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Corps - Le Système Musculosquelettique

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais liés au système musculo-squelettique, tels que "ligament", "hamstring" et "coccyx".

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bone
bone
[nom]

any of the hard pieces making up the skeleton in humans and some animals

os

os

Ex: The surgeon performed a bone graft to repair the damaged bone.

Le chirurgien a effectué une greffe osseuse pour réparer l'os endommagé.

joint
joint
[nom]

a place in the body where two bones meet, enabling one of them to bend or move around

articulation

articulation

Ex: He underwent surgery to repair a damaged joint in his thumb , restoring functionality and relieving pain .

Il a subi une intervention chirurgicale pour réparer une articulation endommagée dans son pouce, rétablissant la fonctionnalité et soulageant la douleur.

cartilage

an elastic tissue that supports or connects joints in an infant and turns into skeleton during growth

cartilage

cartilage

Ex: Chondrocytes are cells responsible for producing and maintaining cartilage.

Les chondrocytes sont des cellules responsables de la production et du maintien du cartilage.

cartilage bone

a transformed cartilaginous structure that has undergone ossification

os cartilagineux, os issu du cartilage

os cartilagineux, os issu du cartilage

ligament

(anatomy) a strong band of tissue which connects two bones or cartilages or keeps organs in place

ligament

ligament

bursa
bursa
[nom]

a fluid-filled sac that reduces friction between tissues such as bones, tendons, and muscles

bourse, bourse séreuse

bourse, bourse séreuse

axial skeleton

the central part of the skeleton that includes the skull, vertebral column, and ribcage

squelette axial, squelette du tronc

squelette axial, squelette du tronc

axial muscle

a single muscle that is located along the central axis of the body, including the head, neck, and trunk

muscle axial, muscle du axe central du corps

muscle axial, muscle du axe central du corps

Achilles tendon

a tendon in the leg that attaches the muscles of the calf to the bone of the heel

tendon d’Achille

tendon d’Achille

Ex: Stretching and strengthening exercises can help prevent injuries to the Achilles tendon by improving flexibility and resilience .

Les exercices d'étirement et de renforcement peuvent aider à prévenir les blessures du tendon d'Achille en améliorant la flexibilité et la résilience.

tendon
tendon
[nom]

(anatomy) an elastic cord or band that connects a muscle to a bone

tendon

tendon

Ex: Tendons are composed primarily of collagen fibers .

Les tendons sont principalement composés de fibres de collagène.

skull
skull
[nom]

the bony structure that surrounds and provides protection for a person's or animal's brain

crâne

crâne

Ex: The skull protects the brain , one of the most vital organs in the body .

Le crâne protège le cerveau, l'un des organes les plus vitaux du corps.

muscle
muscle
[nom]

a piece of body tissue that is made tight or relaxed when we want to move a particular part of our body

muscle

muscle

Ex: The weightlifter 's strong muscles helped him lift heavy weights .

Les muscles forts de l'haltérophile l'ont aidé à soulever des poids lourds.

hamstring

(anatomy) one of the five tendons at the back of someone's knee

tendon du jarret

tendon du jarret

abductor

(anatomy) a muscle that moves a part of the body away from its normal position by contraction

ravisseur, ravisseuse

ravisseur, ravisseuse

backbone

a line of connected bones going down from your neck to tail bone in the middle of the back

colonne vertébrale

colonne vertébrale

Ex: The yoga instructor emphasized the importance of stretching the backbone in class .

L'instructeur de yoga a souligné l'importance d'étirer la colonne vertébrale en classe.

biceps
biceps
[nom]

the large muscle at the front of the upper part of the arm, which flexes the forearm

biceps

biceps

Ex: Swelling and pain in the biceps can result from overuse or injury .

Un gonflement et une douleur dans le biceps peuvent résulter d'une surutilisation ou d'une blessure.

breastbone

a long flat bone at the center of the chest that connects the ribs and the shoulder girdle

sternum

sternum

cheekbone

the bone that is just below the eye

pommette

pommette

Ex: She admired her grandmother 's high cheekbones, a trait that seemed to run in the family .

Elle admirait les pommettes hautes de sa grand-mère, un trait qui semblait courir dans la famille.

ciliary body

(anatomy) the structure that encloses the inner surface of the eye which consists of the muscle which makes the eye move

corps ciliaire

corps ciliaire

clavicle

the long, curved bone that connects the shoulder blade to the sternum

clavicule

clavicule

Ex: The clavicle helps stabilize shoulder movement .

La clavicule aide à stabiliser le mouvement de l'épaule.

collarbone

either of the pair of bones that go across the top of the chest from the base of the neck to the shoulders

clavicule

clavicule

Ex: The athlete 's strong collarbone structure helped support the weight of heavy lifting .

La structure solide de la clavicule de l'athlète a aidé à supporter le poids des charges lourdes.

cranium
cranium
[nom]

(anatomy) the bone structure that surrounds and protects the brain

crâne, boîte crânienne

crâne, boîte crânienne

Ex: The cranium is essential for maintaining the shape and structure of the head .

Le crâne est essentiel pour maintenir la forme et la structure de la tête.

deltoid
deltoid
[nom]

(anatomy) a large muscle, triangular in shape that covers the shoulder joint and helps the arm to abduct and rotate

deltoïde

deltoïde

extensor

a muscle that helps a body part or limb be stretched out by contraction

extenseur

extenseur

Ex: Physical therapy exercises focused on strengthening the extensor muscles following the patient's knee surgery.

Les exercices de physiothérapie se concentrent sur le renforcement des muscles extenseurs suite à l'opération du genou du patient.

femur
femur
[nom]

(anatomy) the longest bone in the top part of the human leg between the hip and the knee

fémur

fémur

Ex: The femur plays a crucial role in supporting the weight of the body and enabling activities such as walking , running , and jumping .

Le fémur joue un rôle crucial dans le support du poids du corps et permet des activités comme marcher, courir et sauter.

humerus
humerus
[nom]

(anatomy) a long bone in the arm that extends from the shoulder to the elbow

humérus

humérus

fibula
fibula
[nom]

(anatomy) the outer and narrower of the two bones between the ankle and the knee

péroné

péroné

flexor
flexor
[nom]

(anatomy) a muscle that allows one to bend a limb or body part by contraction

fléchisseur

fléchisseur

jawbone
jawbone
[nom]

either of the bones that form the jaw, particularly the lower jaw

maxillaire

maxillaire

Ex: The chewing motion of the jawbone allows for the grinding and breaking down of food during digestion .

Le mouvement de mastication de l'os de la mâchoire permet le broyage et la décomposition des aliments pendant la digestion.

kneecap
kneecap
[nom]

a small bone that covers the front of the knee joint

rotule

rotule

mandible

(anatomy) (zoology) either half of the jawbone, especially the lower jawbone that helps a vertebrate open and close its mouth

mandibule

mandibule

metatarsal

(anatomy) any of the five bones of the foot between the ankle and the toes

métatarse

métatarse

musculature

(biology) the overall arrangement or the system of muscles in a human or an animal's body

musculature, musculature

musculature, musculature

occipital bone

(anatomy) the trapezoidal bone that is at the base and lower back of the cranium, though which the spinal cord passes

os occipital

os occipital

frontal bone

the singular bone located at the front of the skull, forming the forehead and upper eye sockets for structural support and protection

os frontal, frontal

os frontal, frontal

parietal bone

a cranial bone that forms the sides and roof of the skull, offering protection for the brain

os pariétal, os du pariétal

os pariétal, os du pariétal

sphenoid bone

a butterfly-shaped bone, contributing to its structure and housing important structures

os sphénoïde, os en forme de papillon

os sphénoïde, os en forme de papillon

temporal bone

a cranial bone located on the sides and base of the skull, housing the ear structures and contributing to jaw movement

os temporal, os du temporal

os temporal, os du temporal

zygoma
zygoma
[nom]

a facial bone that forms the prominence of the cheek and connects various other facial bones

zygoma, os zygomatique

zygoma, os zygomatique

zygomatic bone

a facial bone that contributes to the structure of the cheek and forms part of the eye socket

os zygomatique, pommette

os zygomatique, pommette

maxilla
maxilla
[nom]

a facial bone that forms the central part of the face, supporting the upper teeth

maxillaire

maxillaire

patella
patella
[nom]

(anatomy) a small bone triangular in shape that covers and protects the front part of the knee joint

rotule

rotule

pelvis
pelvis
[nom]

(anatomy) the large round bone structure that the limbs and the spine are joined to, which also protects the abdominal organs

pelvis

pelvis

Ex: The pelvis is a key component of the human skeletal system , providing support and protection to internal organs .

Le bassin est un élément clé du système squelettique humain, offrant un soutien et une protection aux organes internes.

quadriceps

(anatomy) any of the four large muscles at the front of the thigh that allow the knee joint to stretch

quadriceps

quadriceps

quad
quad
[nom]

a muscle at the front of the thigh that helps the knee joint stretch

quadruplé

quadruplé

radius
radius
[nom]

the outer and slightly shorter of the two bones of the human forearm

radius

radius

Ex: Strength exercises help protect the radius.

Les exercices de force aident à protéger le radius.

rib
rib
[nom]

each of the curved bones surrounding the chest to protect the organs inside

côte

côte

Ex: The boxer wore protective padding around his ribs to minimize the risk of injury during the match .

Le boxeur portait des protections autour de ses côtes pour minimiser le risque de blessure pendant le match.

ribcage
ribcage
[nom]

(anatomy) the bony structure in the chest formed by the ribs which protects organs in the thoracic cavity

cage thoracique

cage thoracique

sacrum
sacrum
[nom]

(anatomy) a large bone at the lower part of the spinal column between the two hip bones of the pelvis

sacrum

sacrum

shin bone

the inner and larger bone of the pair of bones between the ankle and the knee

tibia

tibia

scapula
scapula
[nom]

(anatomy) each of the pair of triangular bones that connect the humerus to the clavicle

omoplate

omoplate

Ex: The scapula has several important bony landmarks , including the acromion and the coracoid process , which serve as attachment points for muscles and ligaments .

L'omoplate a plusieurs repères osseux importants, y compris l'acromion et le processus coracoïde, qui servent de points d'attache pour les muscles et les ligaments.

shoulder blade

each of the pair of triangular bones that connect the upper arm bone with the collar bone

omoplate

omoplate

sinew
sinew
[nom]

an elastic cord or band that connects a muscle to a bone

tendon

tendon

Ex: The sinew plays a crucial role in the body’s mechanics, functioning as the connector between muscle and bone.

Le tendon joue un rôle crucial dans la mécanique du corps, fonctionnant comme le connecteur entre le muscle et l'os.

skeleton

the structure of bones supporting the body of an animal or a person

squelette

squelette

Ex: Scientists discovered a dinosaur skeleton in the desert .

Les scientifiques ont découvert un squelette de dinosaure dans le désert.

spine
spine
[nom]

the row of small bones that are joined together down the center of the back of the body

colonne vertébrale

colonne vertébrale

Ex: In yoga , many poses are designed to improve flexibility and strength in the spine.

Dans le yoga, de nombreuses postures sont conçues pour améliorer la flexibilité et la force de la colonne vertébrale.

sphincter

(anatomy) a ring of muscle that can open or close an opening, such as anus, in the body

sphincter

sphincter

sternum
sternum
[nom]

(anatomy) a long flat bone at the center of the chest that connects the ribs to the shoulder girdle

sternum

sternum

tail bone

the small triangular bone at the end of the spinal column in humans or tailless primates

coccyx

coccyx

tarsal
tarsal
[nom]

(anatomy) any of the cluster of seven small bones in the foot between the ankle and upper foot

tarse

tarse

thighbone

the longest bone in the human skeleton which is between the hip and the knee

fémur

fémur

tibia
tibia
[nom]

(anatomy) the inner and larger of the two bones between the ankle and the knee

tibia

tibia

triceps
triceps
[nom]

(anatomy) the three-headed muscle of the arm that functions as the extensor of the elbow joint

triceps

triceps

ulna
ulna
[nom]

(anatomy) the thinner and longer bone of the human forearm extending from the elbow to the wrist

ulna

ulna

vertebra

(anatomy) any of the bony segments and cartilages of the spinal column

vertèbre

vertèbre

Ex: The human spine consists of 33 vertebra, including the coccyx and sacrum .

La colonne vertébrale humaine est composée de 33 vertèbres, y compris le coccyx et le sacrum.

ossicle
ossicle
[nom]

a small bone found in the middle ear that helps transmit sound vibrations and facilitate hearing

osselet, petit os de l'oreille moyenne

osselet, petit os de l'oreille moyenne

fenestra

an opening or a hole, particularly in a bone structure

fenêtre, ouverture

fenêtre, ouverture

jaw
jaw
[nom]

the lower bone of the face containing the chin and the bottom teeth

mâchoire

mâchoire

Ex: Chewing gum for too long can sometimes cause soreness in the jaw.

Mâcher du chewing-gum trop longtemps peut parfois causer des douleurs dans la mâchoire.

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