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Matemáticas y Evaluación ACT - Matemáticas

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés relacionadas con las matemáticas, como "histograma", "teorema", "matriz", etc., que te ayudarán a superar tus ACT.

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ACT Vocabulary for Math and Assessment
function
function
[Sustantivo]

(mathematics) a quantity whose value changes according to another quantity's varying value

función

función

Ex: In calculus, a function represents a relationship between input and output variables, often denoted as f(x). 
to model
to model
[Verbo]

to make a representation of something, especially one based on mathematics

modelar

modelar

Ex: Economists model supply and demand to understand market trends and make forecasts. 
constant
constant
[Sustantivo]

a quantity or value that remains the same and does not change in a specific mathematical context

constante

constante

Ex: Pi is a mathematical constant approximately equal to 3.14159. 
expression
expression
[Sustantivo]

a combination of numbers, variables, operations, and grouping symbols that collectively represent a numerical value or relationship

expresión, fórmula

expresión, fórmula

Ex: The algebraic expression ( 2x + 3 ) represents a linear equation when set equal to zero. 
equivalent
equivalent
[Adjetivo]

(of mathematical expressions or quantities) having the same value or function, even if they appear in different forms

equivalente

equivalente

Ex: The fractions 1/2 and 2/4 are equivalent because they represent the same value. 
variable
variable
[Sustantivo]

(mathematics) a quantity that is capable of assuming different values in a calculation

variable

variable

Ex: In algebra, variables such as x, y, and z represent quantities that can vary or change in value. 
scale
scale
[Sustantivo]

a system of numerical values used to quantify and compare levels, degrees, or values

escala, baremo

escala, baremo

Ex: The earthquake's intensity was measured on the Richter scale. 
figure
figure
[Sustantivo]

a symbol that represents any number between 0 and 9

cifra

cifra

Ex: In mathematics, figures are used to express numerical values. 
domain
domain
[Sustantivo]

the set of all possible input values for which a given function is defined

dominio, conjunto de definición

dominio, conjunto de definición

Ex: To find the domain of a rational function, exclude any values that make the denominator zero. 
graph
graph
[Sustantivo]

(in mathematics) a set of points with coordinates that satisfy specific relationships

gráfico

gráfico

Ex: The function's graph showed a clear linear pattern. 
diagram
diagram
[Sustantivo]

a graphic design intended to explain something

diagrama

diagrama

Ex: The teacher used a diagram to explain the structure of the cell. 
histogram
histogram
[Sustantivo]

a diagram consisting of bars with different heights that represent the amount of a variable

histograma

histograma

scatter plot
scatter plot
[Sustantivo]

a type of graph used in statistics and data analysis to display and compare two sets of numerical data

gráfico de dispersión, diagrama de puntos

gráfico de dispersión, diagrama de puntos

Ex: The scatter plot revealed a positive correlation between hours of study and exam scores. 
intercept
intercept
[Sustantivo]

the point where a line, curve, or surface crosses an axis on a graph

la intersección, el punto de intersección

la intersección, el punto de intersección

Ex: The y-intercept of the line is where it crosses the y-axis at 
plane
plane
[Sustantivo]

a flat, two-dimensional surface that extends infinitely in all directions

plano, superficie plana

plano, superficie plana

Ex: In geometry, a plane is defined by three non-collinear points. 
coordinate
coordinate
[Sustantivo]

any set of numbers that represents an exact position on a map or graph

coordenadas

coordenadas

Ex: The GPS coordinates 35.6895° N, 139.6917° E lead to Tokyo. 
line of best fit
line of best fit
[Sustantivo]

a straight line drawn through the center of a group of data points on a scatter plot representing the best approximation of the relationship between the variables being studied

línea de mejor ajuste, recta de regresión

línea de mejor ajuste, recta de regresión

Ex: The line of best fit on the scatter plot showed a clear upward trend. 
to intersect

to meet or cross another path, line, etc. at a particular point

cruzarse

cruzarse

Ex: The two roads intersect at the traffic light. 
interval
interval
[Sustantivo]

a set of real numbers that includes all the numbers between any two specified numbers within the set

intervalo, rango

intervalo, rango

Ex: The interval (a, b), where a and b are real numbers, represents all numbers between a and b but excludes the endpoints. 
linear function
linear function
[Sustantivo]

a mathematical function that creates a straight line when graphed

función lineal, aplicación lineal

función lineal, aplicación lineal

Ex: In economics, supply and demand can often be modeled using linear functions to predict market behavior. 
rational function
rational function
[Sustantivo]

a function that can be expressed as the ratio of two polynomials, where the denominator is not zero

función racional, fracción racional

función racional, fracción racional

Ex: To find the vertical asymptotes of a rational function, set the denominator equal to zero and solve for 
integer constant
integer constant
[Sustantivo]

a fixed numerical value that is a whole number, either positive, negative, or zero

constante entera, constante de número entero

constante entera, constante de número entero

Ex: In the expression 2x+5, the integer constant is 5. 
nonlinear
nonlinear
[Adjetivo]

not following a straight or predictable line, sequence, or pattern

no lineal, no rectilíneo

no lineal, no rectilíneo

Ex: The growth of the economy is often nonlinear, influenced by numerous factors. 
to correspond

to have a direct relationship or alignment with something else, such as paired values or elements

corresponder, tener correspondencia con

corresponder, tener correspondencia con

Ex: Each point on the graph corresponds to a pair of values in the equation. 
term
term
[Sustantivo]

a single number, variable, or the product of numbers and variables in an expression or equation, separated by addition or subtraction operators

término, elemento

término, elemento

Ex: Combining like terms in an algebraic expression simplifies it. 
axis
axis
[Sustantivo]

a reference line used in coordinate systems to provide a framework for locating points

eje, línea de referencia

eje, línea de referencia

Ex: When graphing functions, it's essential to label the axes to provide context for the plotted points. 
polynominal function

a mathematical function that can be expressed as a sum of terms, where each term is a constant multiplied by a variable raised to a non-negative integer power

función polinómica, función polinomial

función polinómica, función polinomial

Ex: In algebra, students learn how to add, subtract, multiply, and factor polynomial functions. 
to satisfy
to satisfy
[Verbo]

to fulfill the conditions or requirements of a mathematical statement, equation, or inequality

satisfacer, cumplir

satisfacer, cumplir

Ex: In order to prove the conjecture, we must find an example that satisfies all given conditions and demonstrates the truth of the statement. 
coefficient
coefficient
[Sustantivo]

a numerical or constant factor that multiplies a variable in an algebraic term

coeficiente, factor multiplicativo

coeficiente, factor multiplicativo

Ex: The coefficient matrix in the linear system helps to simplify solving for the variable values. 
quadratic
quadratic
[Sustantivo]

an equation where the highest power of the variable is squared

cuadrática

cuadrática

Ex: Factoring is one method to solve a quadratic, provided it can be easily factored. 
regression
regression
[Sustantivo]

a statistical method used to model and analyze the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables

regresión

regresión

Ex: Linear regression is used to find the best-fitting line through a set of data points. 
equidistant
equidistant
[Adjetivo]

having equal distances from two or more points

equidistante, a igual distancia

equidistante, a igual distancia

Ex: The point is equidistant from both the x-axis and the y-axis in the coordinate plane. 
collinear
collinear
[Adjetivo]

having points that lie on the same straight line

colineal, alineado

colineal, alineado

Ex: The three points are collinear, forming a straight line on the graph. 
theorem
theorem
[Sustantivo]

a statement or proposition that has been proven to be true based on previously established axioms, definitions, and other theorems within a particular mathematical or logical system

teorema

teorema

Ex: Mathematicians often prove theorems to establish mathematical truths. 
period
period
[Sustantivo]

a recurring interval or length associated with a mathematical function or pattern

período, intervalo

período, intervalo

Ex: The period of a trigonometric function is the length of the interval over which the function repeats its values. 
to evaluate

to find the numerical value of an expression, equation, or function by substituting specific values for the variables

evaluar

evaluar

Ex: Evaluating complex mathematical expressions often involves breaking down the problem into simpler steps. 
expanded notation
expanded notation
[Sustantivo]

a way of representing numbers as the sum of each digit multiplied by its place value

notación expandida, descomposición numérica

notación expandida, descomposición numérica

Ex: Students learn expanded notation to better understand the structure and value of numbers. 
scientific notation

a method of writing numbers as the product of a coefficient and a power of 10

notación científica, escritura científica

notación científica, escritura científica

Ex: When discussing the size of galaxies, astronomers often use scientific notation to represent their vast distances from Earth. 
matrix
matrix
[Sustantivo]

a rectangular array of numbers or symbols organized in rows and columns, commonly used in linear algebra for representing equations, transformations, and vector operations

matriz

matriz

Ex: A 2x3 matrix represents a collection of numbers organized in two rows and three columns. 
determinant
determinant
[Sustantivo]

a single number calculated from the elements of a square matrix that indicates important properties, like whether the matrix can be inverted

determinante

determinante

Ex: If the determinant of a matrix is zero, the matrix is singular and does not have an inverse. 
factorial
factorial
[Sustantivo]

the product of all positive whole numbers from 1 to a given number

factorial, factórico

factorial, factórico

Ex: The factorial of 5 is calculated as 5!=5×4×3×2×1=120. 
vector
vector
[Sustantivo]

an ordered set of numbers that describes both magnitude and direction, commonly used to represent quantities like displacement, velocity, or force in physics and engineering

vector, vector

vector, vector

Ex: In physics, force is often represented as a vector, considering both its magnitude and direction. 
standard coordinate plane

a two-dimensional system used to represent points in space

plano de coordenadas estándar, plano cartesiano estándar

plano de coordenadas estándar, plano cartesiano estándar

Ex: The standard coordinate plane provides a visual representation of mathematical relationships between variables in two dimensions. 
trigonometric function

a mathematical function that relates the angles of a triangle to the lengths of its sides, commonly including sine, cosine, and tangent

función trigonométrica

función trigonométrica

Ex: The sine and cosine trigonometric functions are fundamental in calculating wave patterns. 
augmented matrix
augmented matrix
[Sustantivo]

a way of representing a system of linear equations in matrix form

matriz aumentada, matriz ampliada

matriz aumentada, matriz ampliada

Ex: To solve a system of linear equations using the method of Gaussian elimination, we first write the system in augmented matrix form. 
unit vector
unit vector
[Sustantivo]

a vector that has a magnitude of 1 and represents direction without regard to scale

vector unitario, vector de magnitud 1

vector unitario, vector de magnitud 1

Ex: A unit vector is often employed in mathematics to define orthonormal bases and to describe geometric transformations. 
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