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- 筋骨格系

ここでは、「靭帯」、「ハムストリング」、「尾骨」など、筋骨格系に関連するいくつかの英単語を学びます。

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Words Related to Body
bone
[名詞]

any of the hard pieces making up the skeleton in humans and some animals

骨, 人間の骨

骨, 人間の骨

Ex: The surgeon performed a bone graft to repair the damaged bone.外科医は、損傷した**骨**を修復するために**骨**移植を行いました。
joint
[名詞]

a place in the body where two bones meet, enabling one of them to bend or move around

関節, 接合部

関節, 接合部

Ex: He underwent surgery to repair a damaged joint in his thumb , restoring functionality and relieving pain .彼は親指の損傷した**関節**を修復する手術を受け、機能を回復し痛みを和らげました。
cartilage
[名詞]

an elastic tissue that supports or connects joints in an infant and turns into skeleton during growth

軟骨, 軟骨組織

軟骨, 軟骨組織

Ex: Chondrocytes are cells responsible for producing and maintaining cartilage.軟骨細胞は、**軟骨**を生成し維持する責任がある細胞です。

a transformed cartilaginous structure that has undergone ossification

軟骨骨, 軟骨に由来する骨

軟骨骨, 軟骨に由来する骨

ligament
[名詞]

(anatomy) a strong band of tissue which connects two bones or cartilages or keeps organs in place

靭帯, 結合組織

靭帯, 結合組織

bursa
[名詞]

a fluid-filled sac that reduces friction between tissues such as bones, tendons, and muscles

滑液包, バーサ

滑液包, バーサ

the central part of the skeleton that includes the skull, vertebral column, and ribcage

軸骨格, 体幹骨格

軸骨格, 体幹骨格

axial muscle
[名詞]

a single muscle that is located along the central axis of the body, including the head, neck, and trunk

軸筋肉, 体の中心軸に沿って位置する単一の筋肉

軸筋肉, 体の中心軸に沿って位置する単一の筋肉

a tendon in the leg that attaches the muscles of the calf to the bone of the heel

アキレス腱, 踵腱

アキレス腱, 踵腱

Ex: Stretching and strengthening exercises can help prevent injuries to the Achilles tendon by improving flexibility and resilience .ストレッチや筋力トレーニングは、柔軟性と回復力を向上させることで、**アキレス腱**の怪我を防ぐのに役立ちます。
tendon
[名詞]

(anatomy) an elastic cord or band that connects a muscle to a bone

腱, 弾性のある靭帯

腱, 弾性のある靭帯

Ex: Tendons are composed primarily of collagen fibers .**腱**は主にコラーゲン繊維で構成されています。
skull
[名詞]

the bony structure that surrounds and provides protection for a person's or animal's brain

頭蓋骨, 頭骨

頭蓋骨, 頭骨

Ex: The skull protects the brain , one of the most vital organs in the body .**頭蓋骨**は、体の中で最も重要な器官の一つである脳を保護します。
muscle
[名詞]

a piece of body tissue that is made tight or relaxed when we want to move a particular part of our body

筋肉

筋肉

Ex: The weightlifter 's strong muscles helped him lift heavy weights .重量挙げ選手の強い**筋肉**は、彼が重い重量を持ち上げるのに役立ちました。
hamstring
[名詞]

(anatomy) one of the five tendons at the back of someone's knee

ハムストリング, 膝裏の腱

ハムストリング, 膝裏の腱

abductor
[名詞]

(anatomy) a muscle that moves a part of the body away from its normal position by contraction

外転筋, 外転させる筋肉

外転筋, 外転させる筋肉

backbone
[名詞]

a line of connected bones going down from your neck to tail bone in the middle of the back

背骨, 脊柱

背骨, 脊柱

Ex: The yoga instructor emphasized the importance of stretching the backbone in class .ヨガのインストラクターは、クラスで**背骨**を伸ばすことの重要性を強調しました。
biceps
[名詞]

the large muscle at the front of the upper part of the arm, which flexes the forearm

上腕二頭筋

上腕二頭筋

Ex: Swelling and pain in the biceps can result from overuse or injury .**上腕二頭筋**の腫れや痛みは、使い過ぎや怪我が原因である可能性があります。
breastbone
[名詞]

a long flat bone at the center of the chest that connects the ribs and the shoulder girdle

胸骨, 胸部の骨

胸骨, 胸部の骨

cheekbone
[名詞]

the bone that is just below the eye

頬骨, 目の下の骨

頬骨, 目の下の骨

Ex: She admired her grandmother 's high cheekbones, a trait that seemed to run in the family .彼女は祖母の高い**頬骨**を賞賛しました、それは家族の中で受け継がれているように見える特徴でした。
ciliary body
[名詞]

(anatomy) the structure that encloses the inner surface of the eye which consists of the muscle which makes the eye move

毛様体, 毛様体筋

毛様体, 毛様体筋

clavicle
[名詞]

(anatomy) a bone of the shoulder girdle that connects the breastbone to the shoulder bone

鎖骨,  clavicleの骨

鎖骨, clavicleの骨

collarbone
[名詞]

either of the pair of bones that go across the top of the chest from the base of the neck to the shoulders

鎖骨, 首の骨

鎖骨, 首の骨

Ex: The athlete 's strong collarbone structure helped support the weight of heavy lifting .アスリートの強い**鎖骨**の構造は、重量挙げの重量を支えるのに役立ちました。
cranium
[名詞]

(anatomy) the bone structure that surrounds and protects the brain

頭蓋骨, 頭蓋

頭蓋骨, 頭蓋

Ex: The cranium is essential for maintaining the shape and structure of the head .**頭蓋骨**は、頭の形と構造を維持するために不可欠です。
deltoid
[名詞]

(anatomy) a large muscle, triangular in shape that covers the shoulder joint and helps the arm to abduct and rotate

三角筋, デルタ筋

三角筋, デルタ筋

extensor
[名詞]

a muscle that helps a body part or limb be stretched out by contraction

伸筋, 伸筋筋肉

伸筋, 伸筋筋肉

Ex: Physical therapy exercises focused on strengthening the extensor muscles following the patient's knee surgery.患者の膝手術後に**伸筋**を強化することに焦点を当てた理学療法のエクササイズ。
femur
[名詞]

(anatomy) the longest bone in the top part of the human leg between the hip and the knee

大腿骨

大腿骨

Ex: The femur plays a crucial role in supporting the weight of the body and enabling activities such as walking , running , and jumping .**大腿骨**は、体重を支え、歩行、走行、ジャンプなどの活動を可能にする上で重要な役割を果たします。
humerus
[名詞]

(anatomy) a long bone in the arm that extends from the shoulder to the elbow

上腕骨, 腕の骨

上腕骨, 腕の骨

fibula
[名詞]

(anatomy) the outer and narrower of the two bones between the ankle and the knee

腓骨, フィビュラ

腓骨, フィビュラ

flexor
[名詞]

(anatomy) a muscle that allows one to bend a limb or body part by contraction

屈筋, 収縮によって肢や体の一部を曲げることができる筋肉

屈筋, 収縮によって肢や体の一部を曲げることができる筋肉

jawbone
[名詞]

either of the bones that form the jaw, particularly the lower jaw

顎骨, 下顎

顎骨, 下顎

Ex: The chewing motion of the jawbone allows for the grinding and breaking down of food during digestion .**顎骨**の咀嚼運動は、消化中に食物を粉砕し分解することを可能にします。
kneecap
[名詞]

a small bone that covers the front of the knee joint

膝蓋骨, 膝の皿

膝蓋骨, 膝の皿

mandible
[名詞]

(anatomy) (zoology) either half of the jawbone, especially the lower jawbone that helps a vertebrate open and close its mouth

下顎骨, 下顎

下顎骨, 下顎

metatarsal
[名詞]

(anatomy) any of the five bones of the foot between the ankle and the toes

中足骨, 足の中足骨

中足骨, 足の中足骨

musculature
[名詞]

(biology) the overall arrangement or the system of muscles in a human or an animal's body

筋肉組織, 筋肉システム

筋肉組織, 筋肉システム

(anatomy) the trapezoidal bone that is at the base and lower back of the cranium, though which the spinal cord passes

後頭骨, 頭蓋骨の基部と後下部にある骨

後頭骨, 頭蓋骨の基部と後下部にある骨

frontal bone
[名詞]

the singular bone located at the front of the skull, forming the forehead and upper eye sockets for structural support and protection

前頭骨, フロンタルボーン

前頭骨, フロンタルボーン

a cranial bone that forms the sides and roof of the skull, offering protection for the brain

頭頂骨, パリエタルボーン

頭頂骨, パリエタルボーン

a butterfly-shaped bone, contributing to its structure and housing important structures

蝶形骨, 蝶の形をした骨

蝶形骨, 蝶の形をした骨

a cranial bone located on the sides and base of the skull, housing the ear structures and contributing to jaw movement

側頭骨, テンポラルボーン

側頭骨, テンポラルボーン

zygoma
[名詞]

a facial bone that forms the prominence of the cheek and connects various other facial bones

頬骨, ジゴマ

頬骨, ジゴマ

a facial bone that contributes to the structure of the cheek and forms part of the eye socket

頬骨, 頬骨

頬骨, 頬骨

maxilla
[名詞]

a facial bone that forms the central part of the face, supporting the upper teeth

上顎骨

上顎骨

patella
[名詞]

(anatomy) a small bone triangular in shape that covers and protects the front part of the knee joint

膝蓋骨, パテラ

膝蓋骨, パテラ

pelvis
[名詞]

(anatomy) the large round bone structure that the limbs and the spine are joined to, which also protects the abdominal organs

骨盤, ペルビス

骨盤, ペルビス

Ex: The pelvis is a key component of the human skeletal system , providing support and protection to internal organs .**骨盤**は人間の骨格系の重要な構成要素であり、内臓を支え保護します。
quadriceps
[名詞]

(anatomy) any of the four large muscles at the front of the thigh that allow the knee joint to stretch

大腿四頭筋

大腿四頭筋

quad
[名詞]

a muscle at the front of the thigh that helps the knee joint stretch

大腿四頭筋, クワッド

大腿四頭筋, クワッド

radius
[名詞]

(anatomy) the larger and thicker bone of the human forearm extending from the elbow to the thumb side of the wrist

橈骨, 半径骨

橈骨, 半径骨

rib
[名詞]

each of the curved bones surrounding the chest to protect the organs inside

肋骨

肋骨

Ex: The boxer wore protective padding around his ribs to minimize the risk of injury during the match .ボクサーは試合中の負傷のリスクを最小限に抑えるために、**肋骨**の周りに保護パッドを着用していました。
ribcage
[名詞]

(anatomy) the bony structure in the chest formed by the ribs which protects organs in the thoracic cavity

肋骨, 胸郭

肋骨, 胸郭

sacrum
[名詞]

(anatomy) a large bone at the lower part of the spinal column between the two hip bones of the pelvis

仙骨, 仙骨の骨

仙骨, 仙骨の骨

shin bone
[名詞]

the inner and larger bone of the pair of bones between the ankle and the knee

脛骨, すねの骨

脛骨, すねの骨

scapula
[名詞]

(anatomy) each of the pair of triangular bones that connect the humerus to the clavicle

肩甲骨, スキャプラ

肩甲骨, スキャプラ

Ex: The scapula has several important bony landmarks , including the acromion and the coracoid process , which serve as attachment points for muscles and ligaments .**肩甲骨**には、筋肉や靭帯の付着点として機能する肩峰や烏口突起など、いくつかの重要な骨のランドマークがあります。

each of the pair of triangular bones that connect the upper arm bone with the collar bone

肩甲骨, けんこうこつ

肩甲骨, けんこうこつ

sinew
[名詞]

an elastic cord or band that connects a muscle to a bone

腱, 靭帯

腱, 靭帯

Ex: The sinew plays a crucial role in the body’s mechanics, functioning as the connector between muscle and bone.**腱**は、筋肉と骨の間のコネクタとして機能し、体の力学において重要な役割を果たします。
skeleton
[名詞]

the structure of bones supporting the body of an animal or a person

骨格, 骸骨

骨格, 骸骨

Ex: Scientists discovered a dinosaur skeleton in the desert .科学者たちは砂漠で恐竜の**骨格**を発見しました。
spine
[名詞]

the row of small bones that are joined together down the center of the back of the body

脊椎

脊椎

Ex: In yoga , many poses are designed to improve flexibility and strength in the spine.ヨガでは、多くのポーズが**背骨**の柔軟性と強さを向上させるために設計されています。
sphincter
[名詞]

(anatomy) a ring of muscle that can open or close an opening, such as anus, in the body

括約筋, スフィンクター

括約筋, スフィンクター

sternum
[名詞]

(anatomy) a long flat bone at the center of the chest that connects the ribs to the shoulder girdle

胸骨, 胸の骨

胸骨, 胸の骨

tail bone
[名詞]

the small triangular bone at the end of the spinal column in humans or tailless primates

尾骨, 尾てい骨

尾骨, 尾てい骨

tarsal
[名詞]

(anatomy) any of the cluster of seven small bones in the foot between the ankle and upper foot

足根骨, 足の甲の骨

足根骨, 足の甲の骨

thighbone
[名詞]

the longest bone in the human skeleton which is between the hip and the knee

大腿骨, 太ももの骨

大腿骨, 太ももの骨

tibia
[名詞]

(anatomy) the inner and larger of the two bones between the ankle and the knee

脛骨

脛骨

triceps
[名詞]

(anatomy) the three-headed muscle of the arm that functions as the extensor of the elbow joint

上腕三頭筋, 三頭筋

上腕三頭筋, 三頭筋

ulna
[名詞]

(anatomy) the thinner and longer bone of the human forearm extending from the elbow to the wrist

尺骨, ウルナ

尺骨, ウルナ

vertebra
[名詞]

(anatomy) any of the bony segments and cartilages of the spinal column

椎骨, 脊椎の一部

椎骨, 脊椎の一部

Ex: The human spine consists of 33 vertebra, including the coccyx and sacrum .人間の脊椎は、尾骨と仙骨を含む33の**椎骨**で構成されています。
ossicle
[名詞]

a small bone found in the middle ear that helps transmit sound vibrations and facilitate hearing

小骨, 中耳にある小さな骨

小骨, 中耳にある小さな骨

fenestra
[名詞]

an opening or a hole, particularly in a bone structure

窓, 開口部

窓, 開口部

jaw
[名詞]

the lower bone of the face containing the chin and the bottom teeth

顎, 下顎

顎, 下顎

Ex: Chewing gum for too long can sometimes cause soreness in the jaw.ガムを長時間噛みすぎると、時々**顎**に痛みを引き起こすことがあります。
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