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Cambridge English: FCE (B2 First) - Human Impact, Resources & Sustainability

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Cambridge English: FCE (B2 First)
to cut down

to cut through something at its base in order to make it fall

Ex: Clearing the backyard required cutting down overgrown bushes and shrubs with a sharp implement.
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fossil fuel

a fuel that is found in nature and obtained from the remains of plants and animals that died millions of years ago, such as coal and gas

Ex: Many cars still rely on fossil fuels like gasoline .
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pollution
pollution
[noun]

a change in water, air, etc. that makes it harmful or dangerous

Ex: The pollution caused by plastic waste is a growing environmental crisis .
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rubbish
rubbish
[noun]

unwanted, worthless, and unneeded things that people throw away

Ex: The council has implemented new bins for rubbish to encourage proper waste disposal in the community .
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global warming

the increase in the average temperature of the Earth as a result of the greenhouse effect

Ex: Global warming threatens ecosystems and wildlife .
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to recycle

to make a waste product usable again

Ex: Electronic waste can be recycled to recover valuable materials and reduce electronic waste pollution .
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litter
litter
[noun]

waste such as bottles, papers, etc. that people throw on a sidewalk, park, or other public place

Ex: The city fined him for throwing litter out of his car window .
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carbon footprint

the amount of carbon dioxide that an organization or person releases into the atmosphere

Ex: The company is working to reduce its carbon footprint by switching to renewable energy .
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extinction

a situation in which a particular animal or plant no longer exists

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greenhouse effect

a global problem that is caused by the increase of harmful gases such as carbon dioxide which results in gradual warming of the earth

Ex: The greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon vital for sustaining life on Earth , but the enhanced greenhouse effect caused by human activities has accelerated climate change and its associated impacts .
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greenhouse gas

any type of gas, particularly carbon dioxide, that contributes to global warming by trapping heat

Ex: Policies aim to reduce the production of greenhouse gases globally .
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fume
fume
[noun]

smoke or gas that has a sharp smell or is harmful if inhaled

Ex: Workers were advised to wear masks to avoid inhaling harmful fumes in the laboratory.
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overpopulation

a situation where the number of people living in a particular area is more than the capacity of the environment to support them

Ex: In some countries , overpopulation is causing serious ecological imbalances .
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climate change

a permanent change in global or regional climate patterns, including temperature, wind, and rainfall

Ex: The effects of climate change are evident in our changing weather patterns .
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emission
emission
[noun]

a substance that is emitted or released

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deforestation

the extensive removal of forests, typically causing environmental damage

Ex: Activists are protesting against companies responsible for massive deforestation.
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toxic waste

a type of waste that contains harmful chemicals that can cause serious health and environmental problems if not properly handled and disposed of

Ex: The community protested against the construction of a toxic waste disposal facility nearby .
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solar energy

power that is obtained from the sun in the form of electrical energy

Ex: Many countries are investing in solar energy to reduce reliance on fossil fuels .
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solar panel

a piece of equipment, usually placed on a roof, that absorbs the energy of sun and uses it to produce electricity or heat

Ex: They installed solar panels on the roof to make the building more energy-efficient .
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nuclear energy

powerful energy that is produced when the core of an atom is splitted

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organic
organic
[Adjective]

(of food or farming techniques) produced or done without any artificial or chemical substances

Ex: The store has a wide selection of organic snacks and beverages .
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green energy

energy that is produced using renewable, environmentally friendly sources, such as wind, solar, or hydroelectric power

Ex: Hydropower is a reliable and efficient type of green energy.
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reforestation

the process of replanting trees in an area where forest cover has been depleted or removed, aiming to restore or create a forest ecosystem

Ex: Reforestation efforts along riverbanks help prevent soil erosion and maintain water quality .
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