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Compétence en Lecture pour l'Examen ACT - Capacités et défaillances mentales

Apprenez le vocabulaire ACT pour l'intelligence, la mémoire, le jugement, le raisonnement, la confusion, les erreurs, les limitations et les échecs dans les performances mentales.

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Essential Vocabulary for ACT
acumen
acumen
[nom]

sharp judgment and quick decision-making, especially in practical or professional matters

perspicacité, sagacité

perspicacité, sagacité

Ex: He showed strong political acumen during the campaign. 

Il a fait preuve d'une forte acuité politique pendant la campagne.

attentiveness

the quality of being alert and paying close attention to things

attention, vigilance

attention, vigilance

Ex: The lifeguard's attentiveness prevented accidents at the pool. 

La vigilance du maître-nageur a empêché des accidents à la piscine.

vigilance

the state or quality of being watchful and attentive, especially to detect potential danger or problems

vigilance, attention

vigilance, attention

Ex: Vigilance on the battlefield ensures soldiers remain aware of their surroundings. 

La vigilance sur le champ de bataille assure que les soldats restent conscients de leur environnement.

inference

a conclusion one reaches from the existing evidence or known facts

déduction, inférence

déduction, inférence

Ex: The scientist's groundbreaking discovery was the result of careful observations and logical inferences. 

La découverte révolutionnaire du scientifique était le résultat d'observations attentives et d'inférences logiques.

cognition

the result of a mental processing or understanding

cognition

cognition

deduction

the process of using general rules or ideas to make a specific conclusion

déduction, raisonnement déductif

déduction, raisonnement déductif

Ex: Using deduction, she figured out the answer to the puzzle. 

En utilisant la déduction, elle a trouvé la réponse à l'énigme.

facility

the quality of performing tasks or activities with ease and without difficulty

aisance, facilité

aisance, facilité

Ex: His facility in languages allowed him to quickly pick up new ones. 
instinct

a natural tendency or ability to behave or react in a particular way without conscious thought or learning

instinct

instinct

Ex: Emma's first instinct was to call for help. 
intuition

the ability to understand or know something immediately, without conscious reasoning or evidence

intuition

intuition

Ex: Experienced doctors often rely on intuition in emergency situations. 

Les médecins expérimentés s'appuient souvent sur l'intuition dans les situations d'urgence.

genius
genius
[nom]

an exceptional mental ability or talent that is unique and outstanding

génie, talent exceptionnel

génie, talent exceptionnel

Ex: Mozart's musical genius created timeless music. 
subconscious

the part of the mind that is not currently in focused awareness, but still influences thoughts, feelings, and behavior, often through automatic or involuntary processes

subconscient

subconscient

Ex: Fears buried in the subconscious can affect daily behavior. 

Les peurs enfouies dans le subconscient peuvent affecter le comportement quotidien.

aspiration

a strong desire to achieve success or accomplish something important

aspiration

aspiration

Ex: His talent was matched by an extraordinary aspiration to succeed. 
ambition

a strong desire to achieve success, power, wealth, or distinction

ambition

ambition

Ex: His political ambition became stronger as his career advanced. 
whim
whim
[nom]

a sudden and impulsive decision or desire that someone has without much thought or reason behind it

caprice, coup de tête, lubie, tocade, passade

caprice, coup de tête, lubie, tocade, passade

Ex: When her plans for the evening fell through, she acted on a whim and went out to see a movie by herself instead. 

Lorsque ses plans pour la soirée sont tombés à l'eau, elle a agi sur un caprice et est sortie voir un film toute seule à la place.

competence

the ability and skill needed to do something well or effectively

compétence

compétence

Ex: The job requires a high level of technical competence. 
acuteness

a sharp intelligence, able to understand things deeply and quickly

acuité, perspicacité

acuité, perspicacité

Ex: The detective's acuteness in observing details solved the case. 

L'acuité du détective à observer les détails a résolu l'affaire.

initiative

the willingness to take action and start new things without being prompted or directed

initiative, esprit d'initiative

initiative, esprit d'initiative

Ex: The company values employees who show initiative and leadership. 
precaution

the tendency or habit of exercising caution and foresight to prevent problems

précaution, prévoyance

précaution, prévoyance

Ex: He approached the negotiations with great precaution. 

Il a abordé les négociations avec une grande précaution.

psyche
psyche
[nom]

the immaterial or nonphysical aspect of a person

l'âme, l'esprit

l'âme, l'esprit

Ex: Yoga aims to harmonize body, mind, and psyche. 

Le yoga vise à harmoniser le corps, l'esprit et la psyché.

to recall
to recall
[verbe]

to bring back something from the memory

se rappeler

se rappeler

Ex: The professor encouraged students to recall key concepts during the exam. 
to recollect

to bring to mind past memories or experiences

se rappeler

se rappeler

Ex: Seeing the old yearbook made her recollect the antics of her high school friends. 

Voir le vieil annuaire lui a fait se remémorer les facéties de ses amis du lycée.

to improvise

to create and perform words of a play, music, etc. on impulse and without preparation, particularly because one is forced to do so

improviser

improviser

Ex: Musicians often improvise solos during live performances for added spontaneity. 

Les musiciens improvisent souvent des solos lors de performances en direct pour ajouter de la spontanéité.

to beware
to beware
[verbe]

to warn someone to be cautious of a dangerous person or thing

faire attention à, prendre garde à

faire attention à, prendre garde à

Ex: Travelers are warned to beware of pickpockets in crowded tourist areas. 

Les voyageurs sont avertis de se méfier des pickpockets dans les zones touristiques bondées.

to distract

to cause someone to lose their focus or attention from something they were doing or thinking about

distraire, détourner l'attention

distraire, détourner l'attention

Ex: The noisy construction outside the window tended to distract her from studying for exams. 

Le bruit de la construction à l'extérieur de la fenêtre avait tendance à la distraire de ses études pour les examens.

to familiarize

to make someone acquainted with something

familiariser, accoutumer

familiariser, accoutumer

Ex: New employees attend an orientation to familiarize themselves with company policies. 

Les nouveaux employés assistent à une orientation pour se familiariser avec les politiques de l'entreprise.

to foretell

to predict or say in advance what will happen in the future

prédire

prédire

Ex: Some believe that certain dreams can foretell upcoming events. 

Certains croient que certains rêves peuvent prédire les événements à venir.

to foresee
to foresee
[verbe]

to know or predict something before it happens

prévoir, anticiper

prévoir, anticiper

Ex: After studying the market trends, he could foresee a drop in sales. 

Après avoir étudié les tendances du marché, il a pu prévoir une baisse des ventes.

to heed
to heed
[verbe]

to be attentive to advice or a warning

prêter attention, faire attention

prêter attention, faire attention

Ex: She failed to heed the warning signs and ended up getting lost in the forest. 

Elle n'a pas prêté attention aux signes d'avertissement et a fini par se perdre dans la forêt.

impressionable
impressionable
[Adjectif]

easily influenced or affected by others or external factors, especially due to a lack of experience or critical judgment

influençable, impressionnable

influençable, impressionnable

Ex: She realized how impressionable her younger siblings were and tried to set a good example. 

Elle a réalisé à quel point ses jeunes frères et sœurs étaient impressionnables et a essayé de montrer le bon exemple.

impervious
impervious
[Adjectif]

resistant to being affected or damaged by something

imperméable

imperméable

Ex: The new coating made the wall impervious to moisture. 

Le nouveau revêtement a rendu le mur imperméable à l'humidité.

cognizant
cognizant
[Adjectif]

having knowledge or awareness about something

conscient de

conscient de

Ex: He remained cognizant of the risks involved in the adventure. 

Il est resté conscient des risques impliqués dans l'aventure.

astute
astute
[Adjectif]

having a clever and practical ability to make wise and effective decisions

astucieux

astucieux

Ex: The detective's astute observations led to the quick solving of the complex case. 

Les observations astucieuses du détective ont conduit à la résolution rapide de l'affaire complexe.

savvy
savvy
[Adjectif]

possessing practical knowledge, expertise, or understanding in a particular domain

avisé, compétent

avisé, compétent

Ex: His savvy negotiation skills helped him secure a lucrative deal for his company. 

Ses compétences de négociation avérées l'ont aidé à sécuriser une affaire lucrative pour son entreprise.

sagacious
sagacious
[Adjectif]

having keen, farsighted judgment and the ability to discern deeply and wisely

sagace, avisé

sagace, avisé

Ex: The sagacious judge quickly saw through the false testimony. 

Le juge sagace a rapidement percé à jour le faux témoignage.

shrewd
shrewd
[Adjectif]

having or showing good judgement, especially in business or politics

malin, futé, astucieux

malin, futé, astucieux

Ex: His shrewd political maneuvering allowed him to gain support from key stakeholders and secure his position. 

Son habile manœuvre politique lui a permis d'obtenir le soutien des principaux intervenants et de sécuriser sa position.

sentient
sentient
[Adjectif]

possessing the ability to experience, feel, or perceive things through the senses

conscient, sensible, doué de sensations

conscient, sensible, doué de sensations

Ex: Animals are sentient beings capable of experiencing pain and pleasure. 

Les animaux sont des êtres sensibles capables d'éprouver de la douleur et du plaisir.

conscious
conscious
[Adjectif]

aware of and responsive to one's surroundings

conscient

conscient

Ex: The patient remained conscious throughout the operation. 

Le patient est resté conscient tout au long de l'opération.

perceptive
perceptive
[Adjectif]

(of a person) able to quickly and accurately understand or notice things due to keen awareness and insight

perspicace

perspicace

Ex: His perceptive observations helped solve the mystery. 

Ses observations perspicaces ont aidé à résoudre le mystère.

imaginative
imaginative
[Adjectif]

displaying or having creativity or originality

imaginatif, créatif

imaginatif, créatif

Ex: Her imaginative storytelling captivated the audience, transporting them to fantastical worlds. 

Son récit imaginatif a captivé le public, les transportant dans des mondes fantastiques.

imprudence

the quality of making decisions or taking actions without considering potential risks or consequences

imprudence

imprudence

Ex: The manager's imprudence in ignoring safety protocols resulted in workplace accidents. 

L'imprudence du gestionnaire en ignorant les protocoles de sécurité a entraîné des accidents au travail.

folly
folly
[nom]

the quality of behaving in a foolish or reckless manner, often without considering the consequences

folie, imprudence

folie, imprudence

Ex: Her decision to quit her job without another lined up was considered folly by many. 
trance
trance
[nom]

a mental state characterized by a fragile consciousness and reduced ability for voluntary action, often resembling a deep sleep

transe, état de transe

transe, état de transe

Ex: The monk achieved a trance through meditation, disconnecting from worldly distractions. 

Le moine a atteint un transe par la méditation, se déconnectant des distractions mondaines.

ignorance

the fact or state of not having the necessary information, knowledge, or understanding of something

ignorance

ignorance

Ex: The teacher worked hard to address the students' ignorance of the topic, providing extra lessons to improve their understanding. 
delusion

(psychology) a mental condition in which a person has a false belief system that is contradicted by evidence

délire

délire

delirium

a state of extreme mental confusion, often accompanied by confused or unclear thoughts or speech

délire

délire

insanity

a state of severe mental disorder affecting a person's ability to understand reality, think rationally, or behave in a socially acceptable manner

folie, aliénation mentale

folie, aliénation mentale

Ex: Historically, schizophrenia was wrongly labeled as insanity. 

Historiquement, la schizophrénie était à tort qualifiée de folie.

incapacity

the lack of intellectual or mental power to do something

incapacité

incapacité

Ex: The patient's cognitive decline resulted in an incapacity to manage their financial affairs and make sound financial decisions. 

Le déclin cognitif du patient a entraîné une incapacité à gérer ses affaires financières et à prendre des décisions financières judicieuses.

hallucination

a perceptual experience in which an individual perceives something that is not present in the external environment

hallucination, illusion

hallucination, illusion

Ex: Visual hallucinations can manifest as seeing objects, people, or scenes that are not actually present. 

Les hallucinations visuelles peuvent se manifester par la vision d'objets, de personnes ou de scènes qui ne sont pas réellement présents.

fallacy
fallacy
[nom]

a false idea or belief based on invalid arguments, often one that many people think is true

idée fausse

idée fausse

Ex: Rooted in a fallacy, the belief that wearing a lucky charm guarantees success disregards the role of skill, preparation, and opportunity in achieving desired outcomes. 

Enracinée dans une fallacie, la croyance que porter un porte-bonheur garantit le succès ignore le rôle des compétences, de la préparation et des opportunités dans la réalisation des résultats souhaités.

misconception

a mistaken or inaccurate belief or understanding about something

idée fausse, méconnaissance

idée fausse, méconnaissance

Ex: It's a misconception that eating late at night always leads to weight gain. 

C'est une idée fausse que manger tard le soir entraîne toujours une prise de poids.

to neglect
to neglect
[verbe]

to give little or no attention to someone or something

négliger,  ignorer

négliger, ignorer

Ex: He neglected the warning signs until the problem became serious. 
to disregard

to intentionally ignore or act without concern for something or someone that deserves consideration

ne pas prendre en compte

ne pas prendre en compte

Ex: He disregarded his doctor's advice to improve his diet and exercise more. 

Il a ignoré les conseils de son médecin pour améliorer son alimentation et faire plus d'exercice.

to misinterpret

to understand or explain something incorrectly

mal interpréter

mal interpréter

Ex: They misinterpreted the data, drawing conclusions that were not supported by the facts. 

Ils ont mal interprété les données, tirant des conclusions qui n'étaient pas étayées par les faits.

to overlook

to fail to notice, see, or consider something

oublier, négliger

oublier, négliger

Ex: Sarah had overlooked an important detail in the contract. 
oblivious
oblivious
[Adjectif]

lacking conscious awareness of something

ne pas être conscient de

ne pas être conscient de

Ex: He was completely oblivious of the danger ahead, walking through the dark forest without a care. 

Il était complètement insouciant du danger qui l'attendait, marchant dans la forêt sombre sans aucun souci.

deranged
deranged
[Adjectif]

incapable of behaving normally or thinking clearly due to mental illness

dérangé

dérangé

Ex: The criminal had a deranged mind that led to his actions. 

Le criminel avait un esprit dérangé qui a conduit à ses actions.

insensible
insensible
[Adjectif]

not noticing or caring about something

insensible, indifférent

insensible, indifférent

Ex: She appeared insensible to the pain, continuing to work despite her injury. 

Elle semblait insensible à la douleur, continuant à travailler malgré sa blessure.

naive
naive
[Adjectif]

lacking experience, wisdom, or understanding about the world, often resulting in being overly trusting or easily deceived

naïf, ingénu

naïf, ingénu

Ex: Taking a naive stance on cybersecurity left the company vulnerable to hacking. 

Adopter une position naïve en matière de cybersécurité a laissé l'entreprise vulnérable au piratage.

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