the grouping of people into different levels or ranks according to their power or importance within a society or system

hiérarchie
a system of writing using symbols or pictures, originally used by the ancient Egyptians

hiéroglyphes
a person that one is opposed to and fights or competes with

adversaire
against someone or something's advantage

défavorable
a situation marked by hardship or misfortune

adversité
the period during which a woman is pregnant, from conception to birth

gestation
to start to grow, producing buds or branches

germer
to give up, surrender, or part with a possession, right, or claim

renoncer à
a box or case for holding and displaying sacred objects

reliquaire
to enjoy or take pleasure in something greatly

prendre plaisir à
an object or part of an object surviving from the past, typically with historical or emotional value, often linked to a person, event, or era

vestige
displaying or possessing extensive knowledge that is acquired by studying and reading

érudit
deep, extensive learning or knowledge

érudition
idle, indolent, or showing little effort, often in a dreamy or unmotivated way

apathique, indolent
(of hair or eyes) without shine, sheen, or brightness

terne
to realize through the senses

percevoir, discerner, déceler
(of a person) able to quickly and accurately understand or notice things due to keen awareness and insight

perspicace
to confine someone in prison or a similar facility due to legal reasons or as a form of punishment

incarcérer
the act of putting or keeping someone in captivity

incarcération
existing in a physical form, especially in reference to a quality or concept

incarné
