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SAT Natural Sciences - Botany and Gardening

Here you will learn some English words related to botany and gardening, such as "biennial", "mycology", "sepal", etc. that you will need to ace your SATs.

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SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
botanist
botanist
[noun]

a student of or specialist in the scientific study of plants, their structure, genetics, classification, etc.

Ex: The botanist spent years cataloging rare plant species in the Amazon rainforest to understand their ecological role. 
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biennial
biennial
[noun]

a plant that lives for two years and in its second year produces seeds and flowers

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evergreen
evergreen
[noun]

any type of plant with leaves that remain green throughout the year

Ex: They admired the row of evergreens lining the driveway, adding year-round beauty and privacy. 
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patch
patch
[noun]

a small plot of land that is used for growing a particular type of crops or plants

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foliage
foliage
[noun]

a plant or tree's branches and leaves collectively

Ex: The dense foliage provided a cool shade on a hot day. 
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bulb
bulb
[noun]

the ball-shaped root of some plants that grows anew every year

Ex: She discovered a forgotten bulb of garlic in the pantry and decided to use it in her recipe. 
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potting soil

a specially formulated mixture of organic and inorganic materials used to grow plants in containers

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crown
crown
[noun]

the top part of a tree or other plant

Ex: The bird built its nest in the crown of the tall oak tree, safe from predators. 
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terrarium
terrarium
[noun]

a sealed or open container for growing and displaying small plants, often used as a decorative piece indoors

Ex: She created a beautiful terrarium with succulents and moss on her windowsill. 
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to prune
to prune
[Verb]

to cut off top part or some branches of trees, bushes, or other plants to help them grow faster

Ex: She prunes the rose bushes in the garden to encourage more blooms. 
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to graft
to graft
[Verb]

to cut and join a piece of a living plant to another plant so that it can continue growing from there

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grove
grove
[noun]

a small group of trees planted closely together, often cultivated for their ornamental value or fruit production

Ex: The olive grove stretched across the hillside, producing a bounty of fruits each year. 
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to pollinate

to deposit pollen on a plant or flower so that it can produce new seeds or fruit

Ex: Bees pollinate flowers as they collect nectar, aiding in the reproduction of plants. 
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photosynthesis

a process in green plants during which the plant synthesizes using water and carbon dioxide

Ex: Photosynthesis in leaves produces the oxygen we breathe. 
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vegetation

trees and plants in general, particularly those of a specific habitat or area

Ex: The dense vegetation in the tropical rainforest creates a lush canopy that filters sunlight and supports a myriad of wildlife. 
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phytoremediation

the use of plants to clean up soil, water, and air contaminated with hazardous pollutants

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mycology
mycology
[noun]

the scientific study of fungi, including their taxonomy, biology, ecology, and uses

Ex: Mycology research focuses on understanding fungal diversity and evolution. 
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spore germination

the process by which the reproductive unit of the plants or fungi begins to grow and develop into a new organism

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phototropism

the tendency of plants to grow toward or away from light, influenced by the direction and intensity of light

Ex: Sunflowers exhibit phototropism by turning their heads to face the sun throughout the day. 
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stalk
stalk
[noun]

the slender, elongated part of a plant that supports leaves, flowers, or fruits

Ex: As she prepared the celery for a salad, she trimmed the leafy stalks and discarded the tougher parts. 
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sprout
sprout
[noun]

a new growth or bud on a plant, typically emerging from a seed, bulb, or dormant bud

Ex: The garden was filled with tiny sprouts pushing through the soil after the rain. 
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taproot
taproot
[noun]

the primary, central root of a plant that grows vertically downward, typically thicker than other roots, anchoring the plant and absorbing water and nutrients

Ex: Carrots are known for their taproots, which store nutrients for the plant. 
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sepal
sepal
[noun]

the outermost part of a flower, typically green and leaf-like in appearance, protecting the flower bud before it opens

Ex: The sepals of the rose flower were tinged with pink, contrasting with its petals. 
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dandelion
dandelion
[noun]

a small plant with yellow flowers that turn into round, fluffy seed heads

Ex: Children blew the seeds off a dandelion. 
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tulip
tulip
[noun]

a flower shaped like a cup that has bright colors and blossoms in spring

Ex: The garden was adorned with a variety of tulips, creating a vibrant display of red, yellow, and pink flowers. 
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stoma
stoma
[noun]

a microscopic pore found on the surface of leaves and stems of plants, involved in gas exchange, including the uptake of carbon dioxide and release of oxygen and water vapor

Ex: Each stoma on the leaf's surface opens and closes to regulate the plant's water balance. 
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algae
algae
[noun]

plants without true roots, leaves, or stems, which grow in or near a body of water, such as seaweeds

Ex: Some vegan cheeses use algae-based ingredients to achieve a creamy texture and unique flavor. 
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phytoplankton

the microscopic, photosynthetic organisms found in aquatic environments, such as oceans, lakes, and rivers, forming the base of the aquatic food chain

Ex: Phytoplankton are crucial producers in marine ecosystems, converting sunlight into energy. 
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viburnum
viburnum
[noun]

a genus of flowering shrubs and small trees known for their clusters of white or pink flowers, followed by berries, commonly found in temperate regions

Ex: The viburnum bush in our garden blooms with fragrant white flowers every spring. 
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moss
moss
[noun]

a small, non-vascular plant that lacks true roots, stems, and leaves, typically forming dense green mats or cushions in damp or shady environments

Ex: The moss covered the forest floor in a soft carpet of green. 
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seaweed
seaweed
[noun]

a type of plant that grows in or near the sea

Ex: I enjoy the refreshing taste of seaweed salad. 
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peony
peony
[noun]

a flowering plant known for its large, showy blossoms with lush, often fragrant petals

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euphorbia
euphorbia
[noun]

a plant in the family Euphorbiaceae, known for their diverse forms from succulents to shrubs, typically characterized by milky sap and unique flower structures

Ex: The euphorbia in the garden had bright yellow flowers and thick, fleshy leaves. 
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sprig
sprig
[noun]

a small, slender branch or shoot with leaves, commonly used in decorative arrangements or for propagation in gardening and landscaping

Ex: She placed a sprig of cherry blossoms in a vase to brighten up the room. 
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