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Humanités SAT - Politique et Législature

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais liés à la politique et à la législature, tels que "traité", "confédération", "sommet", etc., dont vous aurez besoin pour réussir vos SATs.

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SAT Vocabulary for Humanities
policy
[nom]

a set of ideas or a plan of action that has been chosen officially by a group of people, an organization, a political party, etc.

politique

politique

Ex: The school district adopted a zero-tolerance policy for bullying.Le district scolaire a adopté une **politique** de tolérance zéro en matière d'intimidation.

the process by which all the people of a country have the opportunity to vote on a single political question

référendum

référendum

treaty
[nom]

an official agreement between two or more governments or states

traité

traité

Ex: The extradition treaty allowed for the transfer of criminals between the two countries to face justice .Le **traité** d'extradition a permis le transfert de criminels entre les deux pays pour qu'ils soient jugés.

a formal change, addition, or alteration made to a law, contract, constitution, or other legal document

amendement, modification

amendement, modification

Ex: The teacher made an amendment to the syllabus to include an extra assignment .L'enseignant a apporté un **amendement** au programme pour inclure un devoir supplémentaire.

the official laws and principles by which a country or state is governed

constitution

constitution

Ex: The constitution of South Africa , adopted in 1996 , enshrines the principles of equality and human dignity as core values of the nation .La **constitution** de l'Afrique du Sud, adoptée en 1996, consacre les principes d'égalité et de dignité humaine comme valeurs fondamentales de la nation.
tenure
[nom]

a period or condition of holding a position

durée, mandat

durée, mandat

Ex: Many young professionals aspire to secure tenure due to the job security and benefits it offers .De nombreux jeunes professionnels aspirent à obtenir une **tenure** en raison de la sécurité de l'emploi et des avantages qu'elle offre.

a formal ceremony at which a person is admitted to office

inauguration

inauguration

Ex: The inauguration festivities included parades , concerts , and fireworks to celebrate the new administration .Les festivités d'**inauguration** comprenaient des défilés, des concerts et des feux d'artifice pour célébrer la nouvelle administration.
reign
[nom]

the period that a monarch rules

règne

règne

Ex: The peaceful reign of the king saw significant advancements in arts and science throughout the kingdom .Le **règne** paisible du roi a vu des avancées significatives dans les arts et les sciences à travers le royaume.
chamber
[nom]

a formal meeting place where discussions or decisions take place, particularly within a administrative or judicial context

chambre, salle des séances

chambre, salle des séances

Ex: During the summit , leaders from across the region gathered in the diplomatic chamber to discuss regional security issues .Lors du sommet, les dirigeants de toute la région se sont réunis dans la **chambre** diplomatique pour discuter des questions de sécurité régionale.

(in some countries) the group of people who have been elected to make laws, which in the US it consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate

congrès

congrès

a group of people or political organization united by a common cause

confédération

confédération

the head of government in parliamentary democracies, who is responsible for leading the government and making important decisions on policies and law-making

premier ministre, chef du gouvernement

premier ministre, chef du gouvernement

Ex: The Prime Minister's term in office ended after a successful vote of no confidence in Parliament.Le mandat du **Premier ministre** a pris fin après un vote de défiance réussi au Parlement.

someone who supports social equality, healthcare reform, environmental protection, and a more active role for government in addressing social issues

Démocrate

Démocrate

Ex: In recent elections, Democrats have focused on issues like affordable education and criminal justice reform.Lors des récentes élections, les **démocrates** se sont concentrés sur des questions comme l'éducation abordable et la réforme de la justice pénale.
liberal
[nom]

a person who advocates for progressive reforms, often in politics, economics, or social policies

libéral

libéral

Ex: She identified as a liberal and actively campaigned for environmental protections and social justice initiatives.Elle s'est identifiée comme une **libérale** et a activement fait campagne pour la protection de l'environnement et les initiatives de justice sociale.

(in the US) someone who supports or is a member of the Republican Party

républicain, républicaine

républicain, républicaine

a person who aligns with or supports the principles and policies traditionally associated with conservative political ideologies

conservateur, conservatrice

conservateur, conservatrice

Ex: Many conservative MPs voiced their concerns over the proposed tax reforms.De nombreux députés **conservateurs** ont exprimé leurs inquiétudes concernant les réformes fiscales proposées.

a member of a political party that advocates a system aiming for a classless society where resources are owned collectively and distributed based on need

communiste

communiste

Ex: The communist's speeches often emphasized solidarity among workers and the need for international cooperation against imperialism .Les discours du **communiste** mettaient souvent l'accent sur la solidarité entre les travailleurs et la nécessité d'une coopération internationale contre l'impérialisme.
turnout
[nom]

the percentage or number of eligible voters who actually cast their vote

participation électorale, taux de participation

participation électorale, taux de participation

Ex: Efforts to increase voter turnout included extending polling hours and providing transportation.Les efforts pour augmenter la **participation électorale** comprenaient l'extension des heures de vote et la fourniture de transport.

a form of government where the power is vested in the hands of the people, either directly or through elected representatives

démocratie

démocratie

Ex: In a democracy, the judiciary is independent from the executive and legislative branches .Dans une **démocratie**, le pouvoir judiciaire est indépendant des branches exécutive et législative.
colony
[nom]

any territory under the full or partial control of another more powerful nation, often occupied by settlers from that nation

colonie

colonie

realm
[nom]

a territory or area of land governed by a monarch or sovereign ruler

domaine

domaine

Ex: The king 's coronation ceremony marked his ascension to the throne and his commitment to govern the realm justly and wisely .La cérémonie de couronnement du roi a marqué son ascension au trône et son engagement à gouverner le **royaume** avec justice et sagesse.
party
[nom]

an official political group with shared beliefs, goals, and policies aiming to be a part of or form a government

parti

parti

Ex: In celebration of their electoral victory , the party hosted a gala event to thank volunteers and donors for their contributions .Pour célébrer leur victoire électorale, le **parti** a organisé un gala pour remercier les bénévoles et les donateurs pour leurs contributions.
pact
[nom]

a formal agreement between parties, particularly to help one another

pacte

pacte

Ex: The treaty served as a historic pact, fostering peace and cooperation between the formerly rival nations .Le traité a servi de **pacte** historique, favorisant la paix et la coopération entre les nations autrefois rivales.

the act of presenting something, such as an idea or suggestion to be considered

proposition

proposition

summit
[nom]

an official gathering during which the heads of governments discuss crucial issues

sommet

sommet

information and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader

propagande

propagande

Ex: The rise of social media has made it easier to disseminate propaganda quickly and widely .L'essor des médias sociaux a facilité la diffusion rapide et large de la **propagande**.
statute
[nom]

an officially written and established law

loi

loi

Ex: Under the statute, the company must provide annual safety training for employees .En vertu du **statut**, l'entreprise doit fournir une formation annuelle en matière de sécurité aux employés.

the process of officially selecting a candidate for either an election or bestowing an honnor

proposition

proposition

the formal act of breaking away from a larger political entity or organization

sécession

sécession

Ex: The secession of Singapore from Malaysia in 1965 marked a significant event in Southeast Asian history .La **sécession** de Singapour de la Malaisie en 1965 a marqué un événement important dans l'histoire de l'Asie du Sud-Est.

a political association or entity in which states or countries cooperate and share certain common objectives or interests while retaining their individual independence

commonwealth, communauté

commonwealth, communauté

Ex: The concept of a commonwealth allows diverse nations to collaborate on global issues while preserving their unique identities and governing structures .Le concept de **commonwealth** permet à des nations diverses de collaborer sur des questions mondiales tout en préservant leurs identités uniques et leurs structures de gouvernance.

a territory or state ruled by a prince, often smaller than a kingdom but with a degree of political independence

principauté, principauté

principauté, principauté

Ex: The principality of Sealand , though unconventional , claims to be a sovereign state despite its small size and unique location .La **principauté** de Sealand, bien que non conventionnelle, prétend être un État souverain malgré sa petite taille et son emplacement unique.

a written public declaration of intentions, opinions, and objectives, often issued by a political party, a government, or a group of individuals with a shared interest or purpose

manifeste, déclaration publique

manifeste, déclaration publique

Ex: The student union published a manifesto to advocate for better educational resources .Le syndicat étudiant a publié un **manifeste** pour plaider en faveur de meilleures ressources éducatives.
mandate
[nom]

the legality and power given to a government or other organization after winning an election

mandat

mandat

Ex: The council received a mandate from its members to negotiate better working conditions with the management .Le conseil a reçu un **mandat** de ses membres pour négocier de meilleures conditions de travail avec la direction.

the process of assigning authority, responsibility, or tasks from a higher authority to a lower-ranking individual or entity to carry out specific duties or functions on their behalf

délégation, transfert de responsabilité

délégation, transfert de responsabilité

Ex: The delegation of public health responsibilities to county health departments facilitates local responses to health crises .La **délégation** des responsabilités en matière de santé publique aux départements de santé du comté facilite les réponses locales aux crises sanitaires.

the place where someone or a group of people come from and feel a strong connection to

patrie, terre natale

patrie, terre natale

Ex: He fought for the protection of his homeland, valuing its history and traditions .Il s'est battu pour la protection de sa **patrie**, valorisant son histoire et ses traditions.
embargo
[nom]

an official order according to which any commercial activity with a particular country is banned

embargo

embargo

an extreme allegiance to a particular political party or ideology

hyperpartisanerie, hyperpartisme

hyperpartisanerie, hyperpartisme

Ex: Some scholars argue that hyperpartisanship is undermining democratic processes .Certains universitaires soutiennent que **l'hyperpartisanerie** sape les processus démocratiques.

agreement and collaboration between two major political parties that typically oppose each other's policies

bipartisme, coopération bipartisane

bipartisme, coopération bipartisane

Ex: The mayor's initiative to improve public education received bipartisan support, uniting local politicians from different parties.L'initiative du maire pour améliorer l'éducation publique a reçu un soutien **bipartisan**, unissant les politiciens locaux de différents partis.
municipal
[Adjectif]

involving or belonging to the government of a city, town, etc.

municipal

municipal

Ex: Municipal utilities ensure reliable access to essential services such as water and electricity for residents .Les services publics **municipaux** assurent un accès fiable à des services essentiels tels que l'eau et l'électricité pour les résidents.
electoral
[Adjectif]

related to voting, elections, or the process of choosing representatives through voting mechanisms

électoral

électoral

Ex: The electoral turnout in the last election was higher than expected , indicating increased civic engagement .La participation **électorale** aux dernières élections était plus élevée que prévu, indiquant un engagement civique accru.
self-governing
[Adjectif]

(of a territory, organization, etc.) making decisions regarding one's internal affairs without external interference

autonome, auto-gouverné

autonome, auto-gouverné

Ex: The Nunavut territory in Canada is a self-governing region that represents the Inuit people 's interests and cultural identity .Le territoire du Nunavut au Canada est une région **autonome** qui représente les intérêts et l'identité culturelle du peuple inuit.
transnational
[Adjectif]

operating or involving activities across multiple countries or nations

transnational, transnationale

transnational, transnationale

Ex: The conference discussed strategies for fostering transnational partnerships in the field of healthcare .La conférence a discuté des stratégies pour favoriser les partenariats **transnationaux** dans le domaine de la santé.
geopolitical
[Adjectif]

related to the influence and interactions of geographical factors on political decisions, relationships, and strategies among nations

géopolitique, relatif à la géopolitique

géopolitique, relatif à la géopolitique

Ex: The geopolitical importance of maritime trade routes has sparked competition among naval powers .L'importance **géopolitique** des routes maritimes commerciales a suscité une concurrence entre les puissances navales.
federal
[Adjectif]

relating to the central government of a country rather than the local or regional governments

fédéral

fédéral

Ex: The federal budget allocates funds for national priorities , including infrastructure and social services .Le budget **fédéral** alloue des fonds pour les priorités nationales, y compris les infrastructures et les services sociaux.
interstate
[Adjectif]

involving or relating to the interactions or relationships between states within a country or federation

interétatique, entre États

interétatique, entre États

Ex: The interstate treaty established rules and agreements governing trade and cooperation among neighboring states.Le traité **interétatique** a établi des règles et des accords régissant le commerce et la coopération entre les États voisins.
authoritarian
[Adjectif]

(of a person or system) enforcing strict obedience to authority at the expense of individual freedom

autoritaire

autoritaire

Ex: Authoritarian government frequently disregard human rights and civil liberties in the name of stability .Le gouvernement **autoritaire** méprise fréquemment les droits de l'homme et les libertés civiles au nom de la stabilité.
consular
[Adjectif]

associated with matters or activities of a consulate or consul, particularly the representation and protection of a country's citizens and interests in a foreign city or region

consulaire, relatif au consulat

consulaire, relatif au consulat

Ex: The consular staff organized cultural events to promote understanding and cooperation between nations .Le personnel **consulaire** a organisé des événements culturels pour promouvoir la compréhension et la coopération entre les nations.
precolonial
[Adjectif]

relating to the period in a region's history before it was colonized by foreign powers

précolonial, d'avant la colonisation

précolonial, d'avant la colonisation

Ex: Precolonial Australia was home to numerous Aboriginal groups, each with distinct languages, customs, and territories.L'Australie **précoloniale** était le foyer de nombreux groupes aborigènes, chacun avec des langues, des coutumes et des territoires distincts.
to pass
[verbe]

to make or accept a law by voting or by decree

faire passer, adopter

faire passer, adopter

Ex: The United Nations Security Council has passed a resolution asking the two countries to resume peace negotiations .Le Conseil de sécurité des Nations Unies a **adopté** une résolution demandant aux deux pays de reprendre les négociations de paix.
Humanités SAT
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