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Humanidades SAT - Política y Legislatura

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés relacionadas con la política y la legislatura, como "tratado", "confederación", "cumbre", etc., que necesitarás para superar tus SATs.

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SAT Vocabulary for Humanities
policy
[Sustantivo]

a set of ideas or a plan of action that has been chosen officially by a group of people, an organization, a political party, etc.

política

política

Ex: The school district adopted a zero-tolerance policy for bullying.El distrito escolar adoptó una **política** de tolerancia cero para el acoso escolar.
referendum
[Sustantivo]

the process by which all the people of a country have the opportunity to vote on a single political question

referéndum

referéndum

treaty
[Sustantivo]

an official agreement between two or more governments or states

tratado

tratado

Ex: The extradition treaty allowed for the transfer of criminals between the two countries to face justice .El **tratado** de extradición permitió la transferencia de criminales entre los dos países para enfrentar la justicia.
amendment
[Sustantivo]

a formal change, addition, or alteration made to a law, contract, constitution, or other legal document

enmienda, modificación

enmienda, modificación

Ex: The teacher made an amendment to the syllabus to include an extra assignment .El profesor hizo una **enmienda** al plan de estudios para incluir una tarea adicional.
constitution
[Sustantivo]

the official laws and principles by which a country or state is governed

constitución

constitución

Ex: The constitution of South Africa , adopted in 1996 , enshrines the principles of equality and human dignity as core values of the nation .La **constitución** de Sudáfrica, adoptada en 1996, consagra los principios de igualdad y dignidad humana como valores centrales de la nación.
tenure
[Sustantivo]

a period or condition of holding a position

período, mandato

período, mandato

Ex: Many young professionals aspire to secure tenure due to the job security and benefits it offers .Muchos jóvenes profesionales aspiran a obtener **tenure** debido a la seguridad laboral y los beneficios que ofrece.
inauguration
[Sustantivo]

a formal ceremony at which a person is admitted to office

investidura

investidura

Ex: The inauguration festivities included parades , concerts , and fireworks to celebrate the new administration .Las festividades de **inauguración** incluyeron desfiles, conciertos y fuegos artificiales para celebrar la nueva administración.
reign
[Sustantivo]

the period that a monarch rules

reinado

reinado

Ex: The peaceful reign of the king saw significant advancements in arts and science throughout the kingdom .El **reinado** pacífico del rey vio avances significativos en las artes y las ciencias en todo el reino.
chamber
[Sustantivo]

a formal meeting place where discussions or decisions take place, particularly within a administrative or judicial context

cámara, salón de sesiones

cámara, salón de sesiones

Ex: During the summit , leaders from across the region gathered in the diplomatic chamber to discuss regional security issues .Durante la cumbre, los líderes de toda la región se reunieron en la **cámara** diplomática para discutir problemas de seguridad regional.
congress
[Sustantivo]

(in some countries) the group of people who have been elected to make laws, which in the US it consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate

congreso

congreso

confederacy
[Sustantivo]

a group of people or political organization united by a common cause

confederación

confederación

prime minister
[Sustantivo]

the head of government in parliamentary democracies, who is responsible for leading the government and making important decisions on policies and law-making

primer ministro, jefe de gobierno

primer ministro, jefe de gobierno

Ex: The Prime Minister's term in office ended after a successful vote of no confidence in Parliament.El mandato del **Primer Ministro** terminó después de un voto de no confianza exitoso en el Parlamento.
democrat
[Sustantivo]

someone who supports social equality, healthcare reform, environmental protection, and a more active role for government in addressing social issues

demócrata

demócrata

Ex: In recent elections, Democrats have focused on issues like affordable education and criminal justice reform.En las recientes elecciones, los **demócratas** se han centrado en temas como la educación asequible y la reforma de la justicia penal.
liberal
[Sustantivo]

a person who advocates for progressive reforms, often in politics, economics, or social policies

liberal

liberal

Ex: She identified as a liberal and actively campaigned for environmental protections and social justice initiatives.Ella se identificó como **liberal** y participó activamente en campañas por la protección del medio ambiente y las iniciativas de justicia social.
Republican
[Sustantivo]

(in the US) someone who supports or is a member of the Republican Party

republicano

republicano

conservative
[Sustantivo]

a person who aligns with or supports the principles and policies traditionally associated with conservative political ideologies

conservador

conservador

Ex: Many conservative MPs voiced their concerns over the proposed tax reforms.Muchos diputados **conservadores** expresaron sus preocupaciones sobre las reformas fiscales propuestas.
communist
[Sustantivo]

a member of a political party that advocates a system aiming for a classless society where resources are owned collectively and distributed based on need

comunista

comunista

Ex: The communist's speeches often emphasized solidarity among workers and the need for international cooperation against imperialism .Los discursos del **comunista** a menudo enfatizaban la solidaridad entre los trabajadores y la necesidad de cooperación internacional contra el imperialismo.
turnout
[Sustantivo]

the percentage or number of eligible voters who actually cast their vote

participación electoral, tasa de participación

participación electoral, tasa de participación

Ex: Efforts to increase voter turnout included extending polling hours and providing transportation.Los esfuerzos para aumentar la **participación electoral** incluyeron extender las horas de votación y proporcionar transporte.
democracy
[Sustantivo]

a form of government where the power is vested in the hands of the people, either directly or through elected representatives

democracia

democracia

Ex: In a democracy, the judiciary is independent from the executive and legislative branches .En una **democracia**, el poder judicial es independiente de los poderes ejecutivo y legislativo.
colony
[Sustantivo]

any territory under the full or partial control of another more powerful nation, often occupied by settlers from that nation

colonia

colonia

realm
[Sustantivo]

a territory or area of land governed by a monarch or sovereign ruler

reino

reino

Ex: The king 's coronation ceremony marked his ascension to the throne and his commitment to govern the realm justly and wisely .La ceremonia de coronación del rey marcó su ascenso al trono y su compromiso de gobernar el **reino** con justicia y sabiduría.
party
[Sustantivo]

an official political group with shared beliefs, goals, and policies aiming to be a part of or form a government

partido

partido

Ex: In celebration of their electoral victory , the party hosted a gala event to thank volunteers and donors for their contributions .En celebración de su victoria electoral, el **partido** organizó un evento de gala para agradecer a los voluntarios y donantes por sus contribuciones.
pact
[Sustantivo]

a formal agreement between parties, particularly to help one another

pacto, convenio

pacto, convenio

Ex: The treaty served as a historic pact, fostering peace and cooperation between the formerly rival nations .El tratado sirvió como un **pacto** histórico, fomentando la paz y la cooperación entre las naciones anteriormente rivales.
proposition
[Sustantivo]

the act of presenting something, such as an idea or suggestion to be considered

oferta, proposición

oferta, proposición

summit
[Sustantivo]

an official gathering during which the heads of governments discuss crucial issues

cumbre

cumbre

propaganda
[Sustantivo]

information and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader

propaganda

propaganda

Ex: The rise of social media has made it easier to disseminate propaganda quickly and widely .El auge de las redes sociales ha facilitado la diseminación rápida y amplia de la **propaganda**.
statute
[Sustantivo]

an officially written and established law

ley, estatuto

ley, estatuto

Ex: Under the statute, the company must provide annual safety training for employees .Según el **estatuto**, la empresa debe proporcionar capacitación anual en seguridad para los empleados.
nomination
[Sustantivo]

the process of officially selecting a candidate for either an election or bestowing an honnor

nominación

nominación

secession
[Sustantivo]

the formal act of breaking away from a larger political entity or organization

secesión

secesión

Ex: The secession of Singapore from Malaysia in 1965 marked a significant event in Southeast Asian history .La **secesión** de Singapur de Malasia en 1965 marcó un evento significativo en la historia del Sudeste Asiático.
commonwealth
[Sustantivo]

a political association or entity in which states or countries cooperate and share certain common objectives or interests while retaining their individual independence

mancomunidad, commonwealth

mancomunidad, commonwealth

Ex: The concept of a commonwealth allows diverse nations to collaborate on global issues while preserving their unique identities and governing structures .El concepto de **commonwealth** permite que naciones diversas colaboren en temas globales mientras preservan sus identidades únicas y estructuras de gobierno.
principality
[Sustantivo]

a territory or state ruled by a prince, often smaller than a kingdom but with a degree of political independence

principado, principado

principado, principado

Ex: The principality of Sealand , though unconventional , claims to be a sovereign state despite its small size and unique location .El **principado** de Sealand, aunque no convencional, afirma ser un estado soberano a pesar de su pequeño tamaño y ubicación única.
manifesto
[Sustantivo]

a written public declaration of intentions, opinions, and objectives, often issued by a political party, a government, or a group of individuals with a shared interest or purpose

manifesto

manifesto

Ex: The student union published a manifesto to advocate for better educational resources .El sindicato de estudiantes publicó un **manifiesto** para abogar por mejores recursos educativos.
mandate
[Sustantivo]

the legality and power given to a government or other organization after winning an election

mandato, autoridad

mandato, autoridad

Ex: The council received a mandate from its members to negotiate better working conditions with the management .El consejo recibió un **mandato** de sus miembros para negociar mejores condiciones laborales con la gerencia.
delegation
[Sustantivo]

the process of assigning authority, responsibility, or tasks from a higher authority to a lower-ranking individual or entity to carry out specific duties or functions on their behalf

delegación, transferencia de responsabilidad

delegación, transferencia de responsabilidad

Ex: The delegation of public health responsibilities to county health departments facilitates local responses to health crises .La **delegación** de responsabilidades de salud pública a los departamentos de salud del condado facilita las respuestas locales a las crisis de salud.
homeland
[Sustantivo]

the place where someone or a group of people come from and feel a strong connection to

patria, tierra natal

patria, tierra natal

Ex: He fought for the protection of his homeland, valuing its history and traditions .Luchó por la protección de su **patria**, valorando su historia y tradiciones.
embargo
[Sustantivo]

an official order according to which any commercial activity with a particular country is banned

embargo

embargo

hyperpartisanship
[Sustantivo]

an extreme allegiance to a particular political party or ideology

hiperpartidismo, hiperpartisanería

hiperpartidismo, hiperpartisanería

Ex: Some scholars argue that hyperpartisanship is undermining democratic processes .Algunos académicos argumentan que la **hiperpartidismo** está socavando los procesos democráticos.
bipartisanship
[Sustantivo]

agreement and collaboration between two major political parties that typically oppose each other's policies

bipartidismo, cooperación bipartidista

bipartidismo, cooperación bipartidista

Ex: The mayor's initiative to improve public education received bipartisan support, uniting local politicians from different parties.La iniciativa del alcalde para mejorar la educación pública recibió apoyo **bipartidista**, uniendo a políticos locales de diferentes partidos.
municipal
[Adjetivo]

involving or belonging to the government of a city, town, etc.

municipal

municipal

Ex: Municipal utilities ensure reliable access to essential services such as water and electricity for residents .Los servicios públicos **municipales** garantizan un acceso confiable a servicios esenciales como el agua y la electricidad para los residentes.
electoral
[Adjetivo]

related to voting, elections, or the process of choosing representatives through voting mechanisms

electoral

electoral

Ex: The electoral turnout in the last election was higher than expected , indicating increased civic engagement .La participación **electoral** en las últimas elecciones fue más alta de lo esperado, lo que indica un mayor compromiso cívico.
self-governing
[Adjetivo]

(of a territory, organization, etc.) making decisions regarding one's internal affairs without external interference

autónomo, autogobernado

autónomo, autogobernado

Ex: The Nunavut territory in Canada is a self-governing region that represents the Inuit people 's interests and cultural identity .El territorio de Nunavut en Canadá es una región **autónoma** que representa los intereses y la identidad cultural del pueblo inuit.
transnational
[Adjetivo]

operating or involving activities across multiple countries or nations

transnacional, transnacionales

transnacional, transnacionales

Ex: The conference discussed strategies for fostering transnational partnerships in the field of healthcare .La conferencia discutió estrategias para fomentar asociaciones **transnacionales** en el campo de la salud.
geopolitical
[Adjetivo]

related to the influence and interactions of geographical factors on political decisions, relationships, and strategies among nations

geopolítico, relacionado con la geopolítica

geopolítico, relacionado con la geopolítica

Ex: The geopolitical importance of maritime trade routes has sparked competition among naval powers .La importancia **geopolítica** de las rutas comerciales marítimas ha desatado competencia entre las potencias navales.
federal
[Adjetivo]

relating to the central government of a country rather than the local or regional governments

federal

federal

Ex: The federal budget allocates funds for national priorities , including infrastructure and social services .El presupuesto **federal** asigna fondos para las prioridades nacionales, incluyendo infraestructura y servicios sociales.
interstate
[Adjetivo]

involving or relating to the interactions or relationships between states within a country or federation

interestatal, interestatal

interestatal, interestatal

Ex: The interstate treaty established rules and agreements governing trade and cooperation among neighboring states.El tratado **interestatal** estableció reglas y acuerdos que rigen el comercio y la cooperación entre los estados vecinos.
authoritarian
[Adjetivo]

(of a person or system) enforcing strict obedience to authority at the expense of individual freedom

autoritario

autoritario

Ex: Authoritarian government frequently disregard human rights and civil liberties in the name of stability .El gobierno **autoritario** frecuentemente ignora los derechos humanos y las libertades civiles en nombre de la estabilidad.
consular
[Adjetivo]

associated with matters or activities of a consulate or consul, particularly the representation and protection of a country's citizens and interests in a foreign city or region

consular, relacionado con el consulado

consular, relacionado con el consulado

Ex: The consular staff organized cultural events to promote understanding and cooperation between nations .El personal **consular** organizó eventos culturales para promover la comprensión y la cooperación entre las naciones.
precolonial
[Adjetivo]

relating to the period in a region's history before it was colonized by foreign powers

precolonial, antes de la colonización

precolonial, antes de la colonización

Ex: Precolonial Australia was home to numerous Aboriginal groups, each with distinct languages, customs, and territories.La Australia **precolonial** fue hogar de numerosos grupos aborígenes, cada uno con lenguas, costumbres y territorios distintos.
to pass
[Verbo]

to make or accept a law by voting or by decree

aprobar, decretar

aprobar, decretar

Ex: The United Nations Security Council has passed a resolution asking the two countries to resume peace negotiations .El Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones Unidas ha **aprobado** una resolución pidiendo a los dos países que reanuden las negociaciones de paz.
Humanidades SAT
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