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Естественные Науки SAT - Ботаника и Садоводство

Здесь вы узнаете некоторые английские слова, связанные с ботаникой и садоводством, такие как "двулетний", "микология", "чашелистик" и т.д., которые вам понадобятся для успешной сдачи SAT.

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SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
botanist
botanist
[существительное]

a student of or specialist in the scientific study of plants, their structure, genetics, classification, etc.

ботаник

ботаник

Ex: The botanist spent years cataloging rare plant species in the Amazon rainforest to understand their ecological role. 
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biennial
biennial
[существительное]

a plant that lives for two years and in its second year produces seeds and flowers

двухгодичный

двухгодичный

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evergreen
evergreen
[существительное]

any type of plant with leaves that remain green throughout the year

вечнозеленый

вечнозеленый

Ex: They admired the row of evergreens lining the driveway, adding year-round beauty and privacy. 
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patch
patch
[существительное]

a small plot of land that is used for growing a particular type of crops or plants

участок

участок

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foliage
foliage
[существительное]

a plant or tree's branches and leaves collectively

листва

листва

Ex: The dense foliage provided a cool shade on a hot day. 
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bulb
bulb
[существительное]

the ball-shaped root of some plants that grows anew every year

луковица

луковица

Ex: She discovered a forgotten bulb of garlic in the pantry and decided to use it in her recipe. 
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potting soil
potting soil
[существительное]

a specially formulated mixture of organic and inorganic materials used to grow plants in containers

грунт для горшков, почвосмесь для контейнеров

грунт для горшков, почвосмесь для контейнеров

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crown
crown
[существительное]

the top part of a tree or other plant

крона дерева

крона дерева

Ex: The bird built its nest in the crown of the tall oak tree, safe from predators. 
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terrarium
terrarium
[существительное]

a sealed or open container for growing and displaying small plants, often used as a decorative piece indoors

террариум, миниатюрный сад

террариум, миниатюрный сад

Ex: She created a beautiful terrarium with succulents and moss on her windowsill. 
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to prune
to prune
[глагол]

to cut off top part or some branches of trees, bushes, or other plants to help them grow faster

прореживать

прореживать

Ex: She prunes the rose bushes in the garden to encourage more blooms. 
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to graft
to graft
[глагол]

to cut and join a piece of a living plant to another plant so that it can continue growing from there

привить

привить

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grove
grove
[существительное]

a small group of trees planted closely together, often cultivated for their ornamental value or fruit production

роща, фруктовый сад

роща, фруктовый сад

Ex: The olive grove stretched across the hillside, producing a bounty of fruits each year. 
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to pollinate
to pollinate
[глагол]

to deposit pollen on a plant or flower so that it can produce new seeds or fruit

опылять, опыляться

опылять, опыляться

Ex: Bees pollinate flowers as they collect nectar, aiding in the reproduction of plants. 
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photosynthesis
photosynthesis
[существительное]

a process in green plants during which the plant synthesizes using water and carbon dioxide

фотосинтез

фотосинтез

Ex: Photosynthesis in leaves produces the oxygen we breathe. 
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vegetation
vegetation
[существительное]

trees and plants in general, particularly those of a specific habitat or area

растительность

растительность

Ex: The dense vegetation in the tropical rainforest creates a lush canopy that filters sunlight and supports a myriad of wildlife. 
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phytoremediation
phytoremediation
[существительное]

the use of plants to clean up soil, water, and air contaminated with hazardous pollutants

фиторемедиация, очистка с помощью растений

фиторемедиация, очистка с помощью растений

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mycology
mycology
[существительное]

the scientific study of fungi, including their taxonomy, biology, ecology, and uses

микология

микология

Ex: Mycology research focuses on understanding fungal diversity and evolution. 
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spore germination
spore germination
[существительное]

the process by which the reproductive unit of the plants or fungi begins to grow and develop into a new organism

прорастание спор, процесс прорастания спор

прорастание спор, процесс прорастания спор

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phototropism
phototropism
[существительное]

the tendency of plants to grow toward or away from light, influenced by the direction and intensity of light

фототропизм, световой тропизм

фототропизм, световой тропизм

Ex: Sunflowers exhibit phototropism by turning their heads to face the sun throughout the day. 
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stalk
stalk
[существительное]

the slender, elongated part of a plant that supports leaves, flowers, or fruits

стебель, черенок

стебель, черенок

Ex: As she prepared the celery for a salad, she trimmed the leafy stalks and discarded the tougher parts. 
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sprout
sprout
[существительное]

a new growth or bud on a plant, typically emerging from a seed, bulb, or dormant bud

росток, побег

росток, побег

Ex: The garden was filled with tiny sprouts pushing through the soil after the rain. 
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taproot
taproot
[существительное]

the primary, central root of a plant that grows vertically downward, typically thicker than other roots, anchoring the plant and absorbing water and nutrients

стержневой корень, главный корень

стержневой корень, главный корень

Ex: Carrots are known for their taproots, which store nutrients for the plant. 
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sepal
sepal
[существительное]

the outermost part of a flower, typically green and leaf-like in appearance, protecting the flower bud before it opens

чашелистик, чашечка

чашелистик, чашечка

Ex: The sepals of the rose flower were tinged with pink, contrasting with its petals. 
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dandelion
dandelion
[существительное]

a small plant with yellow flowers that turn into round, fluffy seed heads

одуванчик

одуванчик

Ex: Children blew the seeds off a dandelion. 
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tulip
tulip
[существительное]

a flower shaped like a cup that has bright colors and blossoms in spring

тюльпан

тюльпан

Ex: The garden was adorned with a variety of tulips, creating a vibrant display of red, yellow, and pink flowers. 
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stoma
stoma
[существительное]

a microscopic pore found on the surface of leaves and stems of plants, involved in gas exchange, including the uptake of carbon dioxide and release of oxygen and water vapor

стома, устьице

стома, устьице

Ex: Each stoma on the leaf's surface opens and closes to regulate the plant's water balance. 
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algae
algae
[существительное]

plants without true roots, leaves, or stems, which grow in or near a body of water, such as seaweeds

водоросли

водоросли

Ex: Some vegan cheeses use algae-based ingredients to achieve a creamy texture and unique flavor. 
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phytoplankton
phytoplankton
[существительное]

the microscopic, photosynthetic organisms found in aquatic environments, such as oceans, lakes, and rivers, forming the base of the aquatic food chain

фитопланктон, растительный планктон

фитопланктон, растительный планктон

Ex: Phytoplankton are crucial producers in marine ecosystems, converting sunlight into energy. 
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viburnum
viburnum
[существительное]

a genus of flowering shrubs and small trees known for their clusters of white or pink flowers, followed by berries, commonly found in temperate regions

калина, бульденеж

калина, бульденеж

Ex: The viburnum bush in our garden blooms with fragrant white flowers every spring. 
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moss
moss
[существительное]

a small, non-vascular plant that lacks true roots, stems, and leaves, typically forming dense green mats or cushions in damp or shady environments

мох, бриофит

мох, бриофит

Ex: The moss covered the forest floor in a soft carpet of green. 
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seaweed
seaweed
[существительное]

a type of plant that grows in or near the sea

водоросль

водоросль

Ex: I enjoy the refreshing taste of seaweed salad. 
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peony
peony
[существительное]

a flowering plant known for its large, showy blossoms with lush, often fragrant petals

пион, китайская роза

пион, китайская роза

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euphorbia
euphorbia
[существительное]

a plant in the family Euphorbiaceae, known for their diverse forms from succulents to shrubs, typically characterized by milky sap and unique flower structures

молочай, растение семейства Молочайные

молочай, растение семейства Молочайные

Ex: The euphorbia in the garden had bright yellow flowers and thick, fleshy leaves. 
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sprig
sprig
[существительное]

a small, slender branch or shoot with leaves, commonly used in decorative arrangements or for propagation in gardening and landscaping

веточка, побег

веточка, побег

Ex: She placed a sprig of cherry blossoms in a vase to brighten up the room. 
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