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Humanistyka ACT - Literatura i Kultura

Tutaj nauczysz się niektórych angielskich słów związanych z literaturą i kulturą, takich jak "elegia", "satyr", "pamiętnik" itp., które pomogą ci zdać egzaminy ACT.

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ACT Vocabulary for Humanities
free verse
free verse
[Rzeczownik]

a type of verse without rhyme that has an irregular rhythm

wiersz wolny, poezja wolna

wiersz wolny, poezja wolna

stanza
stanza
[Rzeczownik]

a series of lines in a poem, usually with recurring rhyme scheme and meter

zwrotka, strofka

zwrotka, strofka

Ex: The poem was structured with four stanzas, each following a different theme. 
sonnet
sonnet
[Rzeczownik]

a verse of Italian origin that has 14 lines, usually in an iambic pentameter and a prescribed rhyme scheme

sonet, wiersz czternastowersowy

sonet, wiersz czternastowersowy

Ex: He struggled to fit his thoughts into the strict format of a sonnet. 
prose
prose
[Rzeczownik]

spoken or written language in its usual form, in contrast to poetry

proza

proza

Ex: Her writing style is characterized by clear and concise prose, making her novels accessible to a wide audience. 
ballad
ballad
[Rzeczownik]

a tale that is narrated in the form of a song or poem

ballada, pieśń narracyjna

ballada, pieśń narracyjna

Ex: The troubadours of medieval Europe traveled from town to town, singing ballads of love and chivalry. 
antimetabole
antimetabole
[Rzeczownik]

a literary and rhetorical device that involves repeating words or phrases in successive clauses or sentences, but in reverse order

antymetabola, chiazm

antymetabola, chiazm

personification
personification
[Rzeczownik]

a literary device where human qualities or characteristics are attributed to non-human entities, objects, or ideas

uosobienie, wcielenie

uosobienie, wcielenie

Ex: The poem’s personification of the wind made it seem alive and restless. 
allusion
allusion
[Rzeczownik]

a statement that implies or indirectly mentions something or someone else, especially as a literary device

aluzja, nawiązanie

aluzja, nawiązanie

Ex: Her comment about "meeting her Waterloo" was an allusion to Napoleon's final defeat, implying she faced an insurmountable challenge. 
allegorical
allegorical
[przymiotnik]

(of a story, play, image, etc.) using characters or events in a symbolic sense that represent a concept, quality, etc.

alegoryczny, symboliczny

alegoryczny, symboliczny

pun
pun
[Rzeczownik]

a clever or amusing use of words that takes advantage of the multiple meanings or interpretations that it has

gra słów, kalambur

gra słów, kalambur

Ex: She made a clever pun during the meeting that had everyone laughing. 
metaphor
metaphor
[Rzeczownik]

a figure of speech that compares two unrelated things to highlight their similarities and convey a deeper meaning

metafora, figura stylistyczna

metafora, figura stylistyczna

Ex: He used the metaphor of a journey to describe the process of personal growth. 
simile
simile
[Rzeczownik]

a word or phrase that compares two things or people, highlighting the similarities, often introduced by 'like' or 'as'

porównanie, podobieństwo

porównanie, podobieństwo

Ex: The poet used a simile to compare the clouds to cotton candy, painting a vivid picture of their fluffy, ethereal appearance. 
irony
irony
[Rzeczownik]

a form of humor in which the words that someone says mean the opposite, producing an emphatic effect

ironia

ironia

Ex: His irony was so sharp that some people didn’t realize he was mocking them. 
marginalia
marginalia
[Rzeczownik]

marks and notes written in the margins of a book or document

marginalia, notatki na marginesach

marginalia, notatki na marginesach

memoir
memoir
[Rzeczownik]

a written account of a person's own life experiences or a particular period in their life

pamiętnik, autobiografia

pamiętnik, autobiografia

autobiography
autobiography
[Rzeczownik]

the story of the life of a person, written by the same person

autobiografia, pamiętniki

autobiografia, pamiętniki

Ex: He wrote an autobiography to share his life story with the world. 
graphic novel
graphic novel
[Rzeczownik]

a book that combines illustrations and storytelling to convey a narrative, often in a sequential art format

powieść graficzna, komiks

powieść graficzna, komiks

Ex: She is reading a graphic novel that explores dystopian themes. 
anthology
anthology
[Rzeczownik]

a collection of selected writings by various authors, often on a similar theme or subject

antologia, wybór

antologia, wybór

Ex: The university library boasts an extensive anthology of classical literature. 
manuscript
manuscript
[Rzeczownik]

a handwritten or typed document that has not yet been published or printed, often used to refer to an author's draft of a book or other literary work

rękopis, szkic

rękopis, szkic

satirical
satirical
[przymiotnik]

intending to mock, ridicule, or criticize a person, group, or society in a humorous or exaggerated way

satyryczny, ironiczny

satyryczny, ironiczny

Ex: The novel is a satirical critique of modern society. 
excerpt
excerpt
[Rzeczownik]

a short piece taken from a longer composition

fragment

fragment

scroll
scroll
[Rzeczownik]

a roll of parchment, paper, or other material containing writing or images, often used for historical or religious texts

zwój, pergamin

zwój, pergamin

interjection
interjection
[Rzeczownik]

(grammar) a phrase or word used suddenly to express a particular emotion

wykrzyknik, zawołanie

wykrzyknik, zawołanie

Ex: The teacher explained the concept of interjection during grammar class. 
tone
tone
[Rzeczownik]

the quality or character of speech, writing, or behavior that reflects the speaker's or writer's attitude

ton, tonalność

ton, tonalność

Ex: The essay's tone was formal and authoritative. 
canon
canon
[Rzeczownik]

a recognized collection of authoritative books, texts, or works within a particular field or tradition, especially in religion

kanon

kanon

Ex: Shakespeare's plays are considered part of the literary canon in English literature. 
protagonist
protagonist
[Rzeczownik]

the main character in a movie, novel, TV show, etc.

główny bohater, protagonista

główny bohater, protagonista

Ex: The protagonist of the novel is a young orphan who embarks on a journey of self-discovery and adventure. 
heroine
heroine
[Rzeczownik]

the main female character in a story, book, film, etc., typically known for great qualities

bohaterka, żeńska główna postać

bohaterka, żeńska główna postać

Ex: She admired the bravery of the heroine in the novel. 
figurative language

the use of words and expressions that are not meant to be taken literally, but rather to create a vivid, imaginative image or effect in the reader's mind

język obrazowy, język figuratywny

język obrazowy, język figuratywny

melodramatic
melodramatic
[przymiotnik]

exaggerated or overly emotional in a theatrical or sensational way

melodramatyczny, teatralny

melodramatyczny, teatralny

Ex: Sarah's reaction to the minor inconvenience was melodramatic, complete with tears and exclamations. 
dime novel
dime novel
[Rzeczownik]

a cheap paperback novel often featuring an adventure or melodramatic story

tania powieść, powieść przygodowa lub melodramatyczna

tania powieść, powieść przygodowa lub melodramatyczna

to fictionalize
to fictionalize
[Czasownik]

to turn real events or situations into a tale or story, often by changing or adding to the details

sfabularyzować, zbeletryzować

sfabularyzować, zbeletryzować

Ex: The author fictionalized her childhood experiences in her bestselling novel. 
backstory
backstory
[Rzeczownik]

the events that have happened to a character before their story in a book, movie, etc. begins

historia postaci, przeszłość

historia postaci, przeszłość

Ex: The author revealed the protagonist's tragic backstory through a series of flashbacks scattered throughout the novel. 
ghostwriter
ghostwriter
[Rzeczownik]

an author whose work is published under someone else's name

ghostwriter, pisarz widmo

ghostwriter, pisarz widmo

Ex: The celebrity hired a ghostwriter to pen their memoirs. 
glyph
glyph
[Rzeczownik]

a decorative element or symbol carved or inscribed onto a surface

glif, symbol dekoracyjny

glif, symbol dekoracyjny

syntax
syntax
[Rzeczownik]

(linguistics) the way in which words and phrases are arranged to form grammatical sentences in a language

składnia, struktura gramatyczna

składnia, struktura gramatyczna

Ex: In linguistics, syntax refers to the rules that govern the structure of sentences, determining how words are arranged to convey meaning. 
dialect
dialect
[Rzeczownik]

the spoken form of a language specific to a certain region or people which is slightly different from the standard form in words and grammar

dialekt, gwara

dialekt, gwara

Ex: A dialect is a variety of a language spoken by a particular group of people, characterized by unique vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation. 
intonation
intonation
[Rzeczownik]

(phonetics) the rising and falling of the voice when speaking

intonacja

intonacja

Ex: In phonetics, intonation refers to the pattern of rising and falling pitch in speech, which conveys meaning, emotion, and emphasis. 
acronym
acronym
[Rzeczownik]

a word formed from the initial letters of a phrase, pronounced as a single word

akronim, skrótowiec

akronim, skrótowiec

Ex: NASA is an acronym for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 
initialism
initialism
[Rzeczownik]

a type of abbreviation where the first letter of each word in a phrase or name is used to form a pronounceable acronym-like string of letters

skrótowiec, akronim

skrótowiec, akronim

etymology
etymology
[Rzeczownik]

the study of the origins and historical developments of words and their meanings

etymologia

etymologia

Ex: Linguists trace the etymology of "vocabulary" back to Latin "vocabulum," meaning word. 
linguist
linguist
[Rzeczownik]

an expert in the study of language, examining its structure, development, and cultural aspects

językoznawca

językoznawca

Ex: The linguist conducted research on the syntax and grammar of an endangered indigenous language. 
mythology
mythology
[Rzeczownik]

a collection of ancient myths, particularly one that belongs to a group of people and their history, etc.

mitologia

mitologia

Ex: Greek mythology includes stories of gods, goddesses, and heroes such as Zeus, Athena, and Hercules. 
basilisk
basilisk
[Rzeczownik]

a legendary reptile, often depicted as having a deadly gaze or venomous breath

bazyliszek, legendarny gad

bazyliszek, legendarny gad

Ex: The basilisk was feared throughout ancient lore for its deadly gaze. 
burlesque
burlesque
[Rzeczownik]

an absurd or comically exaggerated replication of a literary or dramatic work

parodia, burleska

parodia, burleska

folklore
folklore
[Rzeczownik]

the traditional beliefs, customs, stories, and legends of a particular community, usually passed down through generations by word of mouth

folklor, tradycje ludowe

folklor, tradycje ludowe

Ex: Folklore encompasses a wide range of cultural expressions, including myths, legends, fairy tales, folk songs, and folk dances. 
custom
custom
[Rzeczownik]

a way of behaving or of doing something that is widely accepted in a society or among a specific group of people

zwyczaj, obyczaj

zwyczaj, obyczaj

Ex: It is a custom in Japan to take off your shoes before entering a house. 
lore
lore
[Rzeczownik]

collective knowledge, traditions, beliefs, and stories passed down within a culture or community, typically through storytelling

wiedza, tradycja

wiedza, tradycja

Ex: The tribe's elders passed down ancient lore about the origins of their people. 
elegy
elegy
[Rzeczownik]

a song or poem expressing sadness, especially in the memory of a dead person or a bitter event in the past

elegia, pieśń żałobna

elegia, pieśń żałobna

Ex: The poet composed an elegy to mourn the passing of a beloved friend, capturing the grief and longing felt by those left behind. 
heritage
heritage
[Rzeczownik]

an individual's religious or ethnic background that is passed down to them from their ancestors

dziedzictwo

dziedzictwo

Ex: She takes great pride in her cultural heritage and often participates in traditional ceremonies and festivals. 
time-honored
time-honored
[przymiotnik]

(of traditions, practices, or customs) respected and followed for a long time because of their enduring value or significance

szacowny, tradycyjny

szacowny, tradycyjny

Ex: The time-honored ceremony has been celebrated in our family for generations. 
subculture
subculture
[Rzeczownik]

a group within a larger culture that shares distinctive values, norms, and behaviors, often differing from those of the dominant culture

subkultura, kultura alternatywna

subkultura, kultura alternatywna

Ex: The goth subculture, characterized by its dark fashion and music preferences, often congregates in alternative clubs and events. 
rebirth
rebirth
[Rzeczownik]

a renewed period of growth, popularity, or significance, particularly in cultural, artistic, or economic contexts

odrodzenie, odnowa

odrodzenie, odnowa

Ex: The city underwent a cultural rebirth, revitalizing its arts scene and historical landmarks. 
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