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自然科学SAT - 植物学和园艺

在这里,您将学习一些与植物学和园艺相关的英语单词,例如“biennial”、“mycology”、“sepal”等,您需要这些单词才能在 SAT 考试中取得好成绩。

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SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
botanist
[名词]

a student of or specialist in the scientific study of plants, their structure, genetics, classification, etc.

植物学家, 植物研究者

植物学家, 植物研究者

Ex: botanist worked with conservationists to protect endangered plant species from habitat loss due to deforestation .
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biennial
[名词]

a plant that lives for two years and in its second year produces seeds and flowers

二年生植物, 二年生

二年生植物, 二年生

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evergreen
[名词]

any type of plant with leaves that remain green throughout the year

常青树, 常绿植物

常青树, 常绿植物

Ex: The old cemetery was surrounded by tall evergreens, their steady presence offering a sense of peace and continuity.
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patch
[名词]

a small plot of land that is used for growing a particular type of crops or plants

一小块土地, 小菜园

一小块土地, 小菜园

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foliage
[名词]

a plant or tree's branches and leaves collectively

树叶, 树冠

树叶, 树冠

Ex: In autumn , foliage of the trees turns brilliant shades of red and orange .
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bulb
[名词]

the ball-shaped root of some plants that grows anew every year

球茎, 鳞茎

球茎, 鳞茎

Ex: The bulb grew underground and was harvested for cooking .
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potting soil
[名词]

a specially formulated mixture of organic and inorganic materials used to grow plants in containers

盆栽土, 花卉土壤

盆栽土, 花卉土壤

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crown
[名词]

the top part of a tree or other plant

树冠, 树顶

树冠, 树顶

Ex: The crown of the fir tree provided excellent shelter for wildlife during the winter .
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terrarium
[名词]

a sealed or open container for growing and displaying small plants, often used as a decorative piece indoors

玻璃花园, 植物箱

玻璃花园, 植物箱

Ex: Terrariums require occasional watering and indirect sunlight to thrive .
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to prune
[动词]

to cut off top part or some branches of trees, bushes, or other plants to help them grow faster

修剪, 剪枝

修剪, 剪枝

Ex: prunes the grapevines in the vineyard to remove excess growth and improve grape quality .
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to graft
[动词]

to cut and join a piece of a living plant to another plant so that it can continue growing from there

嫁接, 接穗

嫁接, 接穗

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grove
[名词]

a small group of trees planted closely together, often cultivated for their ornamental value or fruit production

树丛, 小树林

树丛, 小树林

Ex: Gardeners planted grove of redwoods to create a shaded retreat in the park .
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to pollinate
[动词]

to deposit pollen on a plant or flower so that it can produce new seeds or fruit

授粉, 花粉传播

授粉, 花粉传播

Ex: Some plants , like corn , pollinated by the wind , while others , like tomatoes , rely on bees .
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a process in green plants during which the plant synthesizes using water and carbon dioxide

光合作用, 光合成

光合作用, 光合成

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vegetation
[名词]

trees and plants in general, particularly those of a specific habitat or area

植被, 草木

植被, 草木

Ex: The boreal forestvegetation, dominated by evergreen conifers , stretches for miles across the northern latitudes , with sparse undergrowth due to the harsh climate .
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the use of plants to clean up soil, water, and air contaminated with hazardous pollutants

植物修复, 植物净化

植物修复, 植物净化

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mycology
[名词]

the scientific study of fungi, including their taxonomy, biology, ecology, and uses

真菌学, 菌学

真菌学, 菌学

Ex: A course mycology covers topics such as fungal morphology , reproduction , and cultivation techniques .
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the process by which the reproductive unit of the plants or fungi begins to grow and develop into a new organism

孢子发芽, 孢子萌发

孢子发芽, 孢子萌发

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phototropism
[名词]

the tendency of plants to grow toward or away from light, influenced by the direction and intensity of light

向光性, 光趋性

向光性, 光趋性

Ex: Farmers use knowledge phototropism to optimize crop placement for maximum sunlight exposure .
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stalk
[名词]

the slender, elongated part of a plant that supports leaves, flowers, or fruits

茎, 杆

茎, 杆

Ex: They picked the juicy tomatoes , gently twisting stalks to separate them from the vine .
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sprout
[名词]

a new growth or bud on a plant, typically emerging from a seed, bulb, or dormant bud

幼芽, 芽

幼芽, 芽

Ex: The basil plant had several sprouts after being pruned .
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taproot
[名词]

the primary, central root of a plant that grows vertically downward, typically thicker than other roots, anchoring the plant and absorbing water and nutrients

主根, 直根

主根, 直根

Ex: taproot system of oak trees extends deep into the soil for stability and support .
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sepal
[名词]

the outermost part of a flower, typically green and leaf-like in appearance, protecting the flower bud before it opens

萼片, 外萼

萼片, 外萼

Ex: During pollinationsepals may change color or shape to attract pollinators like bees .
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dandelion
[名词]

a small plant of the daisy family with a yellow flower that turns into a fluffy white ball of seeds

蒲公英, 黄花丹

蒲公英, 黄花丹

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tulip
[名词]

a flower shaped like a cup that has bright colors and blossoms in spring

郁金香, 唐菖蒲

郁金香, 唐菖蒲

Ex: In the spring , tulip fields stretched as far as the eye could see , attracting many visitors for a picturesque view .
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stoma
[名词]

a microscopic pore found on the surface of leaves and stems of plants, involved in gas exchange, including the uptake of carbon dioxide and release of oxygen and water vapor

气孔, 孔隙

气孔, 孔隙

Ex: stoma provides a pathway for gases to move in and out of the plant 's tissues during photosynthesis .
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algae
[名词]

plants without true roots, leaves, or stems, which grow in or near a body of water, such as seaweeds

藻类, 海藻

藻类, 海藻

Ex: The scientists studied various types algae to understand their potential for biofuel production .
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the microscopic, photosynthetic organisms found in aquatic environments, such as oceans, lakes, and rivers, forming the base of the aquatic food chain

浮游植物, 植物性浮游生物

浮游植物, 植物性浮游生物

Ex: Phytoplankton blooms provide essential nutrients for marine organisms and help regulate Earth 's climate .
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viburnum
[名词]

a genus of flowering shrubs and small trees known for their clusters of white or pink flowers, followed by berries, commonly found in temperate regions

荚蒾, 胭脂树

荚蒾, 胭脂树

Ex: Botanists study the diversity of viburnum species across different climatic zones.
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moss
[名词]

a small, non-vascular plant that lacks true roots, stems, and leaves, typically forming dense green mats or cushions in damp or shady environments

苔藓, 藓

苔藓, 藓

Ex: Researchers study moss diversity and adaptation to understand their ecological roles in various habitats.
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seaweed
[名词]

a type of plant that grows in or near the sea

海藻, 水藻

海藻, 水藻

Ex: The beach was littered seaweed after the storm , creating a natural carpet of green and brown .
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peony
[名词]

a flowering plant known for its large, showy blossoms with lush, often fragrant petals

牡丹, 芍药

牡丹, 芍药

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euphorbia
[名词]

a plant in the family Euphorbiaceae, known for their diverse forms from succulents to shrubs, typically characterized by milky sap and unique flower structures

大戟科植物, 大戟

大戟科植物, 大戟

Ex: Botanists euphorbias to understand their ecological roles and evolutionary adaptations .
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sprig
[名词]

a small, slender branch or shoot with leaves, commonly used in decorative arrangements or for propagation in gardening and landscaping

嫩枝, 小枝

嫩枝, 小枝

Ex: sprig of ivy draped elegantly over the garden trellis , adding a touch of greenery .
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