمق, ميسوبلاجي

مياه متوسطة العمق, ميسوبلاجي

bathypelagic
[صفة]

relating to the deep layer of the oceanic zone, extending from a depth of about 1000 meters to about 4000 meters below the surface

أعمق محيطي, باثيبيلاجي

أعمق محيطي, باثيبيلاجي

reservoir
[اسم]

a lake, either natural or artificial, from which water is supplied to houses

خزان مياه, Reservoir (الذي يعني بحيرة للتخزين)

خزان مياه, Reservoir (الذي يعني بحيرة للتخزين)

Ex: Environmentalists monitor reservoir's water quality to ensure it meets health standards for both wildlife and human consumption .
riparian
[صفة]

related to areas or ecosystems situated along the banks of rivers, streams, or other water bodies

نُهْرِيّ, محاذي للماء

نُهْرِيّ, محاذي للماء

Ex: Riparian regulations aim to protect these sensitive areas from development and ensure sustainable management of water resources .
water column
[اسم]

the vertical column of water in a body of water, such as an ocean, sea, lake, or river, extending from the surface to the bottom

عمود الماء, عمود مائي

عمود الماء, عمود مائي

seaboard
[اسم]

the coastal regions or areas adjacent to the sea or ocean, often characterized by economic activities such as shipping, fishing, and tourism

الساحل, الواجهة البحرية

الساحل, الواجهة البحرية

Ex: The cities along the seaboard of the United States are major centers of commerce and culture .
intertidal
[صفة]

related to the zone between the high and low tide marks on the shore, where marine organisms are adapted to alternating periods of exposure to air and water

مُعَدَّل المَدِّ والجَزْر, منطقة المد والجزر

مُعَدَّل المَدِّ والجَزْر, منطقة المد والجزر

Ex: Conservation efforts focus on intertidal habitats as crucial nurseries for marine species .

a monitoring station located along a coastline or in a body of water that measures and records tidal data

محطة المد والجزر, محطة قياس المد

محطة المد والجزر, محطة قياس المد

aphotic
[صفة]

related to ocean zones where no sunlight penetrates, typically below 200 meters deep, supporting organisms adapted to darkness

ظلامي, مظلم

ظلامي, مظلم

Ex: Marine biologists study the food web dynamics in aphotic zone , where organisms rely on detritus and other organic matter for energy .
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