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Humanités ACT - Littérature et Culture

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais liés à la littérature et à la culture, tels que "élégie", "satirique", "mémoire", etc. qui vous aideront à réussir vos ACT.

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ACT Vocabulary for Humanities

a type of verse without rhyme that has an irregular rhythm

vers libre

vers libre

stanza
[nom]

a series of lines in a poem, usually with recurring rhyme scheme and meter

strophe

strophe

Ex: The stanza's rhyme scheme was ABAB , giving the poem a rhythmic flow .
sonnet
[nom]

a verse of Italian origin that has 14 lines, usually in an iambic pentameter and a prescribed rhyme scheme

sonnet

sonnet

Ex: She wrote a sonnet for her literature class , following the traditional 14-line structure .Elle a écrit un **sonnet** pour son cours de littérature, suivant la structure traditionnelle de 14 lignes.
prose
[nom]

spoken or written language in its usual form, in contrast to poetry

prose

prose

Ex: The author 's mastery of prose evoked vivid imagery and emotional resonance , immersing readers in the world of her storytelling .La maîtrise de la **prose** par l'auteur a évoqué des images vives et une résonance émotionnelle, plongeant les lecteurs dans le monde de son récit.
ballad
[nom]

a tale that is narrated in the form of a song or poem

ballade

ballade

Ex: The ballad's haunting melody and evocative lyrics made it a favorite among fans of traditional music .La mélodie envoûtante et les paroles évocatrices de la **ballade** en ont fait un favori parmi les amateurs de musique traditionnelle.

a literary and rhetorical device that involves repeating words or phrases in successive clauses or sentences, but in reverse order

antimétabole, chiasme

antimétabole, chiasme

a literary device where human qualities or characteristics are attributed to non-human entities, objects, or ideas

personnification

personnification

Ex: She used personification to depict the flowers as dancing in the breeze .Elle a utilisé la **personnification** pour dépeindre les fleurs comme dansant dans la brise.

a statement that implies or indirectly mentions something or someone else, especially as a literary device

allusion

allusion

Ex: The poet 's allusion to Icarus served as a cautionary tale about the dangers of overambition and hubris .L'**allusion** du poète à Icare a servi de mise en garde contre les dangers de l'ambition excessive et de l'hybris.
allegorical
[Adjectif]

(of a story, play, image, etc.) using characters or events in a symbolic sense that represent a concept, quality, etc.

allégorique

allégorique

pun
[nom]

a clever or amusing use of words that takes advantage of the multiple meanings or interpretations that it has

jeu de mots, calembour

jeu de mots, calembour

Ex: The pun in the advertisement was so funny that it went viral on social media .Le **jeu de mots** dans la publicité était si drôle qu'il est devenu viral sur les réseaux sociaux.

a figure of speech that compares two unrelated things to highlight their similarities and convey a deeper meaning

métaphore

métaphore

Ex: Her speech was filled with powerful metaphors that moved the audience .Son discours était rempli de **métaphores** puissantes qui ont ému le public.
simile
[nom]

a word or phrase that compares two things or people, highlighting the similarities, often introduced by 'like' or 'as'

comparaison

comparaison

Ex: The poet 's use of a simile comparing the stars to diamonds in the sky adds a touch of beauty and sparkle to the nighttime landscape .L'utilisation par le poète d'une **comparaison** comparant les étoiles à des diamants dans le ciel ajoute une touche de beauté et d'éclat au paysage nocturne.
irony
[nom]

a form of humor in which the words that someone says mean the opposite, producing an emphatic effect

ironie

ironie

Ex: Through irony, she pointed out the flaws in their logic without directly insulting them .À travers **l'ironie**, elle a souligné les défauts de leur logique sans les insulter directement.

marks and notes written in the margins of a book or document

notes marginales

notes marginales

memoir
[nom]

a written account of a person's own life experiences or a particular period in their life

mémoire, autobiographie

mémoire, autobiographie

the story of the life of a person, written by the same person

autobiographie

autobiographie

Ex: The autobiography provided a unique perspective on the civil rights movement .L'**autobiographie** a offert une perspective unique sur le mouvement des droits civiques.

a book that combines illustrations and storytelling to convey a narrative, often in a sequential art format

bande dessinée

bande dessinée

Ex: She discovered a graphic novel series that explores historical events .Elle a découvert une série de **romans graphiques** qui explore des événements historiques.

a collection of selected writings by various authors, often on a similar theme or subject

anthologie

anthologie

Ex: Students studied an anthology of plays by Shakespeare for their literature class .Les étudiants ont étudié une **anthologie** de pièces de Shakespeare pour leur cours de littérature.

a handwritten or typed document that has not yet been published or printed, often used to refer to an author's draft of a book or other literary work

manuscrit, brouillon

manuscrit, brouillon

satirical
[Adjectif]

intending to mock, ridicule, or criticize a person, group, or society in a humorous or exaggerated way

satirique, ironique

satirique, ironique

Ex: The film used satirical elements to challenge social norms .Le film a utilisé des éléments **satiriques** pour remettre en question les normes sociales.
excerpt
[nom]

a short piece taken from a longer composition

extrait

extrait

scroll
[nom]

a roll of parchment, paper, or other material containing writing or images, often used for historical or religious texts

parchemin, rouleau

parchemin, rouleau

(grammar) a phrase or word used suddenly to express a particular emotion

interjection

interjection

Ex: During the debate , the speaker highlighted the importance of interjection in conveying emotions in speech .Pendant le débat, l'orateur a souligné l'importance de l'**interjection** dans la transmission des émotions dans le discours.
tone
[nom]

the general manner or attitude of the author in a literary work

registre

registre

canon
[nom]

a recognized collection of authoritative books, texts, or works within a particular field or tradition, especially in religion

canon

canon

Ex: " The Great Gatsby " by F. Scott Fitzgerald is often included in the canon of American literature ."The Great Gatsby" de F. Scott Fitzgerald est souvent inclus dans le **canon** de la littérature américaine.

the main character in a movie, novel, TV show, etc.

protagoniste

protagoniste

Ex: The protagonist's quest for redemption and forgiveness forms the emotional core of the narrative , resonating with audiences on a deeply human level .La quête de rédemption et de pardon du **protagoniste** constitue le noyau émotionnel du récit, résonnant avec le public à un niveau profondément humain.
heroine
[nom]

the main female character in a story, book, film, etc., typically known for great qualities

héroïne

héroïne

Ex: The story is about a heroine who fights evil with her magical powers .L'histoire parle d'une **héroïne** qui combat le mal avec ses pouvoirs magiques.

the use of words and expressions that are not meant to be taken literally, but rather to create a vivid, imaginative image or effect in the reader's mind

langage figuré, langage imagé

langage figuré, langage imagé

melodramatic
[Adjectif]

exaggerated or overly emotional in a theatrical or sensational way

mélodramatique, théâtral

mélodramatique, théâtral

Ex: The teenager 's diary entries were filled with melodramatic accounts of daily challenges and triumphs .Les entrées du journal de l'adolescent étaient remplies de récits **mélodramatiques** des défis et triomphes quotidiens.

a cheap paperback novel often featuring an adventure or melodramatic story

roman à quatre sous

roman à quatre sous

to turn real events or situations into a tale or story, often by changing or adding to the details

romancer, fictionaliser

romancer, fictionaliser

Ex: Authors often fictionalize distant memories to explore deeper emotional truths in their writing .Les auteurs **fictionalisent** souvent des souvenirs lointains pour explorer des vérités émotionnelles plus profondes dans leur écriture.

the events that have happened to a character before their story in a book, movie, etc. begins

profil du personnage

profil du personnage

Ex: The video game 's immersive storyline included optional quests that allowed players to uncover hidden aspects of the protagonist 's backstory.L'histoire immersive du jeu vidéo comprenait des quêtes optionnelles qui permettaient aux joueurs de découvrir des aspects cachés du **passé** du protagoniste.

an author whose work is published under someone else's name

nègre, nègre littéraire, prête-plume

nègre, nègre littéraire, prête-plume

Ex: The ghostwriter's name remained confidential while the author 's name was on the cover .Le nom du **nègre littéraire** est resté confidentiel tandis que le nom de l'auteur figurait sur la couverture.
glyph
[nom]

a decorative element or symbol carved or inscribed onto a surface

glyphe, symbole décoratif

glyphe, symbole décoratif

syntax
[nom]

(linguistics) the way in which words and phrases are arranged to form grammatical sentences in a language

syntaxe

syntaxe

Ex: Syntax analysis helps in identifying how sentence elements like nouns , verbs , and adjectives interact within a given linguistic framework .
dialect
[nom]

the spoken form of a language specific to a certain region or people which is slightly different from the standard form in words and grammar

dialecte

dialecte

Ex: Linguists study dialects to better understand language variation and change , as well as the social and cultural factors that shape linguistic diversity .

(phonetics) the rising and falling of the voice when speaking

intonation

intonation

Ex: Intonation is an important aspect of spoken language that helps listeners interpret the speaker 's attitude , mood , and intention , contributing to effective communication .**L'intonation** est un aspect important du langage parlé qui aide les auditeurs à interpréter l'attitude, l'humeur et l'intention du locuteur, contribuant ainsi à une communication efficace.
acronym
[nom]

a word formed from the initial letters of a phrase, pronounced as a single word

acronyme, sigle

acronyme, sigle

Ex: The company name was created as an acronym from its founders ' initials .Le nom de l'entreprise a été créé comme un **acronyme** à partir des initiales de ses fondateurs.

a type of abbreviation where the first letter of each word in a phrase or name is used to form a pronounceable acronym-like string of letters

sigle, acronyme

sigle, acronyme

the study of the origins and historical developments of words and their meanings

étymologie

étymologie

Ex: The etymology of " amplify " reveals its roots in Latin " amplus , " meaning large or spacious .L'**étymologie** de "amplifier" révèle ses racines dans le latin "amplus", signifiant grand ou spacieux.

an expert in the study of language, examining its structure, development, and cultural aspects

linguiste

linguiste

Ex: Linguists contribute to language preservation efforts , documenting and revitalizing endangered languages .Les **linguistes** contribuent aux efforts de préservation des langues, en documentant et en revitalisant les langues en danger.

a collection of ancient myths, particularly one that belongs to a group of people and their history, etc.

mythologie

mythologie

Ex: Many cultures around the world have their own mythology, which reflects their history , values , and worldview .De nombreuses cultures à travers le monde ont leur propre **mythologie**, qui reflète leur histoire, leurs valeurs et leur vision du monde.
chimera
[nom]

a mythological creature in Greek mythology, typically depicted as a fire-breathing creature with the body and head of a lion, the head of a goat protruding from its back, and a serpent for a tail

chimère

chimère

a legendary reptile, often depicted as having a deadly gaze or venomous breath

basilic, reptile légendaire

basilic, reptile légendaire

Ex: The ancient texts warned of the basilisk's power , advising caution to those who dared to confront it .Les textes anciens mettaient en garde contre le pouvoir du **basilic**, conseillant la prudence à ceux qui osaient l'affronter.

an absurd or comically exaggerated replication of a literary or dramatic work

parodie

parodie

the traditional beliefs, customs, stories, and legends of a particular community, usually passed down through generations by word of mouth

folklore

folklore

Ex: Folklore can also evolve over time , adapting to changes in society and incorporating new influences while retaining its essential character and meaning .Le **folklore** peut également évoluer avec le temps, s'adaptant aux changements dans la société et intégrant de nouvelles influences tout en conservant son caractère et sa signification essentiels.
custom
[nom]

a way of behaving or of doing something that is widely accepted in a society or among a specific group of people

coutume

coutume

Ex: The custom of having afternoon tea is still popular in some parts of the UK .La **coutume** de prendre le thé de l'après-midi est encore populaire dans certaines régions du Royaume-Uni.
lore
[nom]

collective knowledge, traditions, beliefs, and stories passed down within a culture or community, typically through storytelling

savoir, tradition

savoir, tradition

Ex: Exploring the lore of ancient civilizations helps archaeologists understand their societal structures and religious practices .Explorer les **traditions** des civilisations anciennes aide les archéologues à comprendre leurs structures sociétales et pratiques religieuses.
elegy
[nom]

a song or poem expressing sadness, especially in the memory of a dead person or a bitter event in the past

élégie

élégie

Ex: Through the elegy, the poet found catharsis in expressing their grief and honoring the memory of the departed .À travers l'**élégie**, le poète a trouvé une catharsis en exprimant sa douleur et en honorant la mémoire du défunt.

an individual's religious or ethnic background that is passed down to them from their ancestors

héritage

héritage

Ex: She learned traditional recipes from her grandmother , preserving her culinary heritage for future generations .Elle a appris des recettes traditionnelles de sa grand-mère, préservant ainsi **son héritage** culinaire pour les générations futures.
time-honored
[Adjectif]

(of traditions, practices, or customs) respected and followed for a long time because of their enduring value or significance

vénérable, traditionnel

vénérable, traditionnel

Ex: The library is a repository of time-honored literature that has shaped generations of readers .La bibliothèque est un dépôt de littérature **vénérable** qui a façonné des générations de lecteurs.

a group within a larger culture that shares distinctive values, norms, and behaviors, often differing from those of the dominant culture

sous-culture, subculture

sous-culture, subculture

Ex: The punk subculture emerged in the 1970s as a rebellion against mainstream culture, with its distinctive music, fashion, and anti-establishment attitudes still prevalent among its followers today.La **sous-culture** punk est apparue dans les années 1970 en tant que rébellion contre la culture dominante, avec sa musique, sa mode et ses attitudes anti-establishment distinctives encore prévalentes parmi ses adeptes aujourd'hui.
rebirth
[nom]

a renewed period of growth, popularity, or significance, particularly in cultural, artistic, or economic contexts

renaissance, renouveau

renaissance, renouveau

Ex: The economic rebirth of the neighborhood came with new businesses and community initiatives .La **renaissance** économique du quartier est venue avec de nouvelles entreprises et des initiatives communautaires.
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