كتاب Total English - متوسط - الوحدة 8 - الدرس 1

in opposition to someone or something

ضد

a country's rules that all of its citizens are required to obey

قانون

(law) the procedure of formally asking a higher court to dismiss and reverse the decision made by a lower court

prohibited or not allowed by law, rule, or authority

محظور

(of law enforcement agencies) to take a person away because they believe that they have done something illegal

توقيف

to fail to obey the law

انتهاك

to deal with a given situation, especially an unpleasant one

يواجه

an amount of money that must be paid as a legal punishment

غرامة

forbidden by the law

غير قانوني

having little importance, effect, or seriousness, particularly when compared to other similar things

ثانوي

a structure that has walls, a roof, and sometimes many levels, like an apartment, house, school, etc.

مبنى

the act or process of making or building a house, bridge, machine, etc.

بناء

to make a hole or opening in something using a rotating tool

ثقب

the toxic gases and particles that are released from the exhaust system of a vehicle and other sources

أبخرة العادم

a period of hot weather, usually hotter and longer than before

موجة حارة

a device placed inside of a vehicle that makes an alarming and loud sound, used to give a warning or signal to others

بوق

to cause a horn, particularly of a vehicle, to make a loud noise

يُزَمّر

a wide path made for cars, buses, etc. to travel along

طريق

a time of day at which traffic is the heaviest because people are leaving for work or home

ساعة الذروة

in a way that is very bad or unpleasant

بشكل رهيب

a very tall building that is divided into several apartments or offices

برج سكني

a large number of bikes, cars, buses, etc. that are waiting in lines behind each other which move very slowly

اختناق مروري

a state of being overcrowded or blocked, particularly in a street or road

ازدحام

a change in water, air, etc. that makes it harmful or dangerous

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