Humanistyka ACT - Literatura i Kultura

a type of verse without rhyme that has an irregular rhythm

wiersz wolny

a series of lines in a poem, usually with recurring rhyme scheme and meter

strofa, wers

a verse of Italian origin that has 14 lines, usually in an iambic pentameter and a prescribed rhyme scheme

sonet

spoken or written language in its usual form, in contrast to poetry

proza

a tale that is narrated in the form of a song or poem

ballada, pieśń

a literary and rhetorical device that involves repeating words or phrases in successive clauses or sentences, but in reverse order

antymetabola

a literary device where human qualities or characteristics are attributed to non-human entities, objects, or ideas

personifikacja

a statement that implies or indirectly mentions something or someone else, especially as a literary device

aluzja, nawiązanie

(of a story, play, image, etc.) using characters or events in a symbolic sense that represent a concept, quality, etc.

allegoryczny, symboliczny

a clever or amusing use of words that takes advantage of the multiple meanings or interpretations that it has

gra słów, kalambur

a figure of speech that compares two unrelated things to highlight their similarities and convey a deeper meaning

metafora

a word or phrase that compares two things or people, highlighting the similarities, often introduced by 'like' or 'as'

przenośnia, porównanie

a form of humor in which the words that someone says mean the opposite, producing an emphatic effect

ironia

marks and notes written in the margins of a book or document

marginalia, notatki marginalne

a written account of a person's own life experiences or a particular period in their life

memoir, autobiografia

the story of the life of a person, written by the same person

autobiografia

a book that combines illustrations and storytelling to convey a narrative, often in a sequential art format

powieść graficzna, komiks

a collection of selected writings by various authors, often on a similar theme or subject

antologia

a handwritten or typed document that has not yet been published or printed, often used to refer to an author's draft of a book or other literary work

manuskrypt, rękopis

intending to mock, ridicule, or criticize a person, group, or society in a humorous or exaggerated way

satyryczny, kpiarski

a short piece taken from a longer composition

fragment, wyciąg

a roll of parchment, paper, or other material containing writing or images, often used for historical or religious texts

zwój, manuskrypt

(grammar) a phrase or word used suddenly to express a particular emotion

wykrzyknik, międzywyraz

the general manner or attitude of the author in a literary work

ton, nastrój

a recognized collection of authoritative books, texts, or works within a particular field or tradition, especially in religion

kanon, zbiór

the main character in a movie, novel, TV show, etc.

protagonista, główny bohater

the main female character in a story, book, film, etc., typically known for great qualities

bohaterka

the use of words and expressions that are not meant to be taken literally, but rather to create a vivid, imaginative image or effect in the reader's mind

język figuratywny, język metaforyczny

exaggerated or overly emotional in a theatrical or sensational way

melodramatyczny

a cheap paperback novel often featuring an adventure or melodramatic story

tani powieść, książka za grosze

to turn real events or situations into a tale or story, often by changing or adding to the details

fikcjonalizować, creować fikcję z

the events that have happened to a character before their story in a book, movie, etc. begins

tło fabularne, historia postaci

an author whose work is published under someone else's name

ghostwriter, pseudonimowy autor

a decorative element or symbol carved or inscribed onto a surface

gify, symbol dekoracyjny

(linguistics) the way in which words and phrases are arranged to form grammatical sentences in a language

składnia, struktura zdań

the spoken form of a language specific to a certain region or people which is slightly different from the standard form in words and grammar

dialekt

(phonetics) the rising and falling of the voice when speaking

intonacja

an abbreviation formed from the initial letters of a group of words, which can be pronounced as a word

akronim

a type of abbreviation where the first letter of each word in a phrase or name is used to form a pronounceable acronym-like string of letters

inicjalizm, akronim

the study of the origins and historical developments of words and their meanings

etymologia

an expert in the study of language, examining its structure, development, and cultural aspects

językoznawca, ekspert językoznawstwa

a collection of ancient myths, particularly one that belongs to a group of people and their history, etc.

mitologia

a mythological creature in Greek mythology, typically depicted as a fire-breathing creature with the body and head of a lion, the head of a goat protruding from its back, and a serpent for a tail

chimera

a legendary reptile, often depicted as having a deadly gaze or venomous breath

bazyliszek

an absurd or comically exaggerated replication of a literary or dramatic work

burleska, parodia

the traditional beliefs, customs, stories, and legends of a particular community, usually passed down through generations by word of mouth

folklor, tradycje ludowe

a way of behaving or of doing something that is widely accepted in a society or among a specific group of people

zwyczaj, tradycja

collective knowledge, traditions, beliefs, and stories passed down within a culture or community, typically through storytelling

tradycja, opowieść

a song or poem expressing sadness, especially in the memory of a dead person or a bitter event in the past

elegia, lament

an individual's religious or ethnic background that is passed down to them from their ancestors

dziedzictwo kulturowe, spadek

(of traditions, practices, or customs) respected and followed for a long time because of their enduring value or significance

tradycyjny, uznawany

a group within a larger culture that shares distinctive values, norms, and behaviors, often differing from those of the dominant culture

subkultura, kultura alternatywna

a renewed period of growth, popularity, or significance, particularly in cultural, artistic, or economic contexts

odrodzenie, wznowienie