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Čtenářská Gramotnost pro Zkoušku ACT - Mentální schopnosti a selhání

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s duševními schopnostmi a neúspěchy, jako jsou "pominutý", "zanedbání", "rozmar" atd., která vám pomohou uspět u vašich ACT.

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Essential Vocabulary for ACT
acumen
acumen
[Podstatné jméno]

sharp judgment and quick decision-making, especially in practical or professional matters

bystrost, prozíravost

bystrost, prozíravost

Ex: Her business acumen helped the company grow quickly. 
attentiveness
attentiveness
[Podstatné jméno]

the quality of being alert and paying close attention to things

pozornost, bdělost

pozornost, bdělost

Ex: Her attentiveness in class earned her high grades on exams. 
vigilance
vigilance
[Podstatné jméno]

the state or quality of being watchful and attentive, especially to detect potential danger or problems

bdělost, pozornost

bdělost, pozornost

Ex: The security guard's vigilance prevented unauthorized access to the building. 
inference
inference
[Podstatné jméno]

a conclusion one reaches from the existing evidence or known facts

závěr, usuzování

závěr, usuzování

Ex: The detective made a crucial inference about the suspect's alibi based on the new evidence. 
cognition
cognition
[Podstatné jméno]

the result of a mental processing or understanding

poznání, kognice

poznání, kognice

deduction
deduction
[Podstatné jméno]

the process of using general rules or ideas to make a specific conclusion

dedukce, deduktivní uvažování

dedukce, deduktivní uvažování

Ex: The detective used logical deduction to identify the culprit from the available clues. 
facility
facility
[Podstatné jméno]

the quality of performing tasks or activities with ease and without difficulty

snadnost, dovednost

snadnost, dovednost

Ex: She played the piano with such facility that it seemed effortless. 
instinct
instinct
[Podstatné jméno]

a natural reaction or behavior that occurs automatically, without conscious thought or reasoning

instinkt, pud

instinkt, pud

Ex: The mother bird followed her instinct to build a nest and protect her eggs. 
intuition
intuition
[Podstatné jméno]

the ability to understand or know something immediately, without conscious reasoning or evidence

intuice, pocit

intuice, pocit

Ex: She had an intuition that the plan would succeed. 
genius
genius
[Podstatné jméno]

an exceptional mental ability or talent that is unique and outstanding

génius, výjimečný talent

génius, výjimečný talent

Ex: Einstein's genius changed how we understand physics. 
subconscious
subconscious
[Podstatné jméno]

the part of the mind that is not currently in focused awareness, but still influences thoughts, feelings, and behavior, often through automatic or involuntary processes

podvědomí, nevědomí

podvědomí, nevědomí

Ex: His subconscious kept bringing up memories he had forgotten. 
aspiration
aspiration
[Podstatné jméno]

a strong drive or determination to succeed or achieve excellence

aspirace, ambice

aspirace, ambice

Ex: Her aspiration pushed her to complete the marathon. 
ambition
ambition
[Podstatné jméno]

the will to obtain wealth, power, success, etc.

ambice, touha po úspěchu

ambice, touha po úspěchu

Ex: Fueled by boundless ambition, the young entrepreneur launched her tech startup despite the crowded market. 
whim
whim
[Podstatné jméno]

a sudden and impulsive decision or desire that someone has without much thought or reason behind it

rozmar, impulz

rozmar, impulz

Ex: On a whim, she decided to drive to the beach instead of going to work. 
competence
competence
[Podstatné jméno]

the ability to perform tasks effectively and efficiently, demonstrating both physical and intellectual readiness

kompetence, schopnost

kompetence, schopnost

Ex: His competence in handling financial matters ensured the company's stability during economic downturns. 
acuteness
acuteness
[Podstatné jméno]

a sharp intelligence, able to understand things deeply and quickly

bystrost, pronikavost

bystrost, pronikavost

Ex: His acuteness in math helped him solve problems quickly. 
initiative
initiative
[Podstatné jméno]

the willingness to take action and start new things without being prompted or directed

iniciativa, duch iniciativy

iniciativa, duch iniciativy

Ex: Her initiative in organizing the event impressed everyone. 
precaution
precaution
[Podstatné jméno]

the tendency or habit of exercising caution and foresight to prevent problems

opatrnost, předvídavost

opatrnost, předvídavost

Ex: Her precaution saved the team from potential errors. 
psyche
psyche
[Podstatné jméno]

the immaterial or nonphysical aspect of a person

duše, psychika

duše, psychika

Ex: Many cultures believe the psyche survives after death. 
to recall
to recall
[sloveso]

to bring back something from the memory

vzpomenout si, připomenout

vzpomenout si, připomenout

Ex: She could recall the details of the conversation with remarkable clarity. 
to recollect
to recollect
[sloveso]

to bring to mind past memories or experiences

vzpomenout si, připomenout

vzpomenout si, připomenout

Ex: The author's memoir helped readers recollect the historical events of that era. 
to improvise
to improvise
[sloveso]

to create and perform words of a play, music, etc. on impulse and without preparation, particularly because one is forced to do so

improvizovat, vymýšlet na místě

improvizovat, vymýšlet na místě

Ex: When the actor forgot his lines, he had to improvise to keep the scene going. 
to beware
to beware
[sloveso]

to warn someone to be cautious of a dangerous person or thing

dávat pozor, mít se na pozoru

dávat pozor, mít se na pozoru

Ex: Beware of the icy conditions on the roads; drive carefully. 
to distract
to distract
[sloveso]

to cause someone to lose their focus or attention from something they were doing or thinking about

rozptylovat, odvádět pozornost

rozptylovat, odvádět pozornost

Ex: During the important meeting, the constant tapping of a pen began to distract everyone in the room. 
to familiarize

to make someone acquainted with something

seznámit, zvyknout

seznámit, zvyknout

Ex: The guide familiarized the tourists with the history of the ancient monument. 
to foretell
to foretell
[sloveso]

to predict or say in advance what will happen in the future

předpovídat, věštit

předpovídat, věštit

Ex: She said her grandmother had the ability to foretell when someone was about to visit. 
to foresee
to foresee
[sloveso]

to know or predict something before it happens

předvídat, předpovídat

předvídat, předpovídat

Ex: Despite all their planning, they didn't foresee the power outage during the event. 
to heed
to heed
[sloveso]

to be attentive to advice or a warning

dávat pozor na, poslouchat

dávat pozor na, poslouchat

Ex: It's important to heed the advice of experienced hikers when trekking in unfamiliar terrain. 
impressionable
impressionable
[Přídavné jméno]

easily influenced or affected by others or external factors, especially due to a lack of experience or critical judgment

ovlivnitelný, dojemný

ovlivnitelný, dojemný

Ex: Young children are often impressionable, absorbing ideas and behaviors from their surroundings. 
impervious
impervious
[Přídavné jméno]

resistant to being affected or damaged by something

nepropustný, necitlivý

nepropustný, necitlivý

Ex: His thick skin seemed impervious to criticism. 
cognizant
cognizant
[Přídavné jméno]

having knowledge or awareness about something

vědomý, informovaný

vědomý, informovaný

Ex: She was cognizant of the importance of punctuality in her profession. 
astute
astute
[Přídavné jméno]

having a clever and practical ability to make wise and effective decisions

bystrý, chytlavý

bystrý, chytlavý

Ex: Having an astute understanding of business, she made shrewd investment decisions. 
savvy
savvy
[Přídavné jméno]

possessing practical knowledge, expertise, or understanding in a particular domain

zkušený, znalý

zkušený, znalý

Ex: She is a savvy investor, always knowing when to buy and sell stocks for maximum profit. 
sagacious
sagacious
[Přídavné jméno]

having keen, farsighted judgment and the ability to discern deeply and wisely

moudrý, prozíravý

moudrý, prozíravý

Ex: The sagacious leader quickly identified the root of the problem and implemented effective solutions. 
shrewd
shrewd
[Přídavné jméno]

having or showing good judgement, especially in business or politics

prohnaný, prozíravý

prohnaný, prozíravý

Ex: The shrewd businessman knew when to invest and when to hold back, ensuring steady growth for his company. 
sentient
sentient
[Přídavné jméno]

possessing the ability to experience, feel, or perceive things through the senses

citlivý, vědomý

citlivý, vědomý

Ex: The robot was designed to mimic human behavior but was not truly sentient. 
conscious
conscious
[Přídavné jméno]

aware of and responsive to one's surroundings

při vědomí, bdělý

při vědomí, bdělý

Ex: After the fall, she was fully conscious and able to speak. 
perceptive
perceptive
[Přídavné jméno]

(of a person) able to quickly and accurately understand or notice things due to keen awareness and insight

vnímavý, perceptivní

vnímavý, perceptivní

Ex: She is very perceptive and notices details others overlook. 
imaginative
imaginative
[Přídavné jméno]

displaying or having creativity or originality

nápaditý, tvořivý

nápaditý, tvořivý

Ex: The children's imaginative play transformed the living room into a magical kingdom. 
imprudence
imprudence
[Podstatné jméno]

the quality of making decisions or taking actions without considering potential risks or consequences

neopatrnost

neopatrnost

Ex: His imprudence in spending money quickly led to financial troubles. 
folly
folly
[Podstatné jméno]

the quality of behaving in a foolish or reckless manner, often without considering the consequences

pošetilost, lehkomyslnost

pošetilost, lehkomyslnost

Ex: It was folly to invest all his savings in a risky business venture. 
trance
trance
[Podstatné jméno]

a mental state characterized by a fragile consciousness and reduced ability for voluntary action, often resembling a deep sleep

trans, stav transu

trans, stav transu

Ex: After hours of intense focus, she slipped into a trance-like state of deep concentration. 
ignorance
ignorance
[Podstatné jméno]

the fact or state of not having the necessary information, knowledge, or understanding of something

nevědomost

nevědomost

Ex: His ignorance of the subject was evident when he gave incorrect answers during the discussion. 
delusion
delusion
[Podstatné jméno]

(psychology) a mental condition in which a person has a false belief system that is contradicted by evidence

blud,  iluze

blud, iluze

delirium
delirium
[Podstatné jméno]

a state of extreme mental confusion, often accompanied by confused or unclear thoughts or speech

delirium, stav extrémní mentální zmatenosti

delirium, stav extrémní mentální zmatenosti

insanity
insanity
[Podstatné jméno]

a state of severe mental disorder affecting a person's ability to understand reality, think rationally, or behave in a socially acceptable manner

šílenství, duševní porucha

šílenství, duševní porucha

Ex: Legal defense of insanity is for those unfit for trial due to mental issues. 
incapacity
incapacity
[Podstatné jméno]

the lack of intellectual or mental power to do something

neschopnost, nekompetentnost

neschopnost, nekompetentnost

Ex: The student's learning disabilities resulted in an incapacity to grasp mathematical concepts and required additional support in the classroom. 
hallucination
hallucination
[Podstatné jméno]

a perceptual experience in which an individual perceives something that is not present in the external environment

halucinace, iluze

halucinace, iluze

Ex: Auditory hallucinations may involve hearing voices or sounds that others cannot perceive. 
fallacy
fallacy
[Podstatné jméno]

a false idea or belief based on invalid arguments, often one that many people think is true

klam, klamavost

klam, klamavost

Ex: The belief that all politicians are corrupt because a few have been involved in scandals is a fallacy, as it relies on a hasty generalization and ignores the many politicians who act with integrity. 
misconception
misconception
[Podstatné jméno]

a mistaken or inaccurate belief or understanding about something

omyl, mylná představa

omyl, mylná představa

Ex: There is a common misconception that all snakes are venomous. 
to neglect
to neglect
[sloveso]

to pay little or no attention to something or someone, often leading to issues or problems

zanedbávat, ignorovat

zanedbávat, ignorovat

Ex: The company neglected the warnings about the changing market trends, and now they face financial challenges. 
to disregard
to disregard
[sloveso]

to intentionally ignore or act without concern for something or someone that deserves consideration

ignorovat, přehlížet

ignorovat, přehlížet

Ex: The boss disregarded safety protocols and put workers at risk. 
to misinterpret

to understand or explain something incorrectly

špatně interpretovat, nesprávně chápat

špatně interpretovat, nesprávně chápat

Ex: She misinterpreted his words and thought he was upset when he wasn't. 
to overlook
to overlook
[sloveso]

to not notice or see something

přehlédnout, opominout

přehlédnout, opominout

Ex: In her haste, she might overlook the important details in the document. 
oblivious
oblivious
[Přídavné jméno]

lacking conscious awareness of something

nevědomý, nevědoucí

nevědomý, nevědoucí

Ex: Despite the loud noise, the baby remained oblivious, peacefully sleeping in her crib. 
deranged
deranged
[Přídavné jméno]

incapable of behaving normally or thinking clearly due to mental illness

pominutý, šílený

pominutý, šílený

Ex: His deranged behavior alarmed everyone at the party. 
insensible
insensible
[Přídavné jméno]

not noticing or caring about something

necítící, lhostejný

necítící, lhostejný

Ex: Despite the noise, he remained insensible to the commotion outside. 
naive
naive
[Přídavné jméno]

lacking experience, wisdom, or understanding about the world, often resulting in being overly trusting or easily deceived

naivní, nezkušený

naivní, nezkušený

Ex: The naive approach to software development led to significant bugs in the program. 
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