pattern

Tělo - Svalově-kosterní systém

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s pohybovým aparátem, jako jsou "vaz", "hamstring" a "kostrč".

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Words Related to Body
bone
bone
[Podstatné jméno]

any of the hard pieces making up the skeleton in humans and some animals

kost, lidská kost

kost, lidská kost

Ex: She twisted her ankle and felt a shooting pain in the bone. 
joint
joint
[Podstatné jméno]

a place in the body where two bones meet, enabling one of them to bend or move around

kloub, spojení

kloub, spojení

Ex: The knee is a complex joint that allows for bending and straightening of the leg. 
cartilage
cartilage
[Podstatné jméno]

an elastic tissue that supports or connects joints in an infant and turns into skeleton during growth

chrupavka, chrupavčitá tkáň

chrupavka, chrupavčitá tkáň

Ex: Cartilage lacks blood vessels, which affects its ability to heal. 
cartilage bone
cartilage bone
[Podstatné jméno]

a transformed cartilaginous structure that has undergone ossification

chrupavková kost, kost pocházející z chrupavky

chrupavková kost, kost pocházející z chrupavky

ligament
ligament
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) a strong band of tissue which connects two bones or cartilages or keeps organs in place

vaz, vazivový pruh

vaz, vazivový pruh

bursa
bursa
[Podstatné jméno]

a fluid-filled sac that reduces friction between tissues such as bones, tendons, and muscles

burza, synoviální vak

burza, synoviální vak

axial skeleton
axial skeleton
[Podstatné jméno]

the central part of the skeleton that includes the skull, vertebral column, and ribcage

axiální kostra, kostra trupu

axiální kostra, kostra trupu

axial muscle
axial muscle
[Podstatné jméno]

a single muscle that is located along the central axis of the body, including the head, neck, and trunk

axiální sval, sval podél centrální osy těla

axiální sval, sval podél centrální osy těla

Achilles tendon
Achilles tendon
[Podstatné jméno]

a tendon in the leg that attaches the muscles of the calf to the bone of the heel

Achillova šlacha, patní šlacha

Achillova šlacha, patní šlacha

Ex: The Achilles tendon connects the calf muscles to the heel bone, playing a crucial role in walking, running, and jumping. 
tendon
tendon
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) an elastic cord or band that connects a muscle to a bone

šlacha, elastický vaz

šlacha, elastický vaz

Ex: Tendon injuries can result from sudden trauma or repetitive strain. 
skull
skull
[Podstatné jméno]

the bony structure that surrounds and provides protection for a person's or animal's brain

lebka, mozkovna

lebka, mozkovna

Ex: In anatomy class, they learned about the different bones that form the human skull. 
muscle
muscle
[Podstatné jméno]

a piece of body tissue that is made tight or relaxed when we want to move a particular part of our body

sval

sval

Ex: He massaged his sore muscles to ease the tension. 
hamstring
hamstring
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) one of the five tendons at the back of someone's knee

hamstring, šlacha za kolenem

hamstring, šlacha za kolenem

abductor
abductor
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) a muscle that moves a part of the body away from its normal position by contraction

abduktor, abdukční sval

abduktor, abdukční sval

backbone
backbone
[Podstatné jméno]

a line of connected bones going down from your neck to tail bone in the middle of the back

páteř, hřeben

páteř, hřeben

Ex: Good posture helps support the backbone and reduces strain on the back. 
biceps
biceps
[Podstatné jméno]

the large muscle at the front of the upper part of the arm, which flexes the forearm

biceps

biceps

Ex: He flexed his biceps to show off his strength. 
breastbone
breastbone
[Podstatné jméno]

a long flat bone at the center of the chest that connects the ribs and the shoulder girdle

hrudní kost, sternum

hrudní kost, sternum

cheekbone
cheekbone
[Podstatné jméno]

the bone that is just below the eye

lícní kost, kost pod okem

lícní kost, kost pod okem

Ex: The makeup artist applied highlighter to accentuate the model's cheekbones, creating a sculpted look. 
ciliary body
ciliary body
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) the structure that encloses the inner surface of the eye which consists of the muscle which makes the eye move

řasnaté těleso, řasnatý sval

řasnaté těleso, řasnatý sval

clavicle
clavicle
[Podstatné jméno]

the long, curved bone that connects the shoulder blade to the sternum

klíční kost, klavikula

klíční kost, klavikula

Ex: She broke her clavicle while skiing. 
collarbone
collarbone
[Podstatné jméno]

either of the pair of bones that go across the top of the chest from the base of the neck to the shoulders

klíční kost, krční kost

klíční kost, krční kost

Ex: He fractured his collarbone during the football game and needed to wear a sling for several weeks. 
cranium
cranium
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) the bone structure that surrounds and protects the brain

lebka, kranium

lebka, kranium

Ex: The cranium protects the delicate structures of the brain. 
deltoid
deltoid
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) a large muscle, triangular in shape that covers the shoulder joint and helps the arm to abduct and rotate

deltoid, deltoidní sval

deltoid, deltoidní sval

extensor
extensor
[Podstatné jméno]

a muscle that helps a body part or limb be stretched out by contraction

extenzor, natahovač

extenzor, natahovač

Ex: A strain in the extensor tendons of his hand resulted in limited movement and discomfort. 
femur
femur
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) the longest bone in the top part of the human leg between the hip and the knee

stehenní kost

stehenní kost

Ex: The femur is the longest and strongest bone in the human body, extending from the hip to the knee. 
humerus
humerus
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) a long bone in the arm that extends from the shoulder to the elbow

kost pažní, kost ruky

kost pažní, kost ruky

fibula
fibula
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) the outer and narrower of the two bones between the ankle and the knee

lýtková kost, fibula

lýtková kost, fibula

flexor
flexor
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) a muscle that allows one to bend a limb or body part by contraction

ohybač, sval

ohybač, sval

jawbone
jawbone
[Podstatné jméno]

either of the bones that form the jaw, particularly the lower jaw

čelistní kost, dolní čelist

čelistní kost, dolní čelist

Ex: The boxer's opponent landed a powerful punch to his jawbone, causing him to stagger backward. 
kneecap
kneecap
[Podstatné jméno]

a small bone that covers the front of the knee joint

čéška, patella

čéška, patella

mandible
mandible
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) (zoology) either half of the jawbone, especially the lower jawbone that helps a vertebrate open and close its mouth

dolní čelist, mandibula

dolní čelist, mandibula

metatarsal
metatarsal
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) any of the five bones of the foot between the ankle and the toes

nártní kost, kost metatarzu

nártní kost, kost metatarzu

musculature
musculature
[Podstatné jméno]

(biology) the overall arrangement or the system of muscles in a human or an animal's body

svalová soustava, svalový systém

svalová soustava, svalový systém

occipital bone
occipital bone
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) the trapezoidal bone that is at the base and lower back of the cranium, though which the spinal cord passes

týlní kost, kost na spodní a zadní části lebky

týlní kost, kost na spodní a zadní části lebky

frontal bone
frontal bone
[Podstatné jméno]

the singular bone located at the front of the skull, forming the forehead and upper eye sockets for structural support and protection

čelní kost, frontální kost

čelní kost, frontální kost

parietal bone
parietal bone
[Podstatné jméno]

a cranial bone that forms the sides and roof of the skull, offering protection for the brain

temení kost, parietální kost

temení kost, parietální kost

sphenoid bone
sphenoid bone
[Podstatné jméno]

a butterfly-shaped bone, contributing to its structure and housing important structures

klínová kost, kost ve tvaru motýla

klínová kost, kost ve tvaru motýla

temporal bone
temporal bone
[Podstatné jméno]

a cranial bone located on the sides and base of the skull, housing the ear structures and contributing to jaw movement

spánková kost, temporální kost

spánková kost, temporální kost

zygoma
zygoma
[Podstatné jméno]

a facial bone that forms the prominence of the cheek and connects various other facial bones

lícní kost, zygoma

lícní kost, zygoma

zygomatic bone
zygomatic bone
[Podstatné jméno]

a facial bone that contributes to the structure of the cheek and forms part of the eye socket

lícní kost, jařmová kost

lícní kost, jařmová kost

maxilla
maxilla
[Podstatné jméno]

a facial bone that forms the central part of the face, supporting the upper teeth

horní čelist

horní čelist

patella
patella
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) a small bone triangular in shape that covers and protects the front part of the knee joint

čéška, patella

čéška, patella

pelvis
pelvis
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) the large round bone structure that the limbs and the spine are joined to, which also protects the abdominal organs

pánev, kyčel

pánev, kyčel

Ex: The pelvis is a bony structure located at the base of the spine, consisting of the hip bones, sacrum, and coccyx. 
quadriceps
quadriceps
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) any of the four large muscles at the front of the thigh that allow the knee joint to stretch

kvadriceps

kvadriceps

quad
quad
[Podstatné jméno]

a muscle at the front of the thigh that helps the knee joint stretch

kvadriceps, čtyřhlavý sval

kvadriceps, čtyřhlavý sval

radius
radius
[Podstatné jméno]

the outer and slightly shorter of the two bones of the human forearm

vřetenní kost, radius

vřetenní kost, radius

Ex: He fractured his radius during the fall. 
rib
rib
[Podstatné jméno]

each of the curved bones surrounding the chest to protect the organs inside

žebro

žebro

Ex: The doctor examined the patient's ribs after the fall to check for any fractures. 
ribcage
ribcage
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) the bony structure in the chest formed by the ribs which protects organs in the thoracic cavity

hrudní koš, thorax

hrudní koš, thorax

sacrum
sacrum
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) a large bone at the lower part of the spinal column between the two hip bones of the pelvis

křížová kost, sacrum

křížová kost, sacrum

shin bone
shin bone
[Podstatné jméno]

the inner and larger bone of the pair of bones between the ankle and the knee

holenní kost, kost nohy

holenní kost, kost nohy

scapula
scapula
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) each of the pair of triangular bones that connect the humerus to the clavicle

lopatka, skapula

lopatka, skapula

Ex: The scapula, commonly known as the shoulder blade, is a flat, triangular bone located in the upper back that connects the humerus (upper arm bone) with the clavicle (collarbone). 
shoulder blade
shoulder blade
[Podstatné jméno]

each of the pair of triangular bones that connect the upper arm bone with the collar bone

lopatka, skapula

lopatka, skapula

sinew
sinew
[Podstatné jméno]

an elastic cord or band that connects a muscle to a bone

šlacha, vaz

šlacha, vaz

Ex: The surgeon explained how the sinew attaches the muscle to the bone, allowing for movement. 
skeleton
skeleton
[Podstatné jméno]

the structure of bones supporting the body of an animal or a person

kostra, kosterní systém

kostra, kosterní systém

Ex: The X-ray revealed a fracture in his skeleton. 
spine
spine
[Podstatné jméno]

the row of small bones that are joined together down the center of the back of the body

páteř

páteř

Ex: The surgeon carefully examined the patient's spine to assess the extent of the injury. 
sphincter
sphincter
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) a ring of muscle that can open or close an opening, such as anus, in the body

svěrač, sval svěrače

svěrač, sval svěrače

sternum
sternum
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) a long flat bone at the center of the chest that connects the ribs to the shoulder girdle

hrudní kost, sternum

hrudní kost, sternum

tail bone
tail bone
[Podstatné jméno]

the small triangular bone at the end of the spinal column in humans or tailless primates

kostrč, ocasní kost

kostrč, ocasní kost

tarsal
tarsal
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) any of the cluster of seven small bones in the foot between the ankle and upper foot

nártní, kost zánártní

nártní, kost zánártní

thighbone
thighbone
[Podstatné jméno]

the longest bone in the human skeleton which is between the hip and the knee

stehenní kost, femur

stehenní kost, femur

tibia
tibia
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) the inner and larger of the two bones between the ankle and the knee

holenní kost

holenní kost

triceps
triceps
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) the three-headed muscle of the arm that functions as the extensor of the elbow joint

triceps, trojhlavý sval pažní

triceps, trojhlavý sval pažní

ulna
ulna
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) the thinner and longer bone of the human forearm extending from the elbow to the wrist

ulna, loketní kost

ulna, loketní kost

vertebra
vertebra
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) any of the bony segments and cartilages of the spinal column

obratel, segment páteře

obratel, segment páteře

Ex: Injuries to the vertebra can result in paralysis or loss of sensation. 
ossicle
ossicle
[Podstatné jméno]

a small bone found in the middle ear that helps transmit sound vibrations and facilitate hearing

ušní kůstka, malá kost ve středním uchu

ušní kůstka, malá kost ve středním uchu

fenestra
fenestra
[Podstatné jméno]

an opening or a hole, particularly in a bone structure

okno, otvor

okno, otvor

jaw
jaw
[Podstatné jméno]

the lower bone of the face containing the chin and the bottom teeth

čelist, dolní čelist

čelist, dolní čelist

Ex: He clenched his jaw in frustration when he heard the news. 
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