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Гуманітарні Науки ACT - Література та Культура

Тут ви вивчите деякі англійські слова, пов’язані з літературою та культурою, такі як "елегія", "сатиричний", "мемуари" тощо, які допоможуть вам успішно здати ACT.

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ACT Vocabulary for Humanities
free verse
free verse
[іменник]

a type of verse without rhyme that has an irregular rhythm

вільний вірш, вільна поезія

вільний вірш, вільна поезія

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stanza
stanza
[іменник]

a series of lines in a poem, usually with recurring rhyme scheme and meter

строфа, куплет

строфа, куплет

Ex: The poem was structured with four stanzas, each following a different theme. 
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sonnet
sonnet
[іменник]

a verse of Italian origin that has 14 lines, usually in an iambic pentameter and a prescribed rhyme scheme

сонет, вірш із чотирнадцяти рядків

сонет, вірш із чотирнадцяти рядків

Ex: He struggled to fit his thoughts into the strict format of a sonnet. 
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prose
prose
[іменник]

spoken or written language in its usual form, in contrast to poetry

проза

проза

Ex: Her writing style is characterized by clear and concise prose, making her novels accessible to a wide audience. 
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ballad
ballad
[іменник]

a tale that is narrated in the form of a song or poem

балада, оповідальна пісня

балада, оповідальна пісня

Ex: The troubadours of medieval Europe traveled from town to town, singing ballads of love and chivalry. 
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antimetabole
antimetabole
[іменник]

a literary and rhetorical device that involves repeating words or phrases in successive clauses or sentences, but in reverse order

антиметабола, хіазм

антиметабола, хіазм

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personification
personification
[іменник]

a literary device where human qualities or characteristics are attributed to non-human entities, objects, or ideas

уособлення, втілення

уособлення, втілення

Ex: The poem’s personification of the wind made it seem alive and restless. 
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allusion
allusion
[іменник]

a statement that implies or indirectly mentions something or someone else, especially as a literary device

натяк, посилання

натяк, посилання

Ex: Her comment about "meeting her Waterloo" was an allusion to Napoleon's final defeat, implying she faced an insurmountable challenge. 
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allegorical
allegorical
[прикметник]

(of a story, play, image, etc.) using characters or events in a symbolic sense that represent a concept, quality, etc.

алегоричний, символічний

алегоричний, символічний

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pun
pun
[іменник]

a clever or amusing use of words that takes advantage of the multiple meanings or interpretations that it has

гра слів, каламбур

гра слів, каламбур

Ex: She made a clever pun during the meeting that had everyone laughing. 
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metaphor
metaphor
[іменник]

a figure of speech that compares two unrelated things to highlight their similarities and convey a deeper meaning

метафора

метафора

Ex: He used the metaphor of a journey to describe the process of personal growth. 
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simile
simile
[іменник]

a word or phrase that compares two things or people, highlighting the similarities, often introduced by 'like' or 'as'

порівняння, подібність

порівняння, подібність

Ex: The poet used a simile to compare the clouds to cotton candy, painting a vivid picture of their fluffy, ethereal appearance. 
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irony
irony
[іменник]

a form of humor in which the words that someone says mean the opposite, producing an emphatic effect

іронія

іронія

Ex: His irony was so sharp that some people didn’t realize he was mocking them. 
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marginalia
marginalia
[іменник]

marks and notes written in the margins of a book or document

маргіналії, нотатки на полях

маргіналії, нотатки на полях

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memoir
memoir
[іменник]

a written account of a person's own life experiences or a particular period in their life

мемуари, автобіографія

мемуари, автобіографія

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autobiography
autobiography
[іменник]

the story of the life of a person, written by the same person

автобіографія, мемуари

автобіографія, мемуари

Ex: He wrote an autobiography to share his life story with the world. 
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graphic novel
graphic novel
[іменник]

a book that combines illustrations and storytelling to convey a narrative, often in a sequential art format

графічний роман, комікс

графічний роман, комікс

Ex: She is reading a graphic novel that explores dystopian themes. 
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anthology
anthology
[іменник]

a collection of selected writings by various authors, often on a similar theme or subject

антологія, збірник

антологія, збірник

Ex: The university library boasts an extensive anthology of classical literature. 
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manuscript
manuscript
[іменник]

a handwritten or typed document that has not yet been published or printed, often used to refer to an author's draft of a book or other literary work

рукопис, чернетка

рукопис, чернетка

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satirical
satirical
[прикметник]

intending to mock, ridicule, or criticize a person, group, or society in a humorous or exaggerated way

сатиричний, іронічний

сатиричний, іронічний

Ex: The novel is a satirical critique of modern society. 
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excerpt
excerpt
[іменник]

a short piece taken from a longer composition

уривок

уривок

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scroll
scroll
[іменник]

a roll of parchment, paper, or other material containing writing or images, often used for historical or religious texts

сувій, пергамент

сувій, пергамент

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interjection
interjection
[іменник]

(grammar) a phrase or word used suddenly to express a particular emotion

вигук, оклик

вигук, оклик

Ex: The teacher explained the concept of interjection during grammar class. 
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tone
tone
[іменник]

the quality or character of speech, writing, or behavior that reflects the speaker's or writer's attitude

тон, тональність

тон, тональність

Ex: The essay's tone was formal and authoritative. 
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canon
canon
[іменник]

a recognized collection of authoritative books, texts, or works within a particular field or tradition, especially in religion

канон

канон

Ex: Shakespeare's plays are considered part of the literary canon in English literature. 
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protagonist
protagonist
[іменник]

the main character in a movie, novel, TV show, etc.

головний герой, протагоніст

головний герой, протагоніст

Ex: The protagonist of the novel is a young orphan who embarks on a journey of self-discovery and adventure. 
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heroine
heroine
[іменник]

the main female character in a story, book, film, etc., typically known for great qualities

героїня

героїня

Ex: She admired the bravery of the heroine in the novel. 
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figurative language
figurative language
[іменник]

the use of words and expressions that are not meant to be taken literally, but rather to create a vivid, imaginative image or effect in the reader's mind

образна мова, фігуративна мова

образна мова, фігуративна мова

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melodramatic
melodramatic
[прикметник]

exaggerated or overly emotional in a theatrical or sensational way

мелодраматичний, театральний

мелодраматичний, театральний

Ex: Sarah's reaction to the minor inconvenience was melodramatic, complete with tears and exclamations. 
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dime novel
dime novel
[іменник]

a cheap paperback novel often featuring an adventure or melodramatic story

дешевий роман, бульварний роман

дешевий роман, бульварний роман

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to fictionalize
to fictionalize
[дієслово]

to turn real events or situations into a tale or story, often by changing or adding to the details

вигадувати, романізувати

вигадувати, романізувати

Ex: The author fictionalized her childhood experiences in her bestselling novel. 
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backstory
backstory
[іменник]

the events that have happened to a character before their story in a book, movie, etc. begins

передісторія, минуле

передісторія, минуле

Ex: The author revealed the protagonist's tragic backstory through a series of flashbacks scattered throughout the novel. 
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ghostwriter
ghostwriter
[іменник]

an author whose work is published under someone else's name

літературний негр, примарний письменник

літературний негр, примарний письменник

Ex: The celebrity hired a ghostwriter to pen their memoirs. 
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glyph
glyph
[іменник]

a decorative element or symbol carved or inscribed onto a surface

гліф, декоративний символ

гліф, декоративний символ

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syntax
syntax
[іменник]

(linguistics) the way in which words and phrases are arranged to form grammatical sentences in a language

синтаксис, граматична структура

синтаксис, граматична структура

Ex: In linguistics, syntax refers to the rules that govern the structure of sentences, determining how words are arranged to convey meaning. 
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dialect
dialect
[іменник]

the spoken form of a language specific to a certain region or people which is slightly different from the standard form in words and grammar

діалект, говір

діалект, говір

Ex: A dialect is a variety of a language spoken by a particular group of people, characterized by unique vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation. 
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intonation
intonation
[іменник]

(phonetics) the rising and falling of the voice when speaking

інтонація

інтонація

Ex: In phonetics, intonation refers to the pattern of rising and falling pitch in speech, which conveys meaning, emotion, and emphasis. 
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acronym
acronym
[іменник]

a word formed from the initial letters of a phrase, pronounced as a single word

акронім, абревіатура

акронім, абревіатура

Ex: NASA is an acronym for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 
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initialism
initialism
[іменник]

a type of abbreviation where the first letter of each word in a phrase or name is used to form a pronounceable acronym-like string of letters

абревіатура, акронім

абревіатура, акронім

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etymology
etymology
[іменник]

the study of the origins and historical developments of words and their meanings

етимологія

етимологія

Ex: Linguists trace the etymology of "vocabulary" back to Latin "vocabulum," meaning word. 
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linguist
linguist
[іменник]

an expert in the study of language, examining its structure, development, and cultural aspects

лінгвіст

лінгвіст

Ex: The linguist conducted research on the syntax and grammar of an endangered indigenous language. 
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mythology
mythology
[іменник]

a collection of ancient myths, particularly one that belongs to a group of people and their history, etc.

міфологія

міфологія

Ex: Greek mythology includes stories of gods, goddesses, and heroes such as Zeus, Athena, and Hercules. 
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basilisk
basilisk
[іменник]

a legendary reptile, often depicted as having a deadly gaze or venomous breath

василіск, легендарна рептилія

василіск, легендарна рептилія

Ex: The basilisk was feared throughout ancient lore for its deadly gaze. 
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burlesque
burlesque
[іменник]

an absurd or comically exaggerated replication of a literary or dramatic work

пародія, бурлеск

пародія, бурлеск

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folklore
folklore
[іменник]

the traditional beliefs, customs, stories, and legends of a particular community, usually passed down through generations by word of mouth

фольклор, народні традиції

фольклор, народні традиції

Ex: Folklore encompasses a wide range of cultural expressions, including myths, legends, fairy tales, folk songs, and folk dances. 
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custom
custom
[іменник]

a way of behaving or of doing something that is widely accepted in a society or among a specific group of people

обичай

обичай

Ex: It is a custom in Japan to take off your shoes before entering a house. 
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lore
lore
[іменник]

collective knowledge, traditions, beliefs, and stories passed down within a culture or community, typically through storytelling

знання, традиція

знання, традиція

Ex: The tribe's elders passed down ancient lore about the origins of their people. 
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elegy
elegy
[іменник]

a song or poem expressing sadness, especially in the memory of a dead person or a bitter event in the past

елегія, похоронна пісня

елегія, похоронна пісня

Ex: The poet composed an elegy to mourn the passing of a beloved friend, capturing the grief and longing felt by those left behind. 
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heritage
heritage
[іменник]

an individual's religious or ethnic background that is passed down to them from their ancestors

спадщина

спадщина

Ex: She takes great pride in her cultural heritage and often participates in traditional ceremonies and festivals. 
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time-honored
time-honored
[прикметник]

(of traditions, practices, or customs) respected and followed for a long time because of their enduring value or significance

шанований, традиційний

шанований, традиційний

Ex: The time-honored ceremony has been celebrated in our family for generations. 
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subculture
subculture
[іменник]

a group within a larger culture that shares distinctive values, norms, and behaviors, often differing from those of the dominant culture

субкультура, підкультура

субкультура, підкультура

Ex: The goth subculture, characterized by its dark fashion and music preferences, often congregates in alternative clubs and events. 
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rebirth
rebirth
[іменник]

a renewed period of growth, popularity, or significance, particularly in cultural, artistic, or economic contexts

відродження, оновлення

відродження, оновлення

Ex: The city underwent a cultural rebirth, revitalizing its arts scene and historical landmarks. 
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