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ACT 数学と評価 - 数学

数学のACT語彙を学びましょう。数、演算、方程式、変数、公式、および定量的問題解決で使用されるその他の用語が含まれます。

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ACT Vocabulary for Math and Assessment
function
function
[名詞]

(mathematics) a quantity whose value changes according to another quantity's varying value

関数

関数

Ex: The function y = 2x + 3 describes a linear relationship where y changes with respect to changes in x. 
to model
to model
[動詞]

to make a representation of something, especially one based on mathematics

モデル化する, 表現する

モデル化する, 表現する

Ex: The biologist modeled the spread of the invasive species in the ecosystem. 
constant
constant
[名詞]

a quantity or value that remains the same and does not change in a specific mathematical context

定数

定数

Ex: Pi is a mathematical constant approximately equal to 3.14159. 
expression
expression
[名詞]

a combination of numbers, variables, operations, and grouping symbols that collectively represent a numerical value or relationship

式, 公式

式, 公式

Ex: The trigonometric identity ( sin^2(x) + cos^2(x) = 1 ) is an important mathematical expression. 
equivalent
equivalent
[形容詞]

(of mathematical expressions or quantities) having the same value or function, even if they appear in different forms

同等の

同等の

Ex: The fractions 1/2 and 2/4 are equivalent because they represent the same value. 
variable
variable
[名詞]

(mathematics) a quantity that is capable of assuming different values in a calculation

変数

変数

Ex: The value of a variable in an equation can be solved for using techniques like substitution or elimination. 
scale
scale
[名詞]

a system of numerical values used to quantify and compare levels, degrees, or values

尺度, 段階

尺度, 段階

Ex: Bodybuilders often compete in different weight classes, each with its own scale of measurements. 
figure
figure
[名詞]

a symbol that represents any number between 0 and 9

数字, 数

数字, 数

Ex: The child learned to recognize figures during early math lessons. 
domain
domain
[名詞]

the set of all input values for which a mathematical function is defined

定義域, ドメイン

定義域, ドメイン

Ex: The domain of this function includes all real numbers. 
graph
graph
[名詞]

the set of points whose coordinates satisfy a particular equation or mathematical relation

グラフ, 曲線

グラフ, 曲線

Ex: The graph of the equation forms a straight line. 
diagram
diagram
[名詞]

a simplified drawing or plan used to show the parts, structure, operation, or relationships of something

図

図

Ex: The teacher drew a diagram of the human heart on the board. 
histogram
histogram
[名詞]

a diagram consisting of bars with different heights that represent the amount of a variable

ヒストグラム, 棒グラフ

ヒストグラム, 棒グラフ

scatter plot
scatter plot
[名詞]

a type of graph used in statistics and data analysis to display and compare two sets of numerical data

散布図, 点グラフ

散布図, 点グラフ

Ex: The scatter plot revealed a positive correlation between hours of study and exam scores. 

散布図は、勉強時間と試験の点数との間に正の相関があることを明らかにしました。

intercept
intercept
[名詞]

the point where a line, curve, or surface crosses an axis on a graph

切片, 交点

切片, 交点

Ex: The y-intercept of the line is where it crosses the y-axis at 

線の切片は、y軸と交差する点です

plane
plane
[名詞]

a flat, two-dimensional surface that extends infinitely in all directions

平面, 平らな面

平面, 平らな面

Ex: The graph of a linear equation in two variables lies on a plane. 
coordinate
coordinate
[名詞]

any set of numbers that represents an exact position on a map or graph

座標, 地理座標

座標, 地理座標

Ex: The GPS coordinates 35.6895° N, 139.6917° E lead to Tokyo. 
line of best fit

a straight line drawn through the center of a group of data points on a scatter plot representing the best approximation of the relationship between the variables being studied

最適適合線, 回帰直線

最適適合線, 回帰直線

Ex: The line of best fit on the scatter plot showed a clear upward trend. 

散布図上の最適適合線は明確な上昇傾向を示した。

to intersect
to intersect
[動詞]

to meet or cross another path, line, etc. at a particular point

交差する, 交わる

交差する, 交わる

Ex: The two roads intersect at the traffic light. 

二つの道は信号で交差しています.

interval
interval
[名詞]

a set of real numbers that includes all the numbers between any two specified numbers within the set

間隔, 区間

間隔, 区間

Ex: The interval notation (−∞, 5) represents all real numbers less than 5, excluding 5 itself. 
linear function

a mathematical function that creates a straight line when graphed

線形関数, 線形写像

線形関数, 線形写像

Ex: In economics, supply and demand can often be modeled using linear functions to predict market behavior. 

経済学では、需要と供給は市場の行動を予測するために線形関数を使ってモデル化されることがよくあります。

rational function

a function that can be expressed as the ratio of two polynomials, where the denominator is not zero

有理関数, 有理分数

有理関数, 有理分数

Ex: To find the vertical asymptotes of a rational function, set the denominator equal to zero and solve for 

有理関数の垂直漸近線を見つけるには、分母をゼロに設定して解きます

integer constant

a fixed numerical value that is a whole number, either positive, negative, or zero

整数定数, 整数の定数

整数定数, 整数の定数

Ex: In the expression 2x+5, the integer constant is 5. 

式2x+5において、整数定数は5です。

nonlinear
nonlinear
[形容詞]

not following a straight or predictable line, sequence, or pattern

非線形, 予測不可能な

非線形, 予測不可能な

Ex: The growth of the economy is often nonlinear, influenced by numerous factors. 

経済の成長は、多くの要因に影響され、しばしば非線形です。

to correspond

to be directly related to or paired with another value, element, or item

対応する,  相当する

対応する, 相当する

Ex: Each number corresponds to a letter in the code. 
term
term
[名詞]

a single number, variable, or the product of numbers and variables in an expression or equation, separated by addition or subtraction operators

項, 要素

項, 要素

Ex: Combining like terms in an algebraic expression simplifies it. 
axis
axis
[名詞]

a reference line used in coordinate systems to provide a framework for locating points

軸, 基準線

軸, 基準線

Ex: When graphing functions, it's essential to label the axes to provide context for the plotted points. 

関数をグラフ化する際には、プロットされた点に文脈を提供するために軸にラベルを付けることが不可欠です。

polynominal function

a mathematical function that can be expressed as a sum of terms, where each term is a constant multiplied by a variable raised to a non-negative integer power

多項式関数, ポリノミアル関数

多項式関数, ポリノミアル関数

Ex: In algebra, students learn how to add, subtract, multiply, and factor polynomial functions. 

代数では、学生は多項式関数を加算、減算、乗算、および因数分解する方法を学びます。

to satisfy
to satisfy
[動詞]

to fulfill the conditions of a mathematical equation, inequality, or other statement

満たす,  充たす

満たす, 充たす

Ex: The value x = 4 satisfies the equation. 
coefficient
coefficient
[名詞]

a numerical or constant factor that multiplies a variable in an algebraic term

係数, 乗数因子

係数, 乗数因子

Ex: When combining like terms in 3p+2p, the coefficients are added to get 5p. 

3p + 2pで同類項を結合するとき、係数を加えて5pを得ます。

quadratic
quadratic
[名詞]

an equation where the highest power of the variable is squared

二次方程式

二次方程式

Ex: The roots of the quadratic x2 − 4 = 0 are x=2 and x=−2. 

二次方程式x2 − 4 = 0の根はx=2とx=−2です。

regression
regression
[名詞]

a statistical method used to model and analyze the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables

回帰

回帰

Ex: Linear regression is used to find the best-fitting line through a set of data points. 

線形回帰は、データポイントのセットを通じて最適な線を見つけるために使用されます。

equidistant
equidistant
[形容詞]

having equal distances from two or more points

等距離の, 2つ以上の点から等距離にある

等距離の, 2つ以上の点から等距離にある

Ex: The point is equidistant from both the x-axis and the y-axis in the coordinate plane. 

その点は座標平面上でx軸とy軸の両方から等距離にある。

collinear
collinear
[形容詞]

having points that lie on the same straight line

共線の, 同じ直線上にある

共線の, 同じ直線上にある

Ex: The three points are collinear, forming a straight line on the graph. 

3つの点は共線であり、グラフ上で直線を形成します。

theorem
theorem
[名詞]

a statement or proposition that has been proven to be true based on previously established axioms, definitions, and other theorems within a particular mathematical or logical system

定理

定理

Ex: Mathematicians often prove theorems to establish mathematical truths. 

数学者は数学的な真実を確立するためにしばしば定理を証明します。

period
period
[名詞]

a recurring interval or length associated with a mathematical function or pattern

周期, 間隔

周期, 間隔

Ex: The period of a trigonometric function is the length of the interval over which the function repeats its values. 
to evaluate
to evaluate
[動詞]

to determine the numerical value of a mathematical expression, function, or quantity

評価する,  求値する

評価する, 求値する

Ex: Evaluate the expression when x equals four. 
expanded notation

a way of representing numbers as the sum of each digit multiplied by its place value

拡張表記, 数値分解

拡張表記, 数値分解

Ex: Students learn expanded notation to better understand the structure and value of numbers. 

生徒は数の構造と価値をよりよく理解するために拡張表記を学びます。

scientific notation

a method of writing numbers as the product of a coefficient and a power of 10

科学表記, 科学的表記法

科学表記, 科学的表記法

Ex: When discussing the size of galaxies, astronomers often use scientific notation to represent their vast distances from Earth. 

銀河の大きさについて議論するとき、天文学者はしばしば地球からの彼らの広大な距離を表すために科学表記法を使用します。

matrix
matrix
[名詞]

a rectangular arrangement of numbers, symbols, or expressions in rows and columns

行列,  マトリックス

行列, マトリックス

Ex: The students multiplied the two matrices. 
determinant
determinant
[名詞]

a single number calculated from the elements of a square matrix that indicates important properties, like whether the matrix can be inverted

行列式

行列式

Ex: If the determinant of a matrix is zero, the matrix is singular and does not have an inverse. 

行列の行列式がゼロの場合、その行列は特異であり、逆行列を持ちません。

factorial
factorial
[名詞]

the product of all positive whole numbers from 1 to a given number

階乗, ファクトリアル

階乗, ファクトリアル

Ex: The factorial of 5 is calculated as 5!=5×4×3×2×1=120. 

5の階乗は5! = 5×4×3×2×1 = 120と計算されます。

vector
vector
[名詞]

an ordered set of numbers that describes both magnitude and direction, commonly used to represent quantities like displacement, velocity, or force in physics and engineering

ベクトル, ベクトル

ベクトル, ベクトル

Ex: In physics, force is often represented as a vector, considering both its magnitude and direction. 

物理学では、力はしばしばベクトルとして表され、その大きさと方向の両方が考慮されます。

standard coordinate plane

a two-dimensional system used to represent points in space

標準座標平面, 標準デカルト平面

標準座標平面, 標準デカルト平面

Ex: The standard coordinate plane provides a visual representation of mathematical relationships between variables in two dimensions. 

標準座標平面は、2次元における変数間の数学的関係を視覚的に表現します。

trigonometric function

a mathematical function that relates the angles of a triangle to the lengths of its sides, commonly including sine, cosine, and tangent

三角関数

三角関数

Ex: The sine and cosine trigonometric functions are fundamental in calculating wave patterns. 

サインとコサインの三角関数は、波のパターンを計算する上で基本的です。

augmented matrix

a way of representing a system of linear equations in matrix form

拡大行列, 拡張行列

拡大行列, 拡張行列

Ex: The entries in the augmented matrix correspond to the coefficients of the variables and the constants in the system of equations. 

拡大行列のエントリは、方程式系の変数の係数と定数に対応します。

unit vector
unit vector
[名詞]

a vector that has a magnitude of 1 and represents direction without regard to scale

単位ベクトル, 大きさが1のベクトル

単位ベクトル, 大きさが1のベクトル

Ex: To describe the direction of a force in physics, we often use a unit vector representing the direction without considering the magnitude. 

物理学で力の方向を記述するために、大きさを考慮せずに方向を表す単位ベクトルをよく使用します。

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