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Corps - Le Système Musculosquelettique

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais liés au système musculo-squelettique, tels que "ligament", "hamstring" et "coccyx".

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Words Related to Body
bone
bone
[nom]

any of the hard pieces making up the skeleton in humans and some animals

os

os

Ex: The athlete's strong bones helped him excel in sports. 
joint
joint
[nom]

a place in the body where two bones meet, enabling one of them to bend or move around

articulation

articulation

Ex: He injured his shoulder joint while playing sports, resulting in limited mobility and pain. 
cartilage

an elastic tissue that supports or connects joints in an infant and turns into skeleton during growth

cartilage

cartilage

Ex: The nose and ears are supported by cartilage rather than bone. 

Le nez et les oreilles sont soutenus par du cartilage plutôt que par des os.

cartilage bone

a transformed cartilaginous structure that has undergone ossification

os cartilagineux, os issu du cartilage

os cartilagineux, os issu du cartilage

ligament

(anatomy) a strong band of tissue which connects two bones or cartilages or keeps organs in place

ligament

ligament

bursa
bursa
[nom]

a fluid-filled sac that reduces friction between tissues such as bones, tendons, and muscles

bourse, bourse séreuse

bourse, bourse séreuse

axial skeleton

the central part of the skeleton that includes the skull, vertebral column, and ribcage

squelette axial, squelette du tronc

squelette axial, squelette du tronc

axial muscle

a single muscle that is located along the central axis of the body, including the head, neck, and trunk

muscle axial, muscle du axe central du corps

muscle axial, muscle du axe central du corps

Achilles tendon

a tendon in the leg that attaches the muscles of the calf to the bone of the heel

tendon d’Achille

tendon d’Achille

Ex: A sudden increase in physical activity can strain the Achilles tendon, leading to a condition known as Achilles tendinitis. 

Une augmentation soudaine de l'activité physique peut solliciter le tendon d'Achille, entraînant une affection connue sous le nom de tendinite d'Achille.

tendon
tendon
[nom]

(anatomy) an elastic cord or band that connects a muscle to a bone

tendon

tendon

Ex: Achilles tendonitis is a common condition affecting the Achilles tendon. 

La tendinite d'Achille est une affection courante affectant le tendon d'Achille.

skull
skull
[nom]

the bony structure of the head that surrounds and protects the brain

crâne

crâne

Ex: Doctors discovered a small fracture in her skull. 
muscle
muscle
[nom]

a piece of body tissue that is made tight or relaxed when we want to move a particular part of our body

muscle

muscle

Ex: Regular exercise can help build and tone muscles. 
hamstring

(anatomy) one of the five tendons at the back of someone's knee

tendon du jarret

tendon du jarret

abductor

(anatomy) a muscle that moves a part of the body away from its normal position by contraction

ravisseur, ravisseuse

ravisseur, ravisseuse

backbone

a line of connected bones going down from your neck to tail bone in the middle of the back

colonne vertébrale

colonne vertébrale

Ex: Regular exercise can help strengthen the muscles around the backbone. 

L'exercice régulier peut aider à renforcer les muscles autour de la colonne vertébrale.

biceps
biceps
[nom]

the large muscle at the front of the upper part of the arm, which flexes the forearm

biceps

biceps

Ex: Weightlifting exercises can build and tone the biceps. 

Les exercices de musculation peuvent développer et tonifier les biceps.

breastbone

a long flat bone at the center of the chest that connects the ribs and the shoulder girdle

sternum

sternum

cheekbone

the bone that is just below the eye

pommette

pommette

Ex: The boxer's opponent landed a powerful punch that fractured his cheekbone, forcing him to withdraw from the match. 

L'adversaire du boxeur a porté un coup puissant qui lui a fracturé l'os de la joue, le forçant à se retirer du match.

ciliary body

(anatomy) the structure that encloses the inner surface of the eye which consists of the muscle which makes the eye move

corps ciliaire

corps ciliaire

clavicle

the long, curved bone that connects the shoulder blade to the sternum

clavicule

clavicule

Ex: The X-ray showed a hairline fracture in the clavicle. 

La radiographie a montré une fracture capillaire dans la clavicule.

collarbone

either of the pair of bones that go across the top of the chest from the base of the neck to the shoulders

clavicule

clavicule

Ex: The x-ray revealed a clean break in the collarbone, requiring immediate medical attention. 

La radiographie a révélé une fracture nette de la clavicule, nécessitant une attention médicale immédiate.

cranium
cranium
[nom]

(anatomy) the bone structure that surrounds and protects the brain

crâne, boîte crânienne

crâne, boîte crânienne

Ex: Skull fractures can occur if there is a severe impact to the cranium. 

Les fractures du crâne peuvent survenir en cas d'impact sévère sur le crâne.

deltoid
deltoid
[nom]

(anatomy) a large muscle, triangular in shape that covers the shoulder joint and helps the arm to abduct and rotate

deltoïde

deltoïde

extensor

a muscle that helps a body part or limb be stretched out by contraction

extenseur

extenseur

Ex: The extensor reflex is an involuntary response that causes the leg to kick out when the knee is tapped. 

Le réflexe extenseur est une réponse involontaire qui provoque un coup de pied lorsque le genou est tapé.

femur
femur
[nom]

(anatomy) the longest bone in the top part of the human leg between the hip and the knee

fémur

fémur

Ex: A fracture of the femur can result from severe trauma, such as a car accident or a significant fall, and often requires surgical repair. 

Une fracture du fémur peut résulter d'un traumatisme grave, comme un accident de voiture ou une chute importante, et nécessite souvent une réparation chirurgicale.

humerus
humerus
[nom]

(anatomy) a long bone in the arm that extends from the shoulder to the elbow

humérus

humérus

fibula
fibula
[nom]

(anatomy) the outer and narrower of the two bones between the ankle and the knee

péroné

péroné

flexor
flexor
[nom]

(anatomy) a muscle that allows one to bend a limb or body part by contraction

fléchisseur

fléchisseur

jawbone
jawbone
[nom]

either of the bones that form the jaw, particularly the lower jaw

maxillaire

maxillaire

Ex: The dentist examined the x-ray images to assess the condition of the patient's jawbone before proceeding with the dental implant surgery. 

Le dentiste a examiné les images radiographiques pour évaluer l'état de la mâchoire du patient avant de procéder à la chirurgie d'implant dentaire.

kneecap
kneecap
[nom]

a small bone that covers the front of the knee joint

rotule

rotule

mandible

(anatomy) (zoology) either half of the jawbone, especially the lower jawbone that helps a vertebrate open and close its mouth

mandibule

mandibule

metatarsal

(anatomy) any of the five bones of the foot between the ankle and the toes

métatarse

métatarse

musculature

(biology) the overall arrangement or the system of muscles in a human or an animal's body

musculature, musculature

musculature, musculature

occipital bone

(anatomy) the trapezoidal bone that is at the base and lower back of the cranium, though which the spinal cord passes

os occipital

os occipital

frontal bone

the singular bone located at the front of the skull, forming the forehead and upper eye sockets for structural support and protection

os frontal, frontal

os frontal, frontal

parietal bone

a cranial bone that forms the sides and roof of the skull, offering protection for the brain

os pariétal, os du pariétal

os pariétal, os du pariétal

sphenoid bone

a butterfly-shaped bone, contributing to its structure and housing important structures

os sphénoïde, os en forme de papillon

os sphénoïde, os en forme de papillon

temporal bone

a cranial bone located on the sides and base of the skull, housing the ear structures and contributing to jaw movement

os temporal, os du temporal

os temporal, os du temporal

zygoma
zygoma
[nom]

a facial bone that forms the prominence of the cheek and connects various other facial bones

zygoma, os zygomatique

zygoma, os zygomatique

zygomatic bone

a facial bone that contributes to the structure of the cheek and forms part of the eye socket

os zygomatique, pommette

os zygomatique, pommette

maxilla
maxilla
[nom]

a facial bone that forms the central part of the face, supporting the upper teeth

maxillaire

maxillaire

patella
patella
[nom]

(anatomy) a small bone triangular in shape that covers and protects the front part of the knee joint

rotule

rotule

pelvis
pelvis
[nom]

(anatomy) the large round bone structure that the limbs and the spine are joined to, which also protects the abdominal organs

pelvis

pelvis

Ex: The pelvis provides support for the spine and connects the upper body to the lower limbs, serving as the foundation for posture and movement. 

Le bassin fournit un soutien à la colonne vertébrale et relie le haut du corps aux membres inférieurs, servant de fondation pour la posture et le mouvement.

quadriceps

(anatomy) any of the four large muscles at the front of the thigh that allow the knee joint to stretch

quadriceps

quadriceps

quad
quad
[nom]

a muscle at the front of the thigh that helps the knee joint stretch

quadruplé

quadruplé

radius
radius
[nom]

the outer and slightly shorter of the two bones of the human forearm

radius

radius

Ex: X-rays showed a clean break of the radius. 

Les rayons X ont montré une fracture nette du radius.

rib
rib
[nom]

each of the curved bones surrounding the chest to protect the organs inside

côte

côte

Ex: She felt a sharp pain in her ribs after lifting a heavy object. 
ribcage
ribcage
[nom]

(anatomy) the bony structure in the chest formed by the ribs which protects organs in the thoracic cavity

cage thoracique

cage thoracique

sacrum
sacrum
[nom]

(anatomy) a large bone at the lower part of the spinal column between the two hip bones of the pelvis

sacrum

sacrum

shin bone

the inner and larger bone of the pair of bones between the ankle and the knee

tibia

tibia

scapula
scapula
[nom]

(anatomy) each of the pair of triangular bones that connect the humerus to the clavicle

omoplate

omoplate

Ex: The muscles surrounding the scapula, such as the rotator cuff muscles, help facilitate a wide range of shoulder movements, including lifting, rotating, and stabilizing the arm. 

Les muscles entourant l'omoplate, tels que les muscles de la coiffe des rotateurs, aident à faciliter une large gamme de mouvements de l'épaule, y compris le soulèvement, la rotation et la stabilisation du bras.

shoulder blade

each of the pair of triangular bones that connect the upper arm bone with the collar bone

omoplate

omoplate

sinew
sinew
[nom]

an elastic cord or band that connects a muscle to a bone

tendon

tendon

Ex: In anatomy class, we learned that a sinew is made up of tough, fibrous tissue. 

En classe d'anatomie, nous avons appris qu'un tendon est constitué de tissu fibreux résistant.

skeleton

the structure of bones supporting the body of an animal or a person

squelette

squelette

Ex: Archaeologists carefully examined the ancient skeleton. 

Les archéologues ont soigneusement examiné l'ancien squelette.

spine
spine
[nom]

the column of connected bones running down the back that supports the body and protects the spinal cord

colonne vertébrale

colonne vertébrale

Ex: The doctor examined Daniel's spine after the fall. 
sphincter

(anatomy) a ring of muscle that can open or close an opening, such as anus, in the body

sphincter

sphincter

sternum
sternum
[nom]

(anatomy) a long flat bone at the center of the chest that connects the ribs to the shoulder girdle

sternum

sternum

tail bone

the small triangular bone at the end of the spinal column in humans or tailless primates

coccyx

coccyx

tarsal
tarsal
[nom]

(anatomy) any of the cluster of seven small bones in the foot between the ankle and upper foot

tarse

tarse

thighbone

the longest bone in the human skeleton which is between the hip and the knee

fémur

fémur

tibia
tibia
[nom]

(anatomy) the inner and larger of the two bones between the ankle and the knee

tibia

tibia

triceps
triceps
[nom]

(anatomy) the three-headed muscle of the arm that functions as the extensor of the elbow joint

triceps

triceps

ulna
ulna
[nom]

(anatomy) the thinner and longer bone of the human forearm extending from the elbow to the wrist

ulna

ulna

vertebra

(anatomy) any of the bony segments and cartilages of the spinal column

vertèbre

vertèbre

Ex: The vertebra are stacked on top of each other, separated by intervertebral discs. 

Les vertèbres sont empilées les unes sur les autres, séparées par des disques intervertébraux.

ossicle
ossicle
[nom]

a small bone found in the middle ear that helps transmit sound vibrations and facilitate hearing

osselet, petit os de l'oreille moyenne

osselet, petit os de l'oreille moyenne

fenestra

an opening or a hole, particularly in a bone structure

fenêtre, ouverture

fenêtre, ouverture

jaw
jaw
[nom]

the lower jawbone or the part of the face covering it

mâchoire

mâchoire

Ex: Emma rested her chin on her hand and rubbed her jaw. 
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