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Гуманитарные Науки SAT - Политика и Законодательство

Здесь вы узнаете некоторые английские слова, связанные с политикой и законодательством, такие как "договор", "конфедерация", "саммит" и т.д., которые вам понадобятся для успешной сдачи SAT.

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SAT Vocabulary for Humanities
policy
policy
[существительное]

a set of ideas or a plan of action that has been chosen officially by a group of people, an organization, a political party, etc.

политика

политика

Ex: The government introduced a new fiscal policy to stimulate economic growth. 
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referendum
referendum
[существительное]

a vote in which all the people of a country are asked to decide on one political question

референдум, народное голосование

референдум, народное голосование

Ex: Many people voted in the referendum. 
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treaty
treaty
[существительное]

an official agreement between two or more governments or states

договор, соглашение

договор, соглашение

Ex: The two countries signed a peace treaty to end decades of conflict and establish diplomatic relations. 
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amendment
amendment
[существительное]

a formal change, addition, or alteration made to a law, contract, constitution, or other legal document

поправка, изменение

поправка, изменение

Ex: The proposed amendment to the constitution aims to guarantee equal rights for all citizens. 
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constitution
constitution
[существительное]

the official laws and principles by which a country or state is governed

конституция

конституция

Ex: The constitution of this country guarantees freedom of speech and the separation of powers among its branches of government. 
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tenure
tenure
[существительное]

a period or condition of holding a position

срок, должность

срок, должность

Ex: After years of research and teaching, she finally achieved tenure as a professor at the university. 
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inauguration
inauguration
[существительное]

a formal ceremony at which a person is admitted to office

инаугурация, вступление в должность

инаугурация, вступление в должность

Ex: The inauguration of the new president was attended by thousands of spectators gathered on the National Mall. 
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reign
reign
[существительное]

the length of time during which a king, queen, or other monarch rules

царствование

царствование

Ex: Queen Victoria's reign lasted over 63 years. 
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chamber
chamber
[существительное]

a formal meeting place where discussions or decisions take place, particularly within a administrative or judicial context

палата, зал заседаний

палата, зал заседаний

Ex: The Senate chamber was filled with lawmakers debating the new bill. 
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Congress
Congress
[существительное]

the legislative body of the United States, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives

конгресс

конгресс

Ex: Congress passed a new healthcare bill. 
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confederacy
confederacy
[существительное]

a group of people or political organization united by a common cause

конфедерация

конфедерация

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prime minister
prime minister
[существительное]

the head of government in parliamentary democracies, who is responsible for leading the government and making important decisions on policies and law-making

премьер министр, глава кабинета министров

премьер министр, глава кабинета министров

Ex: The Prime Minister addressed the nation to announce new economic measures aimed at boosting employment. 
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democrat
democrat
[существительное]

someone who supports social equality, healthcare reform, environmental protection, and a more active role for government in addressing social issues

демократ

демократ

Ex: As a Democrat, she believes in expanding access to healthcare for all citizens through government programs. 
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liberal
liberal
[существительное]

a person who advocates for progressive reforms, often in politics, economics, or social policies

либерал

либерал

Ex: The liberal's proposal for healthcare reform gained support from younger voters seeking universal coverage. 
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Republican
Republican
[существительное]

(in the US) someone who supports or is a member of the Republican Party

республиканец

республиканец

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conservative
conservative
[существительное]

a person who aligns with or supports the principles and policies traditionally associated with conservative political ideologies

консерватор

консерватор

Ex: The conservative candidate won the election by a narrow margin. 
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communist
communist
[существительное]

a member of a political party that advocates a system aiming for a classless society where resources are owned collectively and distributed based on need

коммунист

коммунист

Ex: He became a communist after witnessing the exploitation of workers in industrialized cities. 
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turnout
turnout
[существительное]

the percentage or number of eligible voters who actually cast their vote

явка

явка

Ex: The election saw a high voter turnout, with over 75% of eligible voters participating. 
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democracy
democracy
[существительное]

a form of government where the power is vested in the hands of the people, either directly or through elected representatives

демократия

демократия

Ex: In a democracy, all citizens have the right to express their opinions freely and participate in decision-making processes. 
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colony
colony
[существительное]

any territory under the full or partial control of another more powerful nation, often occupied by settlers from that nation

колония

колония

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realm
realm
[существительное]

a territory or area of land governed by a monarch or sovereign ruler

область

область

Ex: The United Kingdom is known for its historic monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II reigning over the realm. 
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party
party
[существительное]

an official political group with shared beliefs, goals, and policies aiming to be a part of or form a government

партия

партия

Ex: The political party held a rally to mobilize supporters and promote its platform ahead of the upcoming election. 
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pact
pact
[существительное]

a formal agreement between parties, particularly to help one another

договор

договор

Ex: The two countries signed a defense pact to ensure mutual protection against external threats. 
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proposition
proposition
[существительное]

the act of presenting an idea, suggestion, or proposal for consideration

предложение

предложение

Ex: Her proposition of a new workflow was well received. 
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summit
summit
[существительное]

a formal meeting of leaders, especially heads of government

саммит, встреча на высшем уровне

саммит, встреча на высшем уровне

Ex: The leaders attended a climate summit in Geneva. 
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propaganda
propaganda
[существительное]

information and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader

пропаганда

пропаганда

Ex: The regime used propaganda to control the narrative and maintain public support. 
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statute
statute
[существительное]

an officially written and established law

законодательный акт

законодательный акт

Ex: The new statute requires all drivers to use hands-free devices while driving. 
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nomination
nomination
[существительное]

the process of officially selecting a candidate for either an election or bestowing an honnor

кандидатура

кандидатура

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secession
secession
[существительное]

the formal act of breaking away from a larger political entity or organization

отделение

отделение

Ex: The secession of Crimea from Ukraine in 2014 resulted in significant geopolitical tensions. 
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commonwealth
commonwealth
[существительное]

a politically organized body of people under a single government, typically emphasizing the common good

содружество, республика

содружество, республика

Ex: The commonwealth enacted new laws for public welfare. 
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principality
principality
[существительное]

a territory or state ruled by a prince, often smaller than a kingdom but with a degree of political independence

княжество, княжество

княжество, княжество

Ex: Monaco is a renowned principality famous for its luxury and glamorous lifestyle. 
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manifesto
manifesto
[существительное]

a written public declaration of intentions, opinions, and objectives, often issued by a political party, a government, or a group of individuals with a shared interest or purpose

манифест

манифест

Ex: The activists issued a manifesto to rally support for their cause. 
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mandate
mandate
[существительное]

the legality and power given to a government or other organization after winning an election

полномочия

полномочия

Ex: After winning the election with a significant majority, the new government claimed a strong mandate to implement their policies. 
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delegation
delegation
[существительное]

the process of assigning authority, responsibility, or tasks from a higher authority to a lower-ranking individual or entity to carry out specific duties or functions on their behalf

делегирование, передача ответственности

делегирование, передача ответственности

Ex: The mayor's delegation of budgetary decisions to the city council streamlined the governance process. 
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homeland
homeland
[существительное]

the place where someone or a group of people come from and feel a strong connection to

родина, родная страна

родина, родная страна

Ex: After years of living abroad, she returned to her homeland to visit family. 
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embargo
embargo
[существительное]

an official order according to which any commercial activity with a particular country is banned

эмбарго

эмбарго

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hyperpartisanship
hyperpartisanship
[существительное]

an extreme allegiance to a particular political party or ideology

гиперпартийность, гиперпартизанство

гиперпартийность, гиперпартизанство

Ex: The increasing hyperpartisanship in Congress has made it difficult to pass bipartisan legislation. 
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bipartisanship
bipartisanship
[существительное]

agreement and collaboration between two major political parties that typically oppose each other's policies

двухпартийность, двухпартийное сотрудничество

двухпартийность, двухпартийное сотрудничество

Ex: The healthcare reform bill was a result of rare bipartisanship, with both parties working together to address the needs of the public. 
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municipal
municipal
[прилагательное]

involving or belonging to the government of a city, town, etc.

городской

городской

Ex: The municipal government announced plans to improve public transportation infrastructure in the city. 
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electoral
electoral
[прилагательное]

related to voting, elections, or the process of choosing representatives through voting mechanisms

избирательный

избирательный

Ex: The electoral system determines how representatives are chosen to serve in government. 
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self-governing
self-governing
[прилагательное]

(of a territory, organization, etc.) making decisions regarding one's internal affairs without external interference

самоуправляющийся, автономный

самоуправляющийся, автономный

Ex: Greenland is a self-governing territory within the Kingdom of Denmark, managing its own domestic policies while Denmark handles foreign affairs. 
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transnational
transnational
[прилагательное]

operating or involving activities across multiple countries or nations

транснациональный, транснациональные

транснациональный, транснациональные

Ex: Transnational corporations have global operations and supply chains. 
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geopolitical
geopolitical
[прилагательное]

related to the influence and interactions of geographical factors on political decisions, relationships, and strategies among nations

геополитический

геополитический

Ex: Geopolitical tensions between neighboring countries have led to border disputes and military conflicts. 
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federal
federal
[прилагательное]

relating to the central government of a country rather than the local or regional governments

федеральный

федеральный

Ex: Federal laws apply uniformly across the entire country. 
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interstate
interstate
[прилагательное]

involving or relating to the interactions or relationships between states within a country or federation

межгосударственный, между штатами

межгосударственный, между штатами

Ex: The interstate highway system facilitates travel and commerce between states in the United States. 
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authoritarian
authoritarian
[прилагательное]

(of a person or system) enforcing strict obedience to authority at the expense of individual freedom

авторитарный

авторитарный

Ex: The authoritarian regime tightly controls the media and suppresses dissenting voices. 
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consular
consular
[прилагательное]

associated with matters or activities of a consulate or consul, particularly the representation and protection of a country's citizens and interests in a foreign city or region

консульский, относящийся к консульству

консульский, относящийся к консульству

Ex: The consular services at the embassy in Paris assisted stranded tourists during the travel disruption. 
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precolonial
precolonial
[прилагательное]

relating to the period in a region's history before it was colonized by foreign powers

доколониальный, до колонизации

доколониальный, до колонизации

Ex: The precolonial era in Africa was marked by the rise and fall of various powerful kingdoms and empires. 
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to pass
to pass
[глагол]

to make or accept a law by voting or by decree

принимать

принимать

Ex: In 1996, Congress unanimously passed the Food Quality Protection Act. 
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