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身体 - 肌肉骨骼系统

在这里,你将学习一些与肌肉骨骼系统相关的英语单词,如“韧带”、“腘绳肌”和“尾骨”。

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bone
[名词]

any of the hard pieces making up the skeleton in humans and some animals

骨头, 人骨

骨头, 人骨

Ex: The surgeon performed a bone graft to repair the damaged bone.外科医生进行了**骨**移植以修复受损的**骨**头。
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joint
[名词]

a place in the body where two bones meet, enabling one of them to bend or move around

关节, 接合处

关节, 接合处

Ex: He underwent surgery to repair a damaged joint in his thumb , restoring functionality and relieving pain .他接受了手术来修复拇指中受损的**关节**,恢复了功能并缓解了疼痛。
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cartilage
[名词]

an elastic tissue that supports or connects joints in an infant and turns into skeleton during growth

软骨, 软骨组织

软骨, 软骨组织

Ex: Chondrocytes are cells responsible for producing and maintaining cartilage.软骨细胞是负责产生和维持**软骨**的细胞。
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a transformed cartilaginous structure that has undergone ossification

软骨骨, 源自软骨的骨

软骨骨, 源自软骨的骨

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ligament
[名词]

(anatomy) a strong band of tissue which connects two bones or cartilages or keeps organs in place

韧带, 结缔组织

韧带, 结缔组织

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bursa
[名词]

a fluid-filled sac that reduces friction between tissues such as bones, tendons, and muscles

滑囊, 滑液囊

滑囊, 滑液囊

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the central part of the skeleton that includes the skull, vertebral column, and ribcage

中轴骨骼, 躯干骨骼

中轴骨骼, 躯干骨骼

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axial muscle
[名词]

a single muscle that is located along the central axis of the body, including the head, neck, and trunk

轴向肌肉, 位于身体中心轴的单一肌肉

轴向肌肉, 位于身体中心轴的单一肌肉

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a tendon in the leg that attaches the muscles of the calf to the bone of the heel

跟腱, 阿基里斯腱

跟腱, 阿基里斯腱

Ex: Stretching and strengthening exercises can help prevent injuries to the Achilles tendon by improving flexibility and resilience .伸展和强化练习可以通过提高灵活性和弹性来帮助防止**跟腱**受伤。
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tendon
[名词]

(anatomy) an elastic cord or band that connects a muscle to a bone

肌腱, 弹性韧带

肌腱, 弹性韧带

Ex: Tendons are composed primarily of collagen fibers .**肌腱**主要由胶原纤维组成。
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skull
[名词]

the bony structure that surrounds and provides protection for a person's or animal's brain

头骨, 颅骨

头骨, 颅骨

Ex: The skull protects the brain , one of the most vital organs in the body .**头骨**保护大脑,这是身体中最重要的器官之一。
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muscle
[名词]

a piece of body tissue that is made tight or relaxed when we want to move a particular part of our body

肌肉

肌肉

Ex: The weightlifter 's strong muscles helped him lift heavy weights .举重运动员强壮的**肌肉**帮助他举起了沉重的重量。
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hamstring
[名词]

(anatomy) one of the five tendons at the back of someone's knee

腘绳肌腱, 膝后肌腱

腘绳肌腱, 膝后肌腱

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abductor
[名词]

(anatomy) a muscle that moves a part of the body away from its normal position by contraction

外展肌, 外展肌肉

外展肌, 外展肌肉

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backbone
[名词]

a line of connected bones going down from your neck to tail bone in the middle of the back

脊柱, 脊椎

脊柱, 脊椎

Ex: The yoga instructor emphasized the importance of stretching the backbone in class .瑜伽教练强调了在课堂上伸展**脊柱**的重要性。
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biceps
[名词]

the large muscle at the front of the upper part of the arm, which flexes the forearm

二头肌

二头肌

Ex: Swelling and pain in the biceps can result from overuse or injury .**二头肌**的肿胀和疼痛可能是由于过度使用或受伤引起的。
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breastbone
[名词]

a long flat bone at the center of the chest that connects the ribs and the shoulder girdle

胸骨, 胸部骨头

胸骨, 胸部骨头

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cheekbone
[名词]

the bone that is just below the eye

颧骨, 眼睛下方的骨头

颧骨, 眼睛下方的骨头

Ex: She admired her grandmother 's high cheekbones, a trait that seemed to run in the family .她羡慕祖母高高的**颧骨**,这似乎是家族遗传的特征。
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ciliary body
[名词]

(anatomy) the structure that encloses the inner surface of the eye which consists of the muscle which makes the eye move

睫状体, 睫状肌

睫状体, 睫状肌

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clavicle
[名词]

(anatomy) a bone of the shoulder girdle that connects the breastbone to the shoulder bone

锁骨, 锁骨骨

锁骨, 锁骨骨

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collarbone
[名词]

either of the pair of bones that go across the top of the chest from the base of the neck to the shoulders

锁骨, 颈骨

锁骨, 颈骨

Ex: The athlete 's strong collarbone structure helped support the weight of heavy lifting .运动员强壮的**锁骨**结构有助于支撑举重的重量。
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cranium
[名词]

(anatomy) the bone structure that surrounds and protects the brain

颅骨, 头盖骨

颅骨, 头盖骨

Ex: The cranium is essential for maintaining the shape and structure of the head .**颅骨**对于维持头部的形状和结构至关重要。
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deltoid
[名词]

(anatomy) a large muscle, triangular in shape that covers the shoulder joint and helps the arm to abduct and rotate

三角肌, 三角肌肉

三角肌, 三角肌肉

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extensor
[名词]

a muscle that helps a body part or limb be stretched out by contraction

伸肌, 伸展肌肉

伸肌, 伸展肌肉

Ex: Physical therapy exercises focused on strengthening the extensor muscles following the patient's knee surgery.物理治疗练习集中在患者膝盖手术后加强**伸肌**。
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femur
[名词]

(anatomy) the longest bone in the top part of the human leg between the hip and the knee

股骨

股骨

Ex: The femur plays a crucial role in supporting the weight of the body and enabling activities such as walking , running , and jumping .**股骨**在支撑身体重量和实现行走、跑步和跳跃等活动方面起着至关重要的作用。
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humerus
[名词]

(anatomy) a long bone in the arm that extends from the shoulder to the elbow

肱骨, 手臂骨

肱骨, 手臂骨

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fibula
[名词]

(anatomy) the outer and narrower of the two bones between the ankle and the knee

腓骨, 外胫骨

腓骨, 外胫骨

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flexor
[名词]

(anatomy) a muscle that allows one to bend a limb or body part by contraction

屈肌, 通过收缩使肢体或身体部位弯曲的肌肉

屈肌, 通过收缩使肢体或身体部位弯曲的肌肉

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jawbone
[名词]

either of the bones that form the jaw, particularly the lower jaw

颌骨, 下颌

颌骨, 下颌

Ex: The chewing motion of the jawbone allows for the grinding and breaking down of food during digestion .**颚骨**的咀嚼运动允许在消化过程中研磨和分解食物。
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kneecap
[名词]

a small bone that covers the front of the knee joint

膝盖骨, 髌骨

膝盖骨, 髌骨

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mandible
[名词]

(anatomy) (zoology) either half of the jawbone, especially the lower jawbone that helps a vertebrate open and close its mouth

下颌骨, 下颚

下颌骨, 下颚

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metatarsal
[名词]

(anatomy) any of the five bones of the foot between the ankle and the toes

跖骨, 足跖骨

跖骨, 足跖骨

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musculature
[名词]

(biology) the overall arrangement or the system of muscles in a human or an animal's body

肌肉组织, 肌肉系统

肌肉组织, 肌肉系统

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(anatomy) the trapezoidal bone that is at the base and lower back of the cranium, though which the spinal cord passes

枕骨, 颅骨基部和后下方的骨

枕骨, 颅骨基部和后下方的骨

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frontal bone
[名词]

the singular bone located at the front of the skull, forming the forehead and upper eye sockets for structural support and protection

额骨, 前骨

额骨, 前骨

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a cranial bone that forms the sides and roof of the skull, offering protection for the brain

顶骨, 颅顶骨

顶骨, 颅顶骨

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a butterfly-shaped bone, contributing to its structure and housing important structures

蝶骨, 蝴蝶形骨

蝶骨, 蝴蝶形骨

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a cranial bone located on the sides and base of the skull, housing the ear structures and contributing to jaw movement

颞骨, 太阳穴骨

颞骨, 太阳穴骨

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zygoma
[名词]

a facial bone that forms the prominence of the cheek and connects various other facial bones

颧骨, 颧弓

颧骨, 颧弓

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a facial bone that contributes to the structure of the cheek and forms part of the eye socket

颧骨, 颧骨

颧骨, 颧骨

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maxilla
[名词]

a facial bone that forms the central part of the face, supporting the upper teeth

上颌骨

上颌骨

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patella
[名词]

(anatomy) a small bone triangular in shape that covers and protects the front part of the knee joint

膝盖骨, 髌骨

膝盖骨, 髌骨

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pelvis
[名词]

(anatomy) the large round bone structure that the limbs and the spine are joined to, which also protects the abdominal organs

骨盆, 盆腔

骨盆, 盆腔

Ex: The pelvis is a key component of the human skeletal system , providing support and protection to internal organs .**骨盆**是人类骨骼系统的关键组成部分,为内脏提供支撑和保护。
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quadriceps
[名词]

(anatomy) any of the four large muscles at the front of the thigh that allow the knee joint to stretch

股四头肌

股四头肌

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quad
[名词]

a muscle at the front of the thigh that helps the knee joint stretch

股四头肌, 四头肌

股四头肌, 四头肌

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radius
[名词]

(anatomy) the larger and thicker bone of the human forearm extending from the elbow to the thumb side of the wrist

桡骨, 半径骨

桡骨, 半径骨

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rib
[名词]

each of the curved bones surrounding the chest to protect the organs inside

肋骨

肋骨

Ex: The boxer wore protective padding around his ribs to minimize the risk of injury during the match .拳击手在**肋骨**周围佩戴了防护垫,以尽量减少比赛中的受伤风险。
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ribcage
[名词]

(anatomy) the bony structure in the chest formed by the ribs which protects organs in the thoracic cavity

肋骨, 胸腔

肋骨, 胸腔

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sacrum
[名词]

(anatomy) a large bone at the lower part of the spinal column between the two hip bones of the pelvis

骶骨, 骶骨骨

骶骨, 骶骨骨

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shin bone
[名词]

the inner and larger bone of the pair of bones between the ankle and the knee

胫骨, 小腿骨

胫骨, 小腿骨

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scapula
[名词]

(anatomy) each of the pair of triangular bones that connect the humerus to the clavicle

肩胛骨, 肩胛

肩胛骨, 肩胛

Ex: The scapula has several important bony landmarks , including the acromion and the coracoid process , which serve as attachment points for muscles and ligaments .**肩胛骨**有几个重要的骨性标志,包括肩峰和喙突,它们作为肌肉和韧带的附着点。
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each of the pair of triangular bones that connect the upper arm bone with the collar bone

肩胛骨, 肩胛

肩胛骨, 肩胛

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sinew
[名词]

an elastic cord or band that connects a muscle to a bone

肌腱, 韧带

肌腱, 韧带

Ex: The sinew plays a crucial role in the body’s mechanics, functioning as the connector between muscle and bone.**肌腱**在身体的力学中起着至关重要的作用,作为肌肉和骨骼之间的连接器。
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skeleton
[名词]

the structure of bones supporting the body of an animal or a person

骨架, 骨骼

骨架, 骨骼

Ex: Scientists discovered a dinosaur skeleton in the desert .科学家在沙漠中发现了一具恐龙**骨架**。
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spine
[名词]

the row of small bones that are joined together down the center of the back of the body

脊柱

脊柱

Ex: In yoga , many poses are designed to improve flexibility and strength in the spine.在瑜伽中,许多姿势旨在提高**脊柱**的灵活性和力量。
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sphincter
[名词]

(anatomy) a ring of muscle that can open or close an opening, such as anus, in the body

括约肌, 环形肌

括约肌, 环形肌

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sternum
[名词]

(anatomy) a long flat bone at the center of the chest that connects the ribs to the shoulder girdle

胸骨, 胸部骨头

胸骨, 胸部骨头

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tail bone
[名词]

the small triangular bone at the end of the spinal column in humans or tailless primates

尾骨, 尾椎

尾骨, 尾椎

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tarsal
[名词]

(anatomy) any of the cluster of seven small bones in the foot between the ankle and upper foot

跗骨, 足部骨头

跗骨, 足部骨头

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thighbone
[名词]

the longest bone in the human skeleton which is between the hip and the knee

股骨, 大腿骨

股骨, 大腿骨

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tibia
[名词]

(anatomy) the inner and larger of the two bones between the ankle and the knee

胫骨

胫骨

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triceps
[名词]

(anatomy) the three-headed muscle of the arm that functions as the extensor of the elbow joint

三头肌, 肱三头肌

三头肌, 肱三头肌

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ulna
[名词]

(anatomy) the thinner and longer bone of the human forearm extending from the elbow to the wrist

尺骨, 前臂骨

尺骨, 前臂骨

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vertebra
[名词]

(anatomy) any of the bony segments and cartilages of the spinal column

椎骨, 脊柱节段

椎骨, 脊柱节段

Ex: The human spine consists of 33 vertebra, including the coccyx and sacrum .人类的脊柱由33块**椎骨**组成,包括尾骨和骶骨。
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ossicle
[名词]

a small bone found in the middle ear that helps transmit sound vibrations and facilitate hearing

小骨, 中耳中的小骨头

小骨, 中耳中的小骨头

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fenestra
[名词]

an opening or a hole, particularly in a bone structure

窗, 孔

窗, 孔

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jaw
[名词]

the lower bone of the face containing the chin and the bottom teeth

颌, 下颌

颌, 下颌

Ex: Chewing gum for too long can sometimes cause soreness in the jaw.嚼口香糖时间过长有时会导致**下颌**疼痛。
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