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Humanidades ACT - Panitikan at Kultura

Pag-aralan ang bokabularyo ng humanidades ng ACT para sa panitikan at kultura, kabilang ang mga genre, tradisyon, pagkakakilanlan, kaugalian, interpretasyon, at mga paraan kung paano ipinapahayag ng mga lipunan ang mga ideya at pagpapahalaga.

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ACT Vocabulary for Humanities
free verse
free verse
[Pangngalan]

a type of verse without rhyme that has an irregular rhythm

malayang taludturan, malayang tula

malayang taludturan, malayang tula

stanza
stanza
[Pangngalan]

a series of lines in a poem, usually with recurring rhyme scheme and meter

saknong, tudling

saknong, tudling

Ex: The poem was structured with four stanzas, each following a different theme.Ā 

Ang tula ay istrukturado sa apat na saknong, bawat isa ay sumusunod sa iba't ibang tema.

sonnet
sonnet
[Pangngalan]

a verse of Italian origin that has 14 lines, usually in an iambic pentameter and a prescribed rhyme scheme

soneto, tula na may labing-apat na taludtod

soneto, tula na may labing-apat na taludtod

Ex: He struggled to fit his thoughts into the strict format of a sonnet.Ā 

Nahirapan siyang iakma ang kanyang mga iniisip sa mahigpit na anyo ng isang soneto.

prose
prose
[Pangngalan]

spoken or written language in its usual form, in contrast to poetry

prosa

prosa

Ex: Her writing style is characterized by clear and concise prose, making her novels accessible to a wide audience.Ā 
ballad
ballad
[Pangngalan]

a tale that is narrated in the form of a song or poem

balada, awit na nagkukuwento

balada, awit na nagkukuwento

Ex: The troubadours of medieval Europe traveled from town to town, singing ballads of love and chivalry.Ā 
antimetabole
antimetabole
[Pangngalan]

a literary and rhetorical device that involves repeating words or phrases in successive clauses or sentences, but in reverse order

antimetabole, baligtad

antimetabole, baligtad

personification
personification
[Pangngalan]

a literary device where human qualities or characteristics are attributed to non-human entities, objects, or ideas

pagkatao, pagsasatao

pagkatao, pagsasatao

Ex: The poem’s personification of the wind made it seem alive and restless.Ā 

Ang personipikasyon ng hangin sa tula ay nagpamukha nito na buhay at balisa.

allusion
allusion
[Pangngalan]

a statement that implies or indirectly mentions something or someone else, especially as a literary device

pahiwatig, tukoy

pahiwatig, tukoy

Ex: Her comment about "meeting her Waterloo" was an allusion to Napoleon's final defeat, implying she faced an insurmountable challenge.Ā 

Ang kanyang komento tungkol sa "pagkikita sa kanyang Waterloo" ay isang pahiwatig sa huling pagkatalo ni Napoleon, na nagpapahiwatig na naharap siya sa isang hindi malulutas na hamon.

allegorical
allegorical
[pang-uri]

(of a story, play, image, etc.) using characters or events in a symbolic sense that represent a concept, quality, etc.

alegoriko, simboliko

alegoriko, simboliko

pun
pun
[Pangngalan]

a clever or amusing use of words that takes advantage of the multiple meanings or interpretations that it has

paglalaro ng salita, pun

paglalaro ng salita, pun

Ex: She made a clever pun during the meeting that had everyone laughing.Ā 

Gumawa siya ng isang matalinong paglalaro ng salita sa pulong na nagpatawa sa lahat.

metaphor
metaphor
[Pangngalan]

a figure of speech in which a word or expression is used to describe something by implying a comparison with something else

metapora, pagwawangis

metapora, pagwawangis

Ex: The poet uses fire as a metaphor for passion.Ā 
simile
simile
[Pangngalan]

a word or phrase that compares two things or people, highlighting the similarities, often introduced by 'like' or 'as'

paghahambing, simile

paghahambing, simile

Ex: The poet used a simile to compare the clouds to cotton candy, painting a vivid picture of their fluffy, ethereal appearance.Ā 

Gumamit ang makata ng simile upang ihambing ang mga ulap sa cotton candy, na nagpinta ng isang malinaw na larawan ng kanilang malambot, makalangit na hitsura.

irony
irony
[Pangngalan]

a form of humor in which the words that someone says mean the opposite, producing an emphatic effect

ironya

ironya

Ex: His irony was so sharp that some people didn’t realize he was mocking them.Ā 

Ang kanyang ironya ay napakatalas na ang ilang tao ay hindi napagtanto na siya ay nanunuya sa kanila.

marginalia
marginalia
[Pangngalan]

marks and notes written in the margins of a book or document

marginalia, mga tala sa gilid

marginalia, mga tala sa gilid

memoir
memoir
[Pangngalan]

a written account of the writer's own life experiences or of a particular period in their life

memoir,  talambuhay

memoir, talambuhay

Ex: Emma published a memoir about her childhood in rural Maine.Ā 
autobiography
autobiography
[Pangngalan]

the story of the life of a person, written by the same person

awtobiyograpiya, memoirs

awtobiyograpiya, memoirs

Ex: He wrote an autobiography to share his life story with the world.Ā 

Sumulat siya ng isang awtobiyograpiya para ibahagi ang kuwento ng kanyang buhay sa mundo.

graphic novel
graphic novel
[Pangngalan]

a book that combines illustrations and storytelling to convey a narrative, often in a sequential art format

nobelang grapiko, komiks

nobelang grapiko, komiks

Ex: She is reading a graphic novel that explores dystopian themes.Ā 

Nagbabasa siya ng graphic novel na tumatalakay sa mga temang dystopian.

anthology
anthology
[Pangngalan]

a collection of selected writings by various authors, often on a similar theme or subject

antolohiya, kalipunan

antolohiya, kalipunan

Ex: The university library boasts an extensive anthology of classical literature.Ā 

Ang silid-aklatan ng unibersidad ay may malawak na antolohiya ng klasikong panitikan.

manuscript
manuscript
[Pangngalan]

the original written version of a book, article, or other work before it is published

manuskrito,  orihinal na sulatin

manuskrito, orihinal na sulatin

Ex: Sarah sent the finished manuscript to her publisher.Ā 
satirical
satirical
[pang-uri]

intending to mock, ridicule, or criticize a person, group, or society in a humorous or exaggerated way

satirikal, nang-uuyam

satirikal, nang-uuyam

Ex: The novel is a satirical critique of modern society.Ā 

Ang nobela ay isang mapang-uyam na pagsusuri sa modernong lipunan.

excerpt
excerpt
[Pangngalan]

a short piece taken from a longer composition

sipi

sipi

scroll
scroll
[Pangngalan]

a roll of parchment, paper, or other material containing writing or images, often used for historical or religious texts

pergamino, rolyo

pergamino, rolyo

interjection
interjection
[Pangngalan]

(grammar) a phrase or word used suddenly to express a particular emotion

interjeksyon, pabulalas

interjeksyon, pabulalas

Ex: The teacher explained the concept of interjection during grammar class.Ā 

Ipinaliwanag ng guro ang konsepto ng interjection sa klase ng gramatika.

tone
tone
[Pangngalan]

the quality or character of speech, writing, or behavior that reflects the speaker's or writer's attitude

tono, tonalidad

tono, tonalidad

Ex: The tone of his letter was surprisingly harsh.Ā 
canon
canon
[Pangngalan]

a recognized collection of authoritative books, texts, or works within a particular field or tradition, especially in religion

kanon

kanon

Ex: Shakespeare's plays are considered part of the literary canon in English literature.Ā 
protagonist
protagonist
[Pangngalan]

the main character in a movie, novel, TV show, etc.

pangunahing tauhan, protagonista

pangunahing tauhan, protagonista

Ex: The protagonist of the novel is a young orphan who embarks on a journey of self-discovery and adventure.Ā 

Ang pangunahing tauhan ng nobela ay isang batang ulila na naglalakbay para sa pagtuklas sa sarili at pakikipagsapalaran.

heroine
heroine
[Pangngalan]

the main female character in a story, book, film, etc., typically known for great qualities

bayani, babaeng pangunahing tauhan

bayani, babaeng pangunahing tauhan

Ex: She admired the bravery of the heroine in the novel.Ā 

Hinangaan niya ang katapangan ng bida sa nobela.

figurative language

the use of words and expressions that are not meant to be taken literally, but rather to create a vivid, imaginative image or effect in the reader's mind

piguratibong wika, matalinghagang wika

piguratibong wika, matalinghagang wika

melodramatic
melodramatic
[pang-uri]

exaggerated or overly emotional in a theatrical or sensational way

melodramatik, labis

melodramatik, labis

Ex: Sarah's reaction to the minor inconvenience was melodramatic, complete with tears and exclamations.Ā 

Ang reaksyon ni Sarah sa maliit na abala ay melodramatic, puno ng luha at pag-ungol.

dime novel
dime novel
[Pangngalan]

a cheap paperback novel often featuring an adventure or melodramatic story

murang nobela, nobelang puno ng pakikipagsapalaran o melodramatikong kwento

murang nobela, nobelang puno ng pakikipagsapalaran o melodramatikong kwento

to fictionalize

to turn real events or situations into a tale or story, often by changing or adding to the details

gawing kathang-isip, isulat bilang nobela

gawing kathang-isip, isulat bilang nobela

Ex: The author fictionalized her childhood experiences in her bestselling novel.Ā 

Ginawang kathang-isip ng may-akda ang kanyang mga karanasan noong bata sa kanyang nobelang bestseller.

backstory
backstory
[Pangngalan]

the events that have happened to a character before their story in a book, movie, etc. begins

nakaraan, likod na kwento

nakaraan, likod na kwento

Ex: The author revealed the protagonist's tragic backstory through a series of flashbacks scattered throughout the novel.Ā 
ghostwriter
ghostwriter
[Pangngalan]

an author whose work is published under someone else's name

manggagawang ghostwriter, manunulat na multo

manggagawang ghostwriter, manunulat na multo

Ex: The celebrity hired a ghostwriter to pen their memoirs.Ā 

Ang sikat na tao ay umarkila ng ghostwriter para isulat ang kanilang mga alaala.

glyph
glyph
[Pangngalan]

a decorative element or symbol carved or inscribed onto a surface

glyph, dekoratibong simbolo

glyph, dekoratibong simbolo

syntax
syntax
[Pangngalan]

(linguistics) the way in which words and phrases are arranged to form grammatical sentences in a language

sintaks, istruktura ng gramatika

sintaks, istruktura ng gramatika

Ex: In linguistics, syntax refers to the rules that govern the structure of sentences, determining how words are arranged to convey meaning.Ā 

Sa lingguwistika, ang sintaks ay tumutukoy sa mga tuntunin na namamahala sa istruktura ng mga pangungusap, na tumutukoy kung paano inayos ang mga salita upang maghatid ng kahulugan.

dialect
dialect
[Pangngalan]

the spoken form of a language specific to a certain region or people which is slightly different from the standard form in words and grammar

diyalekto, wikain

diyalekto, wikain

Ex: A dialect is a variety of a language spoken by a particular group of people, characterized by unique vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation.Ā 

Ang isang diyalekto ay isang uri ng wika na sinasalita ng isang partikular na grupo ng mga tao, na nailalarawan sa pamamagitan ng natatanging bokabularyo, gramatika, at pagbigkas.

intonation
intonation
[Pangngalan]

(phonetics) the rising and falling of the voice when speaking

intonasyon

intonasyon

Ex: In phonetics, intonation refers to the pattern of rising and falling pitch in speech, which conveys meaning, emotion, and emphasis.Ā 
acronym
acronym
[Pangngalan]

a word formed from the initial letters of a phrase, pronounced as a single word

akronim, daglat

akronim, daglat

Ex: NASA is an acronym for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.Ā 

Ang NASA ay isang akronim para sa National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

initialism
initialism
[Pangngalan]

a type of abbreviation where the first letter of each word in a phrase or name is used to form a pronounceable acronym-like string of letters

inisyal, akronim

inisyal, akronim

etymology
etymology
[Pangngalan]

the study of the origins and historical developments of words and their meanings

etimolohiya

etimolohiya

Ex: Linguists trace the etymology of "vocabulary" back to Latin "vocabulum," meaning word.Ā 

Sinusuri ng mga lingguwista ang etimolohiya ng "talasalitaan" pabalik sa Latin na "vocabulum," na nangangahulugang salita.

linguist
linguist
[Pangngalan]

an expert in the study of language, examining its structure, development, and cultural aspects

linggwista

linggwista

Ex: The linguist conducted research on the syntax and grammar of an endangered indigenous language.Ā 

Ang lingguwista ay nagsagawa ng pananaliksik sa sintaks at gramatika ng isang nanganganib na katutubong wika.

mythology
mythology
[Pangngalan]

a collection of ancient myths, particularly one that belongs to a group of people and their history, etc.

mitolohiya

mitolohiya

Ex: Greek mythology includes stories of gods, goddesses, and heroes such as Zeus, Athena, and Hercules.Ā 

Ang mitolohiyang Griyego ay may mga kuwento ng mga diyos, diyosa, at bayani tulad ni Zeus, Athena, at Hercules.

chimera
chimera
[Pangngalan]

a mythological creature in Greek mythology, typically depicted as a fire-breathing creature with the body and head of a lion, the head of a goat protruding from its back, and a serpent for a tail

kimera, mitolohikong nilalang

kimera, mitolohikong nilalang

basilisk
basilisk
[Pangngalan]

a legendary reptile, often depicted as having a deadly gaze or venomous breath

basilisk, maalamat na reptilya

basilisk, maalamat na reptilya

Ex: The basilisk was feared throughout ancient lore for its deadly gaze.Ā 

Ang basilisk ay kinatatakutan sa sinaunang alamat dahil sa nakamamatay nitong tingin.

burlesque
burlesque
[Pangngalan]

an absurd or comically exaggerated replication of a literary or dramatic work

parodya, burlesk

parodya, burlesk

folklore
folklore
[Pangngalan]

the traditional beliefs, customs, stories, and legends of a particular community, usually passed down through generations by word of mouth

pamana, kaugaliang bayan

pamana, kaugaliang bayan

Ex: Folklore encompasses a wide range of cultural expressions, including myths, legends, fairy tales, folk songs, and folk dances.Ā 

Ang folklore ay sumasaklaw sa malawak na hanay ng mga kultural na ekspresyon, kabilang ang mga mito, alamat, kuwentong bibit, awiting bayan, at sayaw ng bayan.

custom
custom
[Pangngalan]

a way of behaving or of doing something that is widely accepted in a society or among a specific group of people

kaugalian, kostumbre

kaugalian, kostumbre

Ex: The custom of having afternoon tea is still popular in some parts of the UK.Ā 
lore
lore
[Pangngalan]

collective knowledge, traditions, beliefs, and stories passed down within a culture or community, typically through storytelling

kaalaman, tradisyon

kaalaman, tradisyon

Ex: Local lore tells of a hidden treasure buried somewhere in the mountains.Ā 

Ang lokal na alamat ay nagsasalaysay ng isang nakatagong kayamanan na nakabaon sa isang lugar sa mga bundok.

elegy
elegy
[Pangngalan]

a song or poem expressing sadness, especially in the memory of a dead person or a bitter event in the past

elehiya, awit ng pagluluksa

elehiya, awit ng pagluluksa

Ex: The poet composed an elegy to mourn the passing of a beloved friend, capturing the grief and longing felt by those left behind.Ā 

Ang makata ay gumawa ng isang elegiya upang tangisan ang pagpanaw ng isang minamahal na kaibigan, na naglalarawan ng kalungkutan at pangungulila na nadama ng mga naiwan.

heritage
heritage
[Pangngalan]

a person's ethnic, cultural, or religious background inherited from their ancestors

pamana,  heritage

pamana, heritage

Ex: Daniel is proud of his Irish heritage.Ā 
time-honored
time-honored
[pang-uri]

respected because of long-established use or tradition

matagal na, tradisyonal

matagal na, tradisyonal

Ex: The ceremony follows a time-honored tradition.Ā 
subculture
subculture
[Pangngalan]

a group within a larger culture that shares distinctive values, norms, and behaviors, often differing from those of the dominant culture

subkultura, kulturang pang-ilalim

subkultura, kulturang pang-ilalim

Ex: The goth subculture, characterized by its dark fashion and music preferences, often congregates in alternative clubs and events.Ā 

Ang subculture na goth, na kinikilala sa madilim nitong fashion at mga kagustuhan sa musika, ay madalas na nagtitipon sa mga alternatibong club at event.

rebirth
rebirth
[Pangngalan]

a renewed period of growth, popularity, or significance, particularly in cultural, artistic, or economic contexts

muling pagsilang, pagbabagong-buhay

muling pagsilang, pagbabagong-buhay

Ex: The film industry saw a rebirth of interest in classic movies after the release of a digitally remastered collection.Ā 

Ang industriya ng pelikula ay nakakita ng isang muling pagsilang ng interes sa mga klasikong pelikula matapos ang paglabas ng isang koleksyon na digitally remastered.

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