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Humanitní Vědy ACT - Literatura a kultura

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s literaturou a kulturou, jako je „elegie“, „satirical“, „memoir“ atd., která vám pomohou zvládnout vaše ACT.

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ACT Vocabulary for Humanities
free verse
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of verse without rhyme that has an irregular rhythm

volný verš, svobodný verš

volný verš, svobodný verš

stanza
[Podstatné jméno]

a series of lines in a poem, usually with recurring rhyme scheme and meter

stanza, sloka

stanza, sloka

Ex: stanza's rhyme scheme was ABAB , giving the poem a rhythmic flow .
sonnet
[Podstatné jméno]

a verse of Italian origin that has 14 lines, usually in an iambic pentameter and a prescribed rhyme scheme

sonet, sonetová báseň

sonet, sonetová báseň

Ex: She wrote sonnet for her literature class , following the traditional 14-line structure .
prose
[Podstatné jméno]

spoken or written language in its usual form, in contrast to poetry

proza, text

proza, text

Ex: The author 's mastery prose evoked vivid imagery and emotional resonance , immersing readers in the world of her storytelling .
ballad
[Podstatné jméno]

a tale that is narrated in the form of a song or poem

balada, pověst

balada, pověst

Ex: ballad's haunting melody and evocative lyrics made it a favorite among fans of traditional music .
antimetabole
[Podstatné jméno]

a literary and rhetorical device that involves repeating words or phrases in successive clauses or sentences, but in reverse order

antimetabola, antimetabole

antimetabola, antimetabole

personification
[Podstatné jméno]

a literary device where human qualities or characteristics are attributed to non-human entities, objects, or ideas

personifikace, zosobnění

personifikace, zosobnění

Ex: She personification to depict the flowers as dancing in the breeze .
allusion
[Podstatné jméno]

a statement that implies or indirectly mentions something or someone else, especially as a literary device

narážka, aluze

narážka, aluze

Ex: The poetallusion to Icarus served as a cautionary tale about the dangers of overambition and hubris .
allegorical
[Přídavné jméno]

(of a story, play, image, etc.) using characters or events in a symbolic sense that represent a concept, quality, etc.

allegorický, symbolický

allegorický, symbolický

pun
[Podstatné jméno]

a clever or amusing use of words that takes advantage of the multiple meanings or interpretations that it has

hříčka, kal ambiguita

hříčka, kal ambiguita

Ex: pun in the advertisement was so funny that it went viral on social media .
metaphor
[Podstatné jméno]

a figure of speech that compares two unrelated things to highlight their similarities and convey a deeper meaning

metafora, obraz

metafora, obraz

Ex: Her speech was filled with metaphors that moved the audience .
simile
[Podstatné jméno]

a word or phrase that compares two things or people, highlighting the similarities, often introduced by 'like' or 'as'

přirovnání, simile

přirovnání, simile

Ex: The poet 's use of simile comparing the stars to diamonds in the sky adds a touch of beauty and sparkle to the nighttime landscape .
irony
[Podstatné jméno]

a form of humor in which the words that someone says mean the opposite, producing an emphatic effect

ironie, opozice

ironie, opozice

Ex: irony, she pointed out the flaws in their logic without directly insulting them .
marginalia
[Podstatné jméno]

marks and notes written in the margins of a book or document

okrajové poznámky, marginalie

okrajové poznámky, marginalie

memoir
[Podstatné jméno]

a written account of a person's own life experiences or a particular period in their life

memoár, vzpomínková kniha

memoár, vzpomínková kniha

autobiography
[Podstatné jméno]

the story of the life of a person, written by the same person

autobiografie, životopis

autobiografie, životopis

Ex: autobiography provided a unique perspective on the civil rights movement .
graphic novel
[Podstatné jméno]

a book that combines illustrations and storytelling to convey a narrative, often in a sequential art format

grafický román, komiksový román

grafický román, komiksový román

Ex: She discovered graphic novel series that explores historical events .
anthology
[Podstatné jméno]

a collection of selected writings by various authors, often on a similar theme or subject

sbírka, antologie

sbírka, antologie

Ex: Students studied anthology of plays by Shakespeare for their literature class .
manuscript
[Podstatné jméno]

a handwritten or typed document that has not yet been published or printed, often used to refer to an author's draft of a book or other literary work

rukopis, manuskript

rukopis, manuskript

satirical
[Přídavné jméno]

intending to mock, ridicule, or criticize a person, group, or society in a humorous or exaggerated way

satirický, satirizující

satirický, satirizující

Ex: The film satirical elements to challenge social norms .
excerpt
[Podstatné jméno]

a short piece taken from a longer composition

úryvek, výňatek

úryvek, výňatek

scroll
[Podstatné jméno]

a roll of parchment, paper, or other material containing writing or images, often used for historical or religious texts

svitek, rolka

svitek, rolka

interjection
[Podstatné jméno]

(grammar) a phrase or word used suddenly to express a particular emotion

výkřik, interjekce

výkřik, interjekce

Ex: During the debate , the speaker highlighted the importance interjection in conveying emotions in speech .
tone
[Podstatné jméno]

the general manner or attitude of the author in a literary work

tón, nálada

tón, nálada

canon
[Podstatné jméno]

a recognized collection of authoritative books, texts, or works within a particular field or tradition, especially in religion

kanón, kánon

kanón, kánon

Ex: " The Great Gatsby " by F. Scott Fitzgerald is often included in canon of American literature .
protagonist
[Podstatné jméno]

the main character in a movie, novel, TV show, etc.

hlavní postava, protagonista

hlavní postava, protagonista

Ex: protagonist's quest for redemption and forgiveness forms the emotional core of the narrative , resonating with audiences on a deeply human level .
heroine
[Podstatné jméno]

the main female character in a story, book, film, etc., typically known for great qualities

hrdinka, hrdinka (ženská postava)

hrdinka, hrdinka (ženská postava)

Ex: The story is about heroine who fights evil with her magical powers .
figurative language
[Podstatné jméno]

the use of words and expressions that are not meant to be taken literally, but rather to create a vivid, imaginative image or effect in the reader's mind

obrazný jazyk, figuratívní zkratka

obrazný jazyk, figuratívní zkratka

melodramatic
[Přídavné jméno]

exaggerated or overly emotional in a theatrical or sensational way

melodramatický, přehnaně emotivní

melodramatický, přehnaně emotivní

Ex: The teenager 's diary entries were filled melodramatic accounts of daily challenges and triumphs .
dime novel
[Podstatné jméno]

a cheap paperback novel often featuring an adventure or melodramatic story

dolarová novela, levný román

dolarová novela, levný román

to turn real events or situations into a tale or story, often by changing or adding to the details

fikcionalizovat, představit jako fikci

fikcionalizovat, představit jako fikci

Ex: Authors fictionalize distant memories to explore deeper emotional truths in their writing .
backstory
[Podstatné jméno]

the events that have happened to a character before their story in a book, movie, etc. begins

předhistorie, zázemí postavy

předhistorie, zázemí postavy

Ex: The video game 's immersive storyline included optional quests that allowed players to uncover hidden aspects of the protagonistbackstory.
ghostwriter
[Podstatné jméno]

an author whose work is published under someone else's name

ghostwriter, duchovní spisovatel

ghostwriter, duchovní spisovatel

Ex: ghostwriter's name remained confidential while the author 's name was on the cover .
glyph
[Podstatné jméno]

a decorative element or symbol carved or inscribed onto a surface

glic, symbol

glic, symbol

syntax
[Podstatné jméno]

(linguistics) the way in which words and phrases are arranged to form grammatical sentences in a language

syntaktika, syntax

syntaktika, syntax

Ex: Syntax analysis helps in identifying how sentence elements like nouns , verbs , and adjectives interact within a given linguistic framework .
dialect
[Podstatné jméno]

the spoken form of a language specific to a certain region or people which is slightly different from the standard form in words and grammar

dialekt, nářečí

dialekt, nářečí

Ex: Linguists dialects to better understand language variation and change , as well as the social and cultural factors that shape linguistic diversity .
intonation
[Podstatné jméno]

(phonetics) the rising and falling of the voice when speaking

intonace, intonovaní

intonace, intonovaní

Ex: Intonation is an important aspect of spoken language that helps listeners interpret the speaker 's attitude , mood , and intention , contributing to effective communication .
acronym
[Podstatné jméno]

a word formed from the initial letters of a phrase, pronounced as a single word

akronym, zkratka

akronym, zkratka

Ex: The company name was created as acronym from its founders ' initials .
initialism
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of abbreviation where the first letter of each word in a phrase or name is used to form a pronounceable acronym-like string of letters

inicialismus, zkratka

inicialismus, zkratka

etymology
[Podstatné jméno]

the study of the origins and historical developments of words and their meanings

etymologie, původ slov

etymologie, původ slov

Ex: etymology of " amplify " reveals its roots in Latin " amplus , " meaning large or spacious .
linguist
[Podstatné jméno]

an expert in the study of language, examining its structure, development, and cultural aspects

lingvista, jazykovědec

lingvista, jazykovědec

Ex: Linguists contribute to language preservation efforts , documenting and revitalizing endangered languages .
mythology
[Podstatné jméno]

a collection of ancient myths, particularly one that belongs to a group of people and their history, etc.

mytologie, mýtus

mytologie, mýtus

Ex: Many cultures around the world have their mythology, which reflects their history , values , and worldview .
chimera
[Podstatné jméno]

a mythological creature in Greek mythology, typically depicted as a fire-breathing creature with the body and head of a lion, the head of a goat protruding from its back, and a serpent for a tail

chiméra, chimerický tvor

chiméra, chimerický tvor

basilisk
[Podstatné jméno]

a legendary reptile, often depicted as having a deadly gaze or venomous breath

bazilišek, basilisk

bazilišek, basilisk

Ex: The ancient texts warned of basilisk's power , advising caution to those who dared to confront it .
burlesque
[Podstatné jméno]

an absurd or comically exaggerated replication of a literary or dramatic work

burleska, parodie

burleska, parodie

folklore
[Podstatné jméno]

the traditional beliefs, customs, stories, and legends of a particular community, usually passed down through generations by word of mouth

folklór, lidová tradice

folklór, lidová tradice

Ex: Folklore can also evolve over time , adapting to changes in society and incorporating new influences while retaining its essential character and meaning .
custom
[Podstatné jméno]

a way of behaving or of doing something that is widely accepted in a society or among a specific group of people

zvyk, obyčej

zvyk, obyčej

Ex: custom of having afternoon tea is still popular in some parts of the UK .
lore
[Podstatné jméno]

collective knowledge, traditions, beliefs, and stories passed down within a culture or community, typically through storytelling

pověsti, vědomosti

pověsti, vědomosti

Ex: Exploring lore of ancient civilizations helps archaeologists understand their societal structures and religious practices .
elegy
[Podstatné jméno]

a song or poem expressing sadness, especially in the memory of a dead person or a bitter event in the past

elegie, žalozpěv

elegie, žalozpěv

Ex: Through elegy, the poet found catharsis in expressing their grief and honoring the memory of the departed .
heritage
[Podstatné jméno]

an individual's religious or ethnic background that is passed down to them from their ancestors

dědictví, kulturní dědictví

dědictví, kulturní dědictví

Ex: She learned traditional recipes from her grandmother , preserving her heritage for future generations .
time-honored
[Přídavné jméno]

(of traditions, practices, or customs) respected and followed for a long time because of their enduring value or significance

tradiční, osvědčený

tradiční, osvědčený

Ex: The library is a repository time-honored literature that has shaped generations of readers .
subculture
[Podstatné jméno]

a group within a larger culture that shares distinctive values, norms, and behaviors, often differing from those of the dominant culture

subkultura, podkultura

subkultura, podkultura

Ex: The punk subculture emerged in the 1970s as a rebellion against mainstream culture, with its distinctive music, fashion, and anti-establishment attitudes still prevalent among its followers today.
rebirth
[Podstatné jméno]

a renewed period of growth, popularity, or significance, particularly in cultural, artistic, or economic contexts

obrození, znovuzrození

obrození, znovuzrození

Ex: The rebirth of the neighborhood came with new businesses and community initiatives .
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