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Humanidades SAT - Pulitika at Lehislatura

Dito matututo ka ng ilang mga salitang Ingles na may kaugnayan sa politika at lehislatura, tulad ng "kasunduan", "konpederasyon", "summit", atbp., na kakailanganin mo upang mapasa ang iyong SATs.

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SAT Vocabulary for Humanities
policy
policy
[Pangngalan]

a set of ideas or a plan of action that has been chosen officially by a group of people, an organization, a political party, etc.

patakaran

patakaran

Ex: The school district adopted a zero-tolerance policy for bullying.Ang distrito ng paaralan ay nagpatibay ng isang **patakaran** ng zero-tolerance para sa pambu-bully.
referendum
referendum
[Pangngalan]

the process by which all the people of a country have the opportunity to vote on a single political question

referendum

referendum

treaty
treaty
[Pangngalan]

an official agreement between two or more governments or states

kasunduan

kasunduan

Ex: The extradition treaty allowed for the transfer of criminals between the two countries to face justice .Ang **kasunduan** sa ekstradisyon ay nagpahintulot sa paglilipat ng mga kriminal sa pagitan ng dalawang bansa upang harapin ang hustisya.
amendment
amendment
[Pangngalan]

a formal change, addition, or alteration made to a law, contract, constitution, or other legal document

susog, pagbabago

susog, pagbabago

Ex: The teacher made an amendment to the syllabus to include an extra assignment .Gumawa ang guro ng isang **susog** sa syllabus upang isama ang isang karagdagang takdang-aralin.
constitution
constitution
[Pangngalan]

the official laws and principles by which a country or state is governed

saligang batas

saligang batas

Ex: The constitution of South Africa , adopted in 1996 , enshrines the principles of equality and human dignity as core values of the nation .Ang **konstitusyon** ng South Africa, na pinagtibay noong 1996, ay nagtataguyod ng mga prinsipyo ng pagkakapantay-pantay at dignidad ng tao bilang pangunahing halaga ng bansa.
tenure
tenure
[Pangngalan]

a period or condition of holding a position

panunungkulan, posisyon

panunungkulan, posisyon

Ex: Many young professionals aspire to secure tenure due to the job security and benefits it offers .Maraming batang propesyonal ang nagnanais na makakuha ng **tenure** dahil sa seguridad sa trabaho at mga benepisyo na iniaalok nito.
inauguration
inauguration
[Pangngalan]

a formal ceremony at which a person is admitted to office

inaugurasyon

inaugurasyon

Ex: The inauguration festivities included parades , concerts , and fireworks to celebrate the new administration .Ang mga pagdiriwang ng **inauguration** ay may mga parada, konsiyerto, at paputok upang ipagdiwang ang bagong administrasyon.
reign
reign
[Pangngalan]

the length of time during which a king, queen, or other monarch rules

Ex: The museum exhibited artifacts from the reign of ancient Pharaohs .
chamber
chamber
[Pangngalan]

a formal meeting place where discussions or decisions take place, particularly within a administrative or judicial context

silid, bulwagan ng pulong

silid, bulwagan ng pulong

Ex: During the summit , leaders from across the region gathered in the diplomatic chamber to discuss regional security issues .Sa panahon ng summit, ang mga pinuno mula sa buong rehiyon ay nagtipon sa diplomatikong **silid** upang talakayin ang mga isyu sa seguridad ng rehiyon.
Congress
Congress
[Pangngalan]

the legislative body of the United States, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives

Ex: The law was reviewed and approved by Congress.
confederacy
confederacy
[Pangngalan]

a group of people or political organization united by a common cause

konpederasyon, alyansa

konpederasyon, alyansa

prime minister
prime minister
[Pangngalan]

the head of government in parliamentary democracies, who is responsible for leading the government and making important decisions on policies and law-making

punong ministro, ulo ng pamahalaan

punong ministro, ulo ng pamahalaan

Ex: The Prime Minister's term in office ended after a successful vote of no confidence in Parliament.Natapos ang termino ng **Punong Ministro** sa opisina matapos ang isang matagumpay na boto ng kawalan ng tiwala sa Parlamento.
democrat
democrat
[Pangngalan]

someone who supports social equality, healthcare reform, environmental protection, and a more active role for government in addressing social issues

demokrata, tagapagtaguyod ng demokrasyang panlipunan

demokrata, tagapagtaguyod ng demokrasyang panlipunan

Ex: In recent elections, Democrats have focused on issues like affordable education and criminal justice reform.Sa mga nakaraang halalan, ang mga **Demokratiko** ay tumutok sa mga isyu tulad ng abot-kayang edukasyon at reporma sa hustisyang kriminal.
liberal
liberal
[Pangngalan]

a person who advocates for progressive reforms, often in politics, economics, or social policies

liberal

liberal

Ex: She identified as a liberal and actively campaigned for environmental protections and social justice initiatives.Kinilala niya ang kanyang sarili bilang isang **liberal** at aktibong nagkampanya para sa mga proteksyon sa kapaligiran at mga inisyatibo ng hustisyang panlipunan.
Republican
Republican
[Pangngalan]

(in the US) someone who supports or is a member of the Republican Party

republicano, miyembro ng Partidong Republican

republicano, miyembro ng Partidong Republican

conservative
conservative
[Pangngalan]

a person who aligns with or supports the principles and policies traditionally associated with conservative political ideologies

konserbatibo, tradisyonalista

konserbatibo, tradisyonalista

Ex: Many conservative MPs voiced their concerns over the proposed tax reforms.Maraming **konserbatibong** MPs ang nagpahayag ng kanilang mga alalahanin sa mga iminungkahing reporma sa buwis.
communist
communist
[Pangngalan]

a member of a political party that advocates a system aiming for a classless society where resources are owned collectively and distributed based on need

komunista

komunista

Ex: The communist's speeches often emphasized solidarity among workers and the need for international cooperation against imperialism .Madalas na binibigyang-diin ng mga talumpati ng **komunista** ang pagkakaisa sa mga manggagawa at ang pangangailangan ng internasyonal na kooperasyon laban sa imperyalismo.
turnout
turnout
[Pangngalan]

the percentage or number of eligible voters who actually cast their vote

bilang ng mga botante, antas ng partisipasyon

bilang ng mga botante, antas ng partisipasyon

Ex: Efforts to increase voter turnout included extending polling hours and providing transportation.Ang mga pagsisikap na dagdagan ang **turnout ng mga botante** ay kasama ang pagpapahaba ng oras ng pagboto at pagbibigay ng transportasyon.
democracy
democracy
[Pangngalan]

a form of government where the power is vested in the hands of the people, either directly or through elected representatives

demokrasya

demokrasya

Ex: In a democracy, the judiciary is independent from the executive and legislative branches .Sa isang **demokrasya**, ang hudikatura ay malaya mula sa ehekutibo at lehislatibong sangay.
colony
colony
[Pangngalan]

any territory under the full or partial control of another more powerful nation, often occupied by settlers from that nation

kolonya, teritoryo sa ilalim ng kontrol

kolonya, teritoryo sa ilalim ng kontrol

realm
realm
[Pangngalan]

a territory or area of land governed by a monarch or sovereign ruler

kaharian, saklaw

kaharian, saklaw

Ex: The king 's coronation ceremony marked his ascension to the throne and his commitment to govern the realm justly and wisely .Ang seremonya ng koronasyon ng hari ay nagmarka ng kanyang pag-akyat sa trono at ang kanyang pangako na pamahalaan ang **kaharian** nang may katarungan at karunungan.
party
party
[Pangngalan]

an official political group with shared beliefs, goals, and policies aiming to be a part of or form a government

partido, partidong pampolitika

partido, partidong pampolitika

Ex: In celebration of their electoral victory , the party hosted a gala event to thank volunteers and donors for their contributions .**Partido** ay nag-host ng isang gala event upang pasalamatan ang mga boluntaryo at donor para sa kanilang mga kontribusyon, bilang pagdiriwang ng kanilang tagumpay sa halalan.
pact
pact
[Pangngalan]

a formal agreement between parties, particularly to help one another

kasunduan, pakta

kasunduan, pakta

Ex: The treaty served as a historic pact, fostering peace and cooperation between the formerly rival nations .Ang kasunduan ay nagsilbing isang makasaysayang **kasunduan**, na nagtataguyod ng kapayapaan at kooperasyon sa pagitan ng dating magkalabang bansa.
proposition
proposition
[Pangngalan]

the act of presenting an idea, suggestion, or proposal for consideration

panukala, mungkahi

panukala, mungkahi

Ex: He prepared a proposition for the council meeting .Naghanda siya ng isang **panukala** para sa pulong ng konseho.
summit
summit
[Pangngalan]

a formal meeting of leaders, especially heads of government

Ex: Delegates from fifty countries attended the summit.
propaganda
propaganda
[Pangngalan]

information and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader

propaganda

propaganda

Ex: The rise of social media has made it easier to disseminate propaganda quickly and widely .Ang pag-usbong ng social media ay nagpadali sa mabilis at malawak na pagpapakalat ng **propaganda**.
statute
statute
[Pangngalan]

an officially written and established law

batas, estatuto

batas, estatuto

Ex: Under the statute, the company must provide annual safety training for employees .Sa ilalim ng **batas**, ang kumpanya ay dapat magbigay ng taunang pagsasanay sa kaligtasan para sa mga empleyado.
nomination
nomination
[Pangngalan]

the process of officially selecting a candidate for either an election or bestowing an honnor

paghirang

paghirang

secession
secession
[Pangngalan]

the formal act of breaking away from a larger political entity or organization

paghihiwalay

paghihiwalay

Ex: The secession of Singapore from Malaysia in 1965 marked a significant event in Southeast Asian history .Ang **paghiwalay** ng Singapore mula sa Malaysia noong 1965 ay nagmarka ng isang makabuluhang pangyayari sa kasaysayan ng Timog-silangang Asya.
commonwealth
commonwealth
[Pangngalan]

a politically organized body of people under a single government, typically emphasizing the common good

Ex: The governor addressed the citizens of the commonwealth.
principality
principality
[Pangngalan]

a territory or state ruled by a prince, often smaller than a kingdom but with a degree of political independence

prinsipalidad, prinsipalidad

prinsipalidad, prinsipalidad

Ex: The principality of Sealand , though unconventional , claims to be a sovereign state despite its small size and unique location .Ang **principality** ng Sealand, bagaman hindi kinaugalian, ay nag-aangking isang soberanong estado sa kabila ng maliit nitong sukat at natatanging lokasyon.
manifesto
manifesto
[Pangngalan]

a written public declaration of intentions, opinions, and objectives, often issued by a political party, a government, or a group of individuals with a shared interest or purpose

manifesto, pahayag publiko

manifesto, pahayag publiko

Ex: The student union published a manifesto to advocate for better educational resources .Ang samahan ng mga mag-aaral ay naglathala ng isang **manifesto** upang itaguyod ang mas mahusay na mga mapagkukunan ng edukasyon.
mandate
mandate
[Pangngalan]

the legality and power given to a government or other organization after winning an election

mandato, awtorisasyon

mandato, awtorisasyon

Ex: The council received a mandate from its members to negotiate better working conditions with the management .Ang konseho ay tumanggap ng **mandato** mula sa mga miyembro nito upang makipag-ayos ng mas mahusay na mga kondisyon sa trabaho sa pamamahala.
delegation
delegation
[Pangngalan]

the process of assigning authority, responsibility, or tasks from a higher authority to a lower-ranking individual or entity to carry out specific duties or functions on their behalf

delegasyon, paglipat ng responsibilidad

delegasyon, paglipat ng responsibilidad

Ex: The delegation of public health responsibilities to county health departments facilitates local responses to health crises .Ang **paglilipat** ng mga responsibilidad sa pampublikong kalusugan sa mga departamento ng kalusugan ng county ay nagpapadali sa mga lokal na tugon sa mga krisis sa kalusugan.
homeland
homeland
[Pangngalan]

the place where someone or a group of people come from and feel a strong connection to

tinubuang lupa, bayan

tinubuang lupa, bayan

Ex: He fought for the protection of his homeland, valuing its history and traditions .Nakipaglaban siya para sa proteksyon ng kanyang **tinubuang-bayan**, pinahahalagahan ang kasaysayan at tradisyon nito.
embargo
embargo
[Pangngalan]

an official order according to which any commercial activity with a particular country is banned

embargo, pagbabawal sa kalakalan

embargo, pagbabawal sa kalakalan

hyperpartisanship
hyperpartisanship
[Pangngalan]

an extreme allegiance to a particular political party or ideology

sobrang pagkampi sa partido, labis na pagiging partisan

sobrang pagkampi sa partido, labis na pagiging partisan

Ex: Some scholars argue that hyperpartisanship is undermining democratic processes .Ang ilang mga iskolar ay nagtatalo na ang **hyperpartisanship** ay nagpapahina sa mga prosesong demokratiko.
bipartisanship
bipartisanship
[Pangngalan]

agreement and collaboration between two major political parties that typically oppose each other's policies

bipartidismo, kooperasyong bipartidista

bipartidismo, kooperasyong bipartidista

Ex: The mayor's initiative to improve public education received bipartisan support, uniting local politicians from different parties.Ang inisyatiba ng alkalde na pagbutihin ang pampublikong edukasyon ay nakatanggap ng suportang **bipartisan**, na nagkaisa sa mga lokal na politiko mula sa iba't ibang partido.
municipal
municipal
[pang-uri]

involving or belonging to the government of a city, town, etc.

munisipyo, pangmunisipyo

munisipyo, pangmunisipyo

Ex: Municipal utilities ensure reliable access to essential services such as water and electricity for residents .Ang mga **munisipyo** na utility ay nagsisiguro ng maaasahang access sa mga mahahalagang serbisyo tulad ng tubig at kuryente para sa mga residente.
electoral
electoral
[pang-uri]

related to voting, elections, or the process of choosing representatives through voting mechanisms

elektoral, kaugnay ng halalan

elektoral, kaugnay ng halalan

Ex: The electoral turnout in the last election was higher than expected , indicating increased civic engagement .Ang **elektoral** na pagdalo sa huling halalan ay mas mataas kaysa inaasahan, na nagpapahiwatig ng mas mataas na pakikipag-ugnayan ng mamamayan.
self-governing
self-governing
[pang-uri]

(of a territory, organization, etc.) making decisions regarding one's internal affairs without external interference

nagsasarili, awtonomo

nagsasarili, awtonomo

Ex: The Nunavut territory in Canada is a self-governing region that represents the Inuit people 's interests and cultural identity .Ang teritoryo ng Nunavut sa Canada ay isang **nagsasarili** na rehiyon na kumakatawan sa mga interes at pagkakakilanlang pangkultura ng mga Inuit.
transnational
transnational
[pang-uri]

operating or involving activities across multiple countries or nations

transnasyonal, multinasyonal

transnasyonal, multinasyonal

Ex: The conference discussed strategies for fostering transnational partnerships in the field of healthcare .Tinalakay ng kumperensya ang mga estratehiya para sa pagpapalago ng mga **transnational** na pakikipagsosyo sa larangan ng pangangalagang pangkalusugan.
geopolitical
geopolitical
[pang-uri]

related to the influence and interactions of geographical factors on political decisions, relationships, and strategies among nations

heopolitikal, may kaugnayan sa heopolitika

heopolitikal, may kaugnayan sa heopolitika

Ex: The geopolitical importance of maritime trade routes has sparked competition among naval powers .Ang **geopolitical** na kahalagahan ng mga ruta ng kalakalan sa dagat ay nagpasiklab ng kompetisyon sa mga kapangyarihang pandagat.
federal
federal
[pang-uri]

relating to the central government of a country rather than the local or regional governments

pederal, nasyonal

pederal, nasyonal

Ex: The federal budget allocates funds for national priorities , including infrastructure and social services .Ang badyet **pederal** ay naglalaan ng pondo para sa mga pambansang priyoridad, kasama ang imprastraktura at mga serbisyong panlipunan.
interstate
interstate
[pang-uri]

involving or relating to the interactions or relationships between states within a country or federation

interstate, pagitan ng mga estado

interstate, pagitan ng mga estado

Ex: The interstate treaty established rules and agreements governing trade and cooperation among neighboring states.Ang kasunduang **interstate** ay nagtatag ng mga patakaran at kasunduan na namamahala sa kalakalan at kooperasyon sa pagitan ng mga kalapit na estado.
authoritarian
authoritarian
[pang-uri]

(of a person or system) enforcing strict obedience to authority at the expense of individual freedom

awtoritaryan, despotiko

awtoritaryan, despotiko

Ex: Authoritarian government frequently disregard human rights and civil liberties in the name of stability .Ang **awtoritaryan** na pamahalaan ay madalas na hindi pinapansin ang karapatang pantao at mga kalayaang sibil sa ngalan ng katatagan.
consular
consular
[pang-uri]

associated with matters or activities of a consulate or consul, particularly the representation and protection of a country's citizens and interests in a foreign city or region

konsular, kaugnay ng konsulado

konsular, kaugnay ng konsulado

Ex: The consular staff organized cultural events to promote understanding and cooperation between nations .Ang **konsular** na staff ay nag-organisa ng mga kultural na kaganapan upang itaguyod ang pag-unawa at kooperasyon sa pagitan ng mga bansa.
precolonial
precolonial
[pang-uri]

relating to the period in a region's history before it was colonized by foreign powers

prekolonyal, bago ang kolonisasyon

prekolonyal, bago ang kolonisasyon

Ex: Precolonial Australia was home to numerous Aboriginal groups, each with distinct languages, customs, and territories.Ang **prekolonyal** na Australia ay tahanan ng maraming pangkat ng Aboriginal, bawat isa ay may natatanging wika, kaugalian, at teritoryo.
to pass
to pass
[Pandiwa]

to make or accept a law by voting or by decree

ipasa, aprubahan

ipasa, aprubahan

Ex: The United Nations Security Council has passed a resolution asking the two countries to resume peace negotiations .Ang United Nations Security Council ay **nagpasa** ng isang resolusyon na humihiling sa dalawang bansa na ipagpatuloy ang mga negosasyon sa kapayapaan.
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