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Humanités SAT - Politique et Législature

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais liés à la politique et à la législature, tels que "traité", "confédération", "sommet", etc., dont vous aurez besoin pour réussir vos SATs.

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SAT Vocabulary for Humanities
policy
policy
[nom]

a set of ideas or a plan of action that has been chosen officially by a group of people, an organization, a political party, etc.

politique

politique

Ex: The school district adopted a zero-tolerance policy for bullying.

Le district scolaire a adopté une politique de tolérance zéro en matière d'intimidation.

referendum

a vote in which all the people of a country are asked to decide on one political question

référendum

référendum

Ex: The prime minister resigned after losing the referendum on constitutional reform .

Le premier ministre a démissionné après avoir perdu le référendum sur la réforme constitutionnelle.

treaty
treaty
[nom]

an official agreement between two or more governments or states

traité

traité

Ex: The extradition treaty allowed for the transfer of criminals between the two countries to face justice .

Le traité d'extradition a permis le transfert de criminels entre les deux pays pour qu'ils soient jugés.

amendment

a formal change, addition, or alteration made to a law, contract, constitution, or other legal document

amendement, modification

amendement, modification

Ex: The teacher made an amendment to the syllabus to include an extra assignment .

L'enseignant a apporté un amendement au programme pour inclure un devoir supplémentaire.

constitution

the official laws and principles by which a country or state is governed

constitution

constitution

Ex: The constitution of South Africa , adopted in 1996 , enshrines the principles of equality and human dignity as core values of the nation .

La constitution de l'Afrique du Sud, adoptée en 1996, consacre les principes d'égalité et de dignité humaine comme valeurs fondamentales de la nation.

tenure
tenure
[nom]

a period or condition of holding a position

durée, mandat

durée, mandat

Ex: Many young professionals aspire to secure tenure due to the job security and benefits it offers .

De nombreux jeunes professionnels aspirent à obtenir une tenure en raison de la sécurité de l'emploi et des avantages qu'elle offre.

inauguration

a formal ceremony at which a person is admitted to office

inauguration

inauguration

Ex: The inauguration festivities included parades , concerts , and fireworks to celebrate the new administration .

Les festivités d'inauguration comprenaient des défilés, des concerts et des feux d'artifice pour célébrer la nouvelle administration.

reign
reign
[nom]

the length of time during which a king, queen, or other monarch rules

règne

règne

Ex: The museum exhibited artifacts from the reign of ancient Pharaohs .

Le musée a exposé des artefacts du règne des anciens pharaons.

chamber
chamber
[nom]

a formal meeting place where discussions or decisions take place, particularly within a administrative or judicial context

chambre, salle des séances

chambre, salle des séances

Ex: During the summit , leaders from across the region gathered in the diplomatic chamber to discuss regional security issues .

Lors du sommet, les dirigeants de toute la région se sont réunis dans la chambre diplomatique pour discuter des questions de sécurité régionale.

Congress

the legislative body of the United States, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives

congrès

congrès

Ex: The law was reviewed and approved by Congress.

La loi a été examinée et approuvée par le Congrès.

confederacy

a group of people or political organization united by a common cause

confédération

confédération

prime minister

the head of government in parliamentary democracies, who is responsible for leading the government and making important decisions on policies and law-making

premier ministre, chef du gouvernement

premier ministre, chef du gouvernement

Ex: The Prime Minister's term in office ended after a successful vote of no confidence in Parliament.

Le mandat du Premier ministre a pris fin après un vote de défiance réussi au Parlement.

democrat

someone who supports social equality, healthcare reform, environmental protection, and a more active role for government in addressing social issues

Démocrate

Démocrate

Ex: In recent elections, Democrats have focused on issues like affordable education and criminal justice reform.

Lors des élections récentes, les démocrates se sont concentrés sur des questions telles que l'éducation abordable et la réforme de la justice pénale.

liberal
liberal
[nom]

a person who advocates for progressive reforms, often in politics, economics, or social policies

libéral

libéral

Ex: She identified as a liberal and actively campaigned for environmental protections and social justice initiatives.

Elle s'est identifiée comme une libérale et a activement fait campagne pour la protection de l'environnement et les initiatives de justice sociale.

Republican

(in the US) someone who supports or is a member of the Republican Party

républicain, républicaine

républicain, républicaine

conservative

a person who aligns with or supports the principles and policies traditionally associated with conservative political ideologies

conservateur, conservatrice

conservateur, conservatrice

Ex: Many conservative MPs voiced their concerns over the proposed tax reforms.

De nombreux députés conservateurs ont exprimé leurs préoccupations concernant les réformes fiscales proposées.

communist

a member of a political party that advocates a system aiming for a classless society where resources are owned collectively and distributed based on need

communiste

communiste

Ex: The communist's speeches often emphasized solidarity among workers and the need for international cooperation against imperialism .

Les discours du communiste mettaient souvent l'accent sur la solidarité entre les travailleurs et la nécessité d'une coopération internationale contre l'impérialisme.

turnout
turnout
[nom]

the percentage or number of eligible voters who actually cast their vote

participation électorale, taux de participation

participation électorale, taux de participation

Ex: Efforts to increase voter turnout included extending polling hours and providing transportation.

Les efforts pour augmenter la participation électorale comprenaient l'extension des heures de vote et la fourniture de transport.

democracy

a form of government where the power is vested in the hands of the people, either directly or through elected representatives

démocratie

démocratie

Ex: In a democracy, the judiciary is independent from the executive and legislative branches .

Dans une démocratie, le pouvoir judiciaire est indépendant des branches exécutive et législative.

colony
colony
[nom]

any territory under the full or partial control of another more powerful nation, often occupied by settlers from that nation

colonie

colonie

realm
realm
[nom]

a territory or area of land governed by a monarch or sovereign ruler

domaine

domaine

Ex: The king 's coronation ceremony marked his ascension to the throne and his commitment to govern the realm justly and wisely .

La cérémonie de couronnement du roi a marqué son ascension au trône et son engagement à gouverner le royaume avec justice et sagesse.

party
party
[nom]

an official political group with shared beliefs, goals, and policies aiming to be a part of or form a government

parti

parti

Ex: In celebration of their electoral victory , the party hosted a gala event to thank volunteers and donors for their contributions .

Parti a organisé une soirée de gala pour remercier les bénévoles et les donateurs de leurs contributions, en célébration de leur victoire électorale.

pact
pact
[nom]

a formal agreement between parties, particularly to help one another

pacte

pacte

Ex: The treaty served as a historic pact, fostering peace and cooperation between the formerly rival nations .

Le traité a servi de pacte historique, favorisant la paix et la coopération entre les nations autrefois rivales.

proposition

the act of presenting an idea, suggestion, or proposal for consideration

proposition

proposition

Ex: He prepared a proposition for the council meeting .

Il a préparé une proposition pour la réunion du conseil.

summit
summit
[nom]

a formal meeting of leaders, especially heads of government

sommet

sommet

Ex: Delegates from fifty countries attended the summit.

Les délégués de cinquante pays ont assisté au sommet.

propaganda

information and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader

propagande

propagande

Ex: The rise of social media has made it easier to disseminate propaganda quickly and widely .

L'essor des médias sociaux a facilité la diffusion rapide et large de la propagande.

statute
statute
[nom]

an officially written and established law

loi

loi

Ex: Under the statute, the company must provide annual safety training for employees .

En vertu du statut, l'entreprise doit fournir une formation annuelle en matière de sécurité aux employés.

nomination

the process of officially selecting a candidate for either an election or bestowing an honnor

proposition

proposition

secession

the formal act of breaking away from a larger political entity or organization

sécession

sécession

Ex: The secession of Singapore from Malaysia in 1965 marked a significant event in Southeast Asian history .

La sécession de Singapour de la Malaisie en 1965 a marqué un événement important dans l'histoire de l'Asie du Sud-Est.

commonwealth

a politically organized body of people under a single government, typically emphasizing the common good

communauté, république

communauté, république

Ex: The governor addressed the citizens of the commonwealth.

Le gouverneur s'est adressé aux citoyens du Commonwealth.

principality

a territory or state ruled by a prince, often smaller than a kingdom but with a degree of political independence

principauté, principauté

principauté, principauté

Ex: The principality of Sealand , though unconventional , claims to be a sovereign state despite its small size and unique location .

La principauté de Sealand, bien que non conventionnelle, prétend être un État souverain malgré sa petite taille et son emplacement unique.

manifesto

a written public declaration of intentions, opinions, and objectives, often issued by a political party, a government, or a group of individuals with a shared interest or purpose

manifeste, déclaration publique

manifeste, déclaration publique

Ex: The student union published a manifesto to advocate for better educational resources .

Le syndicat étudiant a publié un manifeste pour plaider en faveur de meilleures ressources éducatives.

mandate
mandate
[nom]

the legality and power given to a government or other organization after winning an election

mandat

mandat

Ex: The council received a mandate from its members to negotiate better working conditions with the management .

Le conseil a reçu un mandat de ses membres pour négocier de meilleures conditions de travail avec la direction.

delegation

the process of assigning authority, responsibility, or tasks from a higher authority to a lower-ranking individual or entity to carry out specific duties or functions on their behalf

délégation, transfert de responsabilité

délégation, transfert de responsabilité

Ex: The delegation of public health responsibilities to county health departments facilitates local responses to health crises .

La délégation des responsabilités en matière de santé publique aux départements de santé du comté facilite les réponses locales aux crises sanitaires.

homeland

the place where someone or a group of people come from and feel a strong connection to

patrie, terre natale

patrie, terre natale

Ex: He fought for the protection of his homeland, valuing its history and traditions .

Il s'est battu pour la protection de sa patrie, valorisant son histoire et ses traditions.

embargo
embargo
[nom]

an official order according to which any commercial activity with a particular country is banned

embargo

embargo

hyperpartisanship

an extreme allegiance to a particular political party or ideology

hyperpartisanerie, hyperpartisme

hyperpartisanerie, hyperpartisme

Ex: Some scholars argue that hyperpartisanship is undermining democratic processes .

Certains universitaires soutiennent que l'hyperpartisanerie sape les processus démocratiques.

bipartisanship

agreement and collaboration between two major political parties that typically oppose each other's policies

bipartisme, coopération bipartisane

bipartisme, coopération bipartisane

Ex: The mayor's initiative to improve public education received bipartisan support, uniting local politicians from different parties.

L'initiative du maire pour améliorer l'éducation publique a reçu un soutien bipartisan, unissant les politiciens locaux de différents partis.

municipal
municipal
[Adjectif]

involving or belonging to the government of a city, town, etc.

municipal

municipal

Ex: Municipal utilities ensure reliable access to essential services such as water and electricity for residents .

Les services publics municipaux assurent un accès fiable à des services essentiels tels que l'eau et l'électricité pour les résidents.

electoral
electoral
[Adjectif]

related to voting, elections, or the process of choosing representatives through voting mechanisms

électoral

électoral

Ex: The electoral turnout in the last election was higher than expected , indicating increased civic engagement .

La participation électorale aux dernières élections était plus élevée que prévu, indiquant un engagement civique accru.

self-governing
self-governing
[Adjectif]

(of a territory, organization, etc.) making decisions regarding one's internal affairs without external interference

autonome, auto-gouverné

autonome, auto-gouverné

Ex: The Nunavut territory in Canada is a self-governing region that represents the Inuit people 's interests and cultural identity .

Le territoire du Nunavut au Canada est une région autonome qui représente les intérêts et l'identité culturelle du peuple inuit.

transnational
transnational
[Adjectif]

operating or involving activities across multiple countries or nations

transnational, transnationale

transnational, transnationale

Ex: The conference discussed strategies for fostering transnational partnerships in the field of healthcare .

La conférence a discuté des stratégies pour favoriser les partenariats transnationaux dans le domaine de la santé.

geopolitical
geopolitical
[Adjectif]

related to the influence and interactions of geographical factors on political decisions, relationships, and strategies among nations

géopolitique, relatif à la géopolitique

géopolitique, relatif à la géopolitique

Ex: The geopolitical importance of maritime trade routes has sparked competition among naval powers .

L'importance géopolitique des routes maritimes commerciales a suscité une concurrence entre les puissances navales.

federal
federal
[Adjectif]

relating to the central government of a country rather than the local or regional governments

fédéral

fédéral

Ex: The federal budget allocates funds for national priorities , including infrastructure and social services .

Le budget fédéral alloue des fonds aux priorités nationales, y compris les infrastructures et les services sociaux.

interstate
interstate
[Adjectif]

involving or relating to the interactions or relationships between states within a country or federation

interétatique, entre États

interétatique, entre États

Ex: The interstate treaty established rules and agreements governing trade and cooperation among neighboring states.

Le traité interétatique a établi des règles et des accords régissant le commerce et la coopération entre les États voisins.

authoritarian
authoritarian
[Adjectif]

(of a person or system) enforcing strict obedience to authority at the expense of individual freedom

autoritaire

autoritaire

Ex: Authoritarian government frequently disregard human rights and civil liberties in the name of stability .

Le gouvernement autoritaire méprise fréquemment les droits de l'homme et les libertés civiles au nom de la stabilité.

consular
consular
[Adjectif]

associated with matters or activities of a consulate or consul, particularly the representation and protection of a country's citizens and interests in a foreign city or region

consulaire, relatif au consulat

consulaire, relatif au consulat

Ex: The consular staff organized cultural events to promote understanding and cooperation between nations .

Le personnel consulaire a organisé des événements culturels pour promouvoir la compréhension et la coopération entre les nations.

precolonial
precolonial
[Adjectif]

relating to the period in a region's history before it was colonized by foreign powers

précolonial, d'avant la colonisation

précolonial, d'avant la colonisation

Ex: Precolonial Australia was home to numerous Aboriginal groups, each with distinct languages, customs, and territories.

L'Australie précoloniale était le foyer de nombreux groupes aborigènes, chacun avec des langues, des coutumes et des territoires distincts.

to pass
to pass
[verbe]

to make or accept a law by voting or by decree

faire passer, adopter

faire passer, adopter

Ex: The United Nations Security Council has passed a resolution asking the two countries to resume peace negotiations .

Le Conseil de sécurité des Nations Unies a adopté une résolution demandant aux deux pays de reprendre les négociations de paix.

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