pattern

Tělo - Muskuloskeletální systém

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s pohybovým aparátem, jako je „ligament“, „hamstring“ a „coccyx“.

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Words Related to Body
bone
[Podstatné jméno]

any of the hard pieces making up the skeleton in humans and some animals

kost, kosti

kost, kosti

Ex: The surgeon performed a bone graft to repair the bone.
joint
[Podstatné jméno]

a place in the body where two bones meet, enabling one of them to bend or move around

kloub, článek

kloub, článek

Ex: He underwent surgery to repair a joint in his thumb , restoring functionality and relieving pain .
cartilage
[Podstatné jméno]

an elastic tissue that supports or connects joints in an infant and turns into skeleton during growth

chrupavka, chrupavčitá tkáň

chrupavka, chrupavčitá tkáň

Ex: Chondrocytes are cells responsible for producing and cartilage.
cartilage bone
[Podstatné jméno]

a transformed cartilaginous structure that has undergone ossification

chrupavčitá kost, kost chrupavčitého původu

chrupavčitá kost, kost chrupavčitého původu

ligament
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) a strong band of tissue which connects two bones or cartilages or keeps organs in place

ligament, vaz

ligament, vaz

bursa
[Podstatné jméno]

a fluid-filled sac that reduces friction between tissues such as bones, tendons, and muscles

burza, bursa

burza, bursa

axial skeleton
[Podstatné jméno]

the central part of the skeleton that includes the skull, vertebral column, and ribcage

osový skelet, axiální skelet

osový skelet, axiální skelet

axial muscle
[Podstatné jméno]

a single muscle that is located along the central axis of the body, including the head, neck, and trunk

axiální sval, osový sval

axiální sval, osový sval

Achilles tendon
[Podstatné jméno]

a tendon in the leg that attaches the muscles of the calf to the bone of the heel

Achillova šlacha, Achillesova šlacha

Achillova šlacha, Achillesova šlacha

Ex: Stretching and strengthening exercises can help prevent injuries to Achilles tendon by improving flexibility and resilience .
tendon
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) an elastic cord or band that connects a muscle to a bone

šlacha, tendin

šlacha, tendin

Ex: Tendons are composed primarily of collagen fibers .
skull
[Podstatné jméno]

the bony structure that surrounds and provides protection for a person's or animal's brain

lebka, skull

lebka, skull

Ex: skull protects the brain , one of the most vital organs in the body .
muscle
[Podstatné jméno]

a piece of body tissue that is made tight or relaxed when we want to move a particular part of our body

sval, svalovina

sval, svalovina

Ex: The weightlifter 's muscles helped him lift heavy weights .
hamstring
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) one of the five tendons at the back of someone's knee

hamstring, stehenní šlacha

hamstring, stehenní šlacha

abductor
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) a muscle that moves a part of the body away from its normal position by contraction

abduktor, abdukující sval

abduktor, abdukující sval

backbone
[Podstatné jméno]

a line of connected bones going down from your neck to tail bone in the middle of the back

páteř, hřbetní kost

páteř, hřbetní kost

Ex: The yoga instructor emphasized the importance of stretching backbone in class .
biceps
[Podstatné jméno]

the large muscle at the front of the upper part of the arm, which flexes the forearm

biceps, bicepsový sval

biceps, bicepsový sval

breastbone
[Podstatné jméno]

a long flat bone at the center of the chest that connects the ribs and the shoulder girdle

hrudní kost, sternum

hrudní kost, sternum

cheekbone
[Podstatné jméno]

the bone that is just below the eye

lícná kost, kost líčka

lícná kost, kost líčka

Ex: She admired her grandmother 's cheekbones, a trait that seemed to run in the family .
ciliary body
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) the structure that encloses the inner surface of the eye which consists of the muscle which makes the eye move

ciliární tělo, ciliární složka

ciliární tělo, ciliární složka

clavicle
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) a bone of the shoulder girdle that connects the breastbone to the shoulder bone

klíční kost, klíčová kost

klíční kost, klíčová kost

collarbone
[Podstatné jméno]

either of the pair of bones that go across the top of the chest from the base of the neck to the shoulders

klíční kost, klíčová kost

klíční kost, klíčová kost

Ex: The athlete 's collarbone structure helped support the weight of heavy lifting .
cranium
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) the bone structure that surrounds and protects the brain

lebka, kosti lební

lebka, kosti lební

Ex: cranium is essential for maintaining the shape and structure of the head .
deltoid
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) a large muscle, triangular in shape that covers the shoulder joint and helps the arm to abduct and rotate

deltoid, deltoidní sval

deltoid, deltoidní sval

extensor
[Podstatné jméno]

a muscle that helps a body part or limb be stretched out by contraction

extenzor, musculus extenzor

extenzor, musculus extenzor

Ex: extensor reflex is an involuntary response that causes the leg to kick out when the knee is tapped .
femur
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) the longest bone in the top part of the human leg between the hip and the knee

femur, humerus

femur, humerus

Ex: femur plays a crucial role in supporting the weight of the body and enabling activities such as walking , running , and jumping .
humerus
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) a long bone in the arm that extends from the shoulder to the elbow

humerus, ramenní kost

humerus, ramenní kost

fibula
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) the outer and narrower of the two bones between the ankle and the knee

fibula, kost lýtková

fibula, kost lýtková

flexor
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) a muscle that allows one to bend a limb or body part by contraction

flexor, ohybac

flexor, ohybac

jawbone
[Podstatné jméno]

either of the bones that form the jaw, particularly the lower jaw

čelisti, spodní čelist

čelisti, spodní čelist

Ex: The chewing motion of jawbone allows for the grinding and breaking down of food during digestion .
kneecap
[Podstatné jméno]

a small bone that covers the front of the knee joint

čéška, patella

čéška, patella

mandible
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) (zoology) either half of the jawbone, especially the lower jawbone that helps a vertebrate open and close its mouth

dolní čelist, mandibula

dolní čelist, mandibula

metatarsal
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) any of the five bones of the foot between the ankle and the toes

nártová kost, kost nártní

nártová kost, kost nártní

musculature
[Podstatné jméno]

(biology) the overall arrangement or the system of muscles in a human or an animal's body

svalstvo, svalová soustava

svalstvo, svalová soustava

occipital bone
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) the trapezoidal bone that is at the base and lower back of the cranium, though which the spinal cord passes

okcipitální kost, zadní kost lební

okcipitální kost, zadní kost lební

frontal bone
[Podstatné jméno]

the singular bone located at the front of the skull, forming the forehead and upper eye sockets for structural support and protection

čelní kost, frontalis kost

čelní kost, frontalis kost

parietal bone
[Podstatné jméno]

a cranial bone that forms the sides and roof of the skull, offering protection for the brain

temenní kost, parietální kost

temenní kost, parietální kost

sphenoid bone
[Podstatné jméno]

a butterfly-shaped bone, contributing to its structure and housing important structures

klínová kost, kost klínovitého tvaru

klínová kost, kost klínovitého tvaru

temporal bone
[Podstatné jméno]

a cranial bone located on the sides and base of the skull, housing the ear structures and contributing to jaw movement

temporální kost, spánková kost

temporální kost, spánková kost

zygoma
[Podstatné jméno]

a facial bone that forms the prominence of the cheek and connects various other facial bones

zygomatik, lícní kost

zygomatik, lícní kost

zygomatic bone
[Podstatné jméno]

a facial bone that contributes to the structure of the cheek and forms part of the eye socket

zygomatik, kost lícní

zygomatik, kost lícní

maxilla
[Podstatné jméno]

a facial bone that forms the central part of the face, supporting the upper teeth

maxila, horní čelist

maxila, horní čelist

patella
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) a small bone triangular in shape that covers and protects the front part of the knee joint

knee cap, patela

knee cap, patela

pelvis
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) the large round bone structure that the limbs and the spine are joined to, which also protects the abdominal organs

pánev, pelvis

pánev, pelvis

quadriceps
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) any of the four large muscles at the front of the thigh that allow the knee joint to stretch

kvadriceps, čtyřhlavý sval

kvadriceps, čtyřhlavý sval

quad
[Podstatné jméno]

a muscle at the front of the thigh that helps the knee joint stretch

kvadriceps, čtyřhlavý sval stehna

kvadriceps, čtyřhlavý sval stehna

radius
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) the larger and thicker bone of the human forearm extending from the elbow to the thumb side of the wrist

rádius, řemen

rádius, řemen

rib
[Podstatné jméno]

each of the curved bones surrounding the chest to protect the organs inside

žebro, obruba

žebro, obruba

ribcage
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) the bony structure in the chest formed by the ribs which protects organs in the thoracic cavity

hrudní koš, žebro

hrudní koš, žebro

sacrum
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) a large bone at the lower part of the spinal column between the two hip bones of the pelvis

křížová kost, sakrum

křížová kost, sakrum

shin bone
[Podstatné jméno]

the inner and larger bone of the pair of bones between the ankle and the knee

holenní kost, tibia

holenní kost, tibia

scapula
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) each of the pair of triangular bones that connect the humerus to the clavicle

lopatka, scapula

lopatka, scapula

Ex: scapula has several important bony landmarks , including the acromion and the coracoid process , which serve as attachment points for muscles and ligaments .
shoulder blade
[Podstatné jméno]

each of the pair of triangular bones that connect the upper arm bone with the collar bone

lopatka, čepel

lopatka, čepel

sinew
[Podstatné jméno]

an elastic cord or band that connects a muscle to a bone

šlacha, svalová šlacha

šlacha, svalová šlacha

Ex: The injury to the athlete ’s leg was actually a sinew, which required surgery to repair .
skeleton
[Podstatné jméno]

the structure of bones supporting the body of an animal or a person

kostra, skelet

kostra, skelet

Ex: Scientists discovered a skeleton in the desert .
spine
[Podstatné jméno]

the row of small bones that are joined together down the center of the back of the body

páteř, hřbetní kost

páteř, hřbetní kost

sphincter
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) a ring of muscle that can open or close an opening, such as anus, in the body

svalový svěrač, svěrač

svalový svěrač, svěrač

sternum
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) a long flat bone at the center of the chest that connects the ribs to the shoulder girdle

hrudní kost, sternum

hrudní kost, sternum

tail bone
[Podstatné jméno]

the small triangular bone at the end of the spinal column in humans or tailless primates

kostrč, kostička ocasní

kostrč, kostička ocasní

tarsal
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) any of the cluster of seven small bones in the foot between the ankle and upper foot

tarzální kost, kost tarsu

tarzální kost, kost tarsu

thighbone
[Podstatné jméno]

the longest bone in the human skeleton which is between the hip and the knee

stehenní kost, femur

stehenní kost, femur

tibia
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) the inner and larger of the two bones between the ankle and the knee

tibia, holenní kost

tibia, holenní kost

triceps
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) the three-headed muscle of the arm that functions as the extensor of the elbow joint

triceps, trojhlavý sval paže

triceps, trojhlavý sval paže

ulna
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) the thinner and longer bone of the human forearm extending from the elbow to the wrist

ulna, hřebínek (anatomie)

ulna, hřebínek (anatomie)

vertebra
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) any of the bony segments and cartilages of the spinal column

obratel, obratle

obratel, obratle

Ex: The human spine consists of vertebra, including the coccyx and sacrum .
ossicle
[Podstatné jméno]

a small bone found in the middle ear that helps transmit sound vibrations and facilitate hearing

osík, oslík

osík, oslík

fenestra
[Podstatné jméno]

an opening or a hole, particularly in a bone structure

okno, otvor

okno, otvor

jaw
[Podstatné jméno]

the lower bone of the face containing the chin and the bottom teeth

čelist, spodní čelist

čelist, spodní čelist

Ex: Chewing gum for too long can sometimes cause soreness in jaw.
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