SAT Natural Sciences - Botany and Gardening

Here you will learn some English words related to botany and gardening, such as "biennial", "mycology", "sepal", etc. that you will need to ace your SATs.

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SAT Natural Sciences
botanist [noun]

a student of or specialist in the scientific study of plants, their structure, genetics, classification, etc.

Ex: The botanist presented his research on the classification of new plant species discovered in the remote mountain range .
biennial [noun]

a plant that lives for two years and in its second year produces seeds and flowers

any type of plant with leaves that remain green throughout the year

Ex: The landscaper suggested planting several evergreens to ensure the garden remained lush and green throughout the year .
patch [noun]

a small plot of land that is used for growing a particular type of crops or plants

foliage [noun]

a plant or tree's branches and leaves collectively

Ex: She admired the intricate patterns of the foliage in the forest .
bulb [noun]

the ball-shaped root of some plants that grows anew every year

Ex: In spring , the tulip bulb sprouted leaves and eventually bloomed into vibrant flowers .

a specially formulated mixture of organic and inorganic materials used to grow plants in containers

crown [noun]

the top part of a tree or other plant

Ex: From the ground , they could see the crown of the palm tree swaying gently in the breeze .

a sealed or open container for growing and displaying small plants, often used as a decorative piece indoors

Ex: Children enjoy making terrariums as a hands-on learning activity about plants .
to prune [verb]

to cut off top part or some branches of trees, bushes, or other plants to help them grow faster

Ex: The gardener prunes the shrubs along the walkway to maintain their size and appearance .
to graft [verb]

to cut and join a piece of a living plant to another plant so that it can continue growing from there

grove [noun]

a small group of trees planted closely together, often cultivated for their ornamental value or fruit production

Ex: The grove of apple trees was carefully pruned to maximize fruit quality .

to deposit pollen on a plant or flower so that it can produce new seeds or fruit

Ex: Farmers often rely on honeybees to pollinate their crops , ensuring a successful harvest .

a process in green plants during which the plant synthesizes using water and carbon dioxide

Ex: The efficiency of photosynthesis drops in extreme heat or drought .

trees and plants in general, particularly those of a specific habitat or area

Ex: In the spring , the hillsides are covered in vibrant green vegetation as wildflowers bloom , creating a picturesque landscape .

the use of plants to clean up soil, water, and air contaminated with hazardous pollutants

mycology [noun]

the scientific study of fungi, including their taxonomy, biology, ecology, and uses

Ex:

the process by which the reproductive unit of the plants or fungi begins to grow and develop into a new organism

the tendency of plants to grow toward or away from light, influenced by the direction and intensity of light

Ex: Plant biologists study phototropism to understand how plants perceive and respond to light stimuli .
stalk [noun]

the slender, elongated part of a plant that supports leaves, flowers, or fruits

Ex: As she prepared the celery for a salad , she trimmed the leafy stalks and discarded the tougher parts .
sprout [noun]

a new growth or bud on a plant, typically emerging from a seed, bulb, or dormant bud

Ex: The spring onions had delicate green sprouts at their tops .
taproot [noun]

the primary, central root of a plant that grows vertically downward, typically thicker than other roots, anchoring the plant and absorbing water and nutrients

Ex: Taproots anchor plants firmly in the ground and facilitate water absorption .
sepal [noun]

the outermost part of a flower, typically green and leaf-like in appearance, protecting the flower bud before it opens

Ex: Botanists examine the number and arrangement of sepals to classify different plant species .

a small plant of the daisy family with a yellow flower that turns into a fluffy white ball of seeds

tulip [noun]

a flower shaped like a cup that has bright colors and blossoms in spring

Ex: Tulips were planted in rows along the park ’s walkway , providing a cheerful and colorful springtime display .
stoma [noun]

a microscopic pore found on the surface of leaves and stems of plants, involved in gas exchange, including the uptake of carbon dioxide and release of oxygen and water vapor

Ex: Botanists study the structure of the stoma to understand how plants adapt to different climates .
algae [noun]

plants without true roots, leaves, or stems, which grow in or near a body of water, such as seaweeds

Ex:

the microscopic, photosynthetic organisms found in aquatic environments, such as oceans, lakes, and rivers, forming the base of the aquatic food chain

Ex: Scientists monitor phytoplankton populations to assess ocean health and productivity .
viburnum [noun]

a genus of flowering shrubs and small trees known for their clusters of white or pink flowers, followed by berries, commonly found in temperate regions

Ex:
moss [noun]

a small, non-vascular plant that lacks true roots, stems, and leaves, typically forming dense green mats or cushions in damp or shady environments

Ex: Gardeners use moss to create lush , natural-looking landscapes in shaded areas .
seaweed [noun]

a type of plant that grows in or near the sea

Ex:
peony [noun]

a flowering plant known for its large, showy blossoms with lush, often fragrant petals

a plant in the family Euphorbiaceae, known for their diverse forms from succulents to shrubs, typically characterized by milky sap and unique flower structures

Ex:
sprig [noun]

a small, slender branch or shoot with leaves, commonly used in decorative arrangements or for propagation in gardening and landscaping

Ex: The wedding bouquet was adorned with sprigs of lavender for their fragrance .