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Sciences Naturelles SAT - Botanique et Jardinage

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais liés à la botanique et au jardinage, tels que "biennal", "mycologie", "sépale", etc., dont vous aurez besoin pour réussir vos SATs.

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SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences

a student of or specialist in the scientific study of plants, their structure, genetics, classification, etc.

botaniste, spécialiste en botanique

botaniste, spécialiste en botanique

Ex: The botanist worked with conservationists to protect endangered plant species from habitat loss due to deforestation .Le **botaniste** a travaillé avec des conservationnistes pour protéger les espèces végétales menacées de la perte d'habitat due à la déforestation.

a plant that lives for two years and in its second year produces seeds and flowers

bisannuel

bisannuel

any type of plant with leaves that remain green throughout the year

plante à feuilles persistantes, conifère

plante à feuilles persistantes, conifère

Ex: The old cemetery was surrounded by tall evergreens, their steady presence offering a sense of peace and continuity.L'ancien cimetière était entouré de grands **conifères**, leur présence constante offrant un sentiment de paix et de continuité.
patch
[nom]

a small plot of land that is used for growing a particular type of crops or plants

carré, parcelle

carré, parcelle

foliage
[nom]

a plant or tree's branches and leaves collectively

feuillage

feuillage

Ex: In autumn , the foliage of the trees turns brilliant shades of red and orange .En automne, **le feuillage** des arbres prend des teintes brillantes de rouge et d'orange.
bulb
[nom]

the ball-shaped root of some plants that grows anew every year

bulbe, oignon

bulbe, oignon

Ex: The onion bulb grew underground and was harvested for cooking .Le **bulbe** d'oignon a poussé sous terre et a été récolté pour la cuisine.

a specially formulated mixture of organic and inorganic materials used to grow plants in containers

terreau pour pots, substrat de rempotage

terreau pour pots, substrat de rempotage

crown
[nom]

the top part of a tree or other plant

couronne

couronne

Ex: The dense crown of the fir tree provided excellent shelter for wildlife during the winter .La **cime** dense du sapin offrait un excellent abri pour la faune pendant l'hiver.

a sealed or open container for growing and displaying small plants, often used as a decorative piece indoors

terrarium, jardin miniature sous verre

terrarium, jardin miniature sous verre

Ex: Terrariums require occasional watering and indirect sunlight to thrive .Les **terrariums** nécessitent un arrosage occasionnel et une lumière indirecte du soleil pour prospérer.
to prune
[verbe]

to cut off top part or some branches of trees, bushes, or other plants to help them grow faster

tailler, élaguer

tailler, élaguer

Ex: He prunes the grapevines in the vineyard to remove excess growth and improve grape quality .Il **taille** les vignes dans le vignoble pour éliminer l'excès de croissance et améliorer la qualité du raisin.
to graft
[verbe]

to cut and join a piece of a living plant to another plant so that it can continue growing from there

greffer

greffer

grove
[nom]

a small group of trees planted closely together, often cultivated for their ornamental value or fruit production

bosquet, verger

bosquet, verger

Ex: Gardeners planted a grove of redwoods to create a shaded retreat in the park .Les jardiniers ont planté **un bosquet** de séquoias pour créer un lieu ombragé dans le parc.

to deposit pollen on a plant or flower so that it can produce new seeds or fruit

polliniser

polliniser

Ex: Some plants , like corn , are pollinated by the wind , while others , like tomatoes , rely on bees .Certaines plantes, comme le maïs, sont **pollinisées** par le vent, tandis que d'autres, comme les tomates, dépendent des abeilles.

a process in green plants during which the plant synthesizes using water and carbon dioxide

photosynthèse

photosynthèse

trees and plants in general, particularly those of a specific habitat or area

végétation

végétation

Ex: The boreal forest 's vegetation, dominated by evergreen conifers , stretches for miles across the northern latitudes , with sparse undergrowth due to the harsh climate .La **végétation** de la forêt boréale, dominée par des conifères à feuilles persistantes, s'étend sur des kilomètres à travers les latitudes nord, avec un sous-bois clairsemé en raison du climat rigoureux.

the use of plants to clean up soil, water, and air contaminated with hazardous pollutants

phytoremédiation, dépollution par les plantes

phytoremédiation, dépollution par les plantes

the scientific study of fungi, including their taxonomy, biology, ecology, and uses

mycologie

mycologie

Ex: A course in mycology covers topics such as fungal morphology , reproduction , and cultivation techniques .Un cours de **mycologie** couvre des sujets tels que la morphologie fongique, la reproduction et les techniques de culture.

the process by which the reproductive unit of the plants or fungi begins to grow and develop into a new organism

germination des spores, processus de germination des spores

germination des spores, processus de germination des spores

the tendency of plants to grow toward or away from light, influenced by the direction and intensity of light

phototropisme, tropisme photique

phototropisme, tropisme photique

Ex: Farmers use knowledge of phototropism to optimize crop placement for maximum sunlight exposure .Les agriculteurs utilisent la connaissance du **phototropisme** pour optimiser le placement des cultures afin d'obtenir une exposition maximale au soleil.
stalk
[nom]

the slender, elongated part of a plant that supports leaves, flowers, or fruits

tige, queue

tige, queue

Ex: They picked the juicy tomatoes , gently twisting the stalks to separate them from the vine .Ils ont choisi les tomates juteuses, en tordant doucement les **tiges** pour les séparer de la vigne.
sprout
[nom]

a new growth or bud on a plant, typically emerging from a seed, bulb, or dormant bud

germe, pousse

germe, pousse

Ex: The basil plant had several new sprouts after being pruned .La plante de basilic avait plusieurs nouvelles **pousses** après avoir été taillée.
taproot
[nom]

the primary, central root of a plant that grows vertically downward, typically thicker than other roots, anchoring the plant and absorbing water and nutrients

racine pivotante, racine principale

racine pivotante, racine principale

Ex: The taproot system of oak trees extends deep into the soil for stability and support .Le système de **racine pivotante** des chênes s'étend profondément dans le sol pour la stabilité et le support.
sepal
[nom]

the outermost part of a flower, typically green and leaf-like in appearance, protecting the flower bud before it opens

sépale, calice

sépale, calice

Ex: During pollination , sepals may change color or shape to attract pollinators like bees .Pendant la pollinisation, les **sépales** peuvent changer de couleur ou de forme pour attirer les pollinisateurs comme les abeilles.

a small plant of the daisy family with a yellow flower that turns into a fluffy white ball of seeds

pissenlit, dent-de-lion

pissenlit, dent-de-lion

tulip
[nom]

a flower shaped like a cup that has bright colors and blossoms in spring

tulipe

tulipe

Ex: In the spring , the tulip fields stretched as far as the eye could see , attracting many visitors for a picturesque view .Au printemps, les champs de **tulipes** s'étendaient à perte de vue, attirant de nombreux visiteurs pour une vue pittoresque.
stoma
[nom]

a microscopic pore found on the surface of leaves and stems of plants, involved in gas exchange, including the uptake of carbon dioxide and release of oxygen and water vapor

stomate, pore stomatique

stomate, pore stomatique

Ex: The stoma provides a pathway for gases to move in and out of the plant 's tissues during photosynthesis .Le **stomate** fournit une voie pour que les gaz entrent et sortent des tissus de la plante pendant la photosynthèse.
algae
[nom]

plants without true roots, leaves, or stems, which grow in or near a body of water, such as seaweeds

algues

algues

Ex: The scientists studied various types of algae to understand their potential for biofuel production .Les scientifiques ont étudié divers types d'**algues** pour comprendre leur potentiel dans la production de biocarburants.

the microscopic, photosynthetic organisms found in aquatic environments, such as oceans, lakes, and rivers, forming the base of the aquatic food chain

phytoplancton, plancton végétal

phytoplancton, plancton végétal

Ex: Phytoplankton blooms provide essential nutrients for marine organisms and help regulate Earth 's climate .Les **efflorescences de phytoplancton** fournissent des nutriments essentiels aux organismes marins et aident à réguler le climat de la Terre.

a genus of flowering shrubs and small trees known for their clusters of white or pink flowers, followed by berries, commonly found in temperate regions

viorne, obier

viorne, obier

Ex: Botanists study the diversity of viburnum species across different climatic zones.Les botanistes étudient la diversité des espèces de **viorne** à travers différentes zones climatiques.
moss
[nom]

a small, non-vascular plant that lacks true roots, stems, and leaves, typically forming dense green mats or cushions in damp or shady environments

mousse, bryophyte

mousse, bryophyte

Ex: Researchers study moss diversity and adaptation to understand their ecological roles in various habitats.Les chercheurs étudient la diversité et l'adaptation des **mousses** pour comprendre leurs rôles écologiques dans divers habitats.
seaweed
[nom]

a type of plant that grows in or near the sea

algues

algues

Ex: The beach was littered with seaweed after the storm , creating a natural carpet of green and brown .La plage était jonchée de **algues** après la tempête, créant un tapis naturel de vert et de brun.
peony
[nom]

a flowering plant known for its large, showy blossoms with lush, often fragrant petals

pivoine, rose de Chine

pivoine, rose de Chine

a plant in the family Euphorbiaceae, known for their diverse forms from succulents to shrubs, typically characterized by milky sap and unique flower structures

euphorbe, plante de la famille des Euphorbiacées

euphorbe, plante de la famille des Euphorbiacées

Ex: Botanists study euphorbias to understand their ecological roles and evolutionary adaptations .Les botanistes étudient les **euphorbes** pour comprendre leurs rôles écologiques et leurs adaptations évolutives.
sprig
[nom]

a small, slender branch or shoot with leaves, commonly used in decorative arrangements or for propagation in gardening and landscaping

brindille, rameau

brindille, rameau

Ex: A sprig of ivy draped elegantly over the garden trellis , adding a touch of greenery .Une **brindille** de lierre drapée élégamment sur le treillis du jardin, ajoutant une touche de verdure.
Sciences Naturelles SAT
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