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Humanidades SAT - Politika at Lehislatura

Dito matututo ka ng ilang mga salitang Ingles na may kaugnayan sa politika at lehislatura, tulad ng "kasunduan", "konpederasyon", "summit", atbp., na kakailanganin mo upang mapasa ang iyong SATs.

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SAT Vocabulary for Humanities
policy
policy
[Pangngalan]

a set of ideas or a plan of action that has been chosen officially by a group of people, an organization, a political party, etc.

patakaran

patakaran

Ex: The school district adopted a zero-tolerance policy for bullying. 

Ang distrito ng paaralan ay nagpatibay ng patakaran ng zero-tolerance para sa pambu-bully.

referendum
referendum
[Pangngalan]

a vote in which all the people of a country are asked to decide on one political question

referendum, botohan

referendum, botohan

Ex: Many people voted in the referendum. 

Maraming tao ang bumoto sa referendum.

treaty
treaty
[Pangngalan]

an official agreement between two or more governments or states

kasunduan

kasunduan

Ex: The two countries signed a peace treaty to end decades of conflict and establish diplomatic relations. 

Ang dalawang bansa ay pumirma ng isang kasunduan sa kapayapaan upang wakasan ang mga dekada ng hidwaan at magtatag ng ugnayang diplomatiko.

amendment
amendment
[Pangngalan]

a formal change, addition, or alteration made to a law, contract, constitution, or other legal document

susog, pagbabago

susog, pagbabago

Ex: The proposed amendment to the constitution aims to guarantee equal rights for all citizens. 

Ang iminungkahing susog sa saligang batas ay naglalayong garantiyahan ang pantay na karapatan para sa lahat ng mamamayan.

constitution
constitution
[Pangngalan]

the official laws and principles by which a country or state is governed

saligang batas

saligang batas

Ex: The constitution of this country guarantees freedom of speech and the separation of powers among its branches of government. 

Ang konstitusyon ng bansang ito ay naggarantiya ng kalayaan sa pagsasalita at paghihiwalay ng mga kapangyarihan sa pagitan ng mga sangay ng pamahalaan nito.

tenure
tenure
[Pangngalan]

a period or condition of holding a position

panunungkulan, posisyon

panunungkulan, posisyon

Ex: After years of research and teaching, she finally achieved tenure as a professor at the university. 

Matapos ang maraming taon ng pananaliksik at pagtuturo, sa wakas ay nakamit niya ang tenure bilang propesor sa unibersidad.

inauguration
inauguration
[Pangngalan]

a formal ceremony at which a person is admitted to office

inaugurasyon

inaugurasyon

Ex: The inauguration of the new president was attended by thousands of spectators gathered on the National Mall. 

Ang inauguration ng bagong presidente ay dinaluhan ng libu-libong manonood na nagtipon sa National Mall.

reign
reign
[Pangngalan]

the length of time during which a king, queen, or other monarch rules

panunungkulan, panunungkulan

panunungkulan, panunungkulan

Ex: His reign was remembered for economic prosperity. 

Ang kanyang paghahari ay naalala dahil sa kasaganaan sa ekonomiya.

chamber
chamber
[Pangngalan]

a formal meeting place where discussions or decisions take place, particularly within a administrative or judicial context

silid, bulwagan ng pulong

silid, bulwagan ng pulong

Ex: The Senate chamber was filled with lawmakers debating the new bill. 

Ang silid ng Senado ay puno ng mga mambabatas na tumatalakay sa bagong panukalang batas.

Congress
Congress
[Pangngalan]

the legislative body of the United States, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives

Kongreso, Lehislatibong katawan

Kongreso, Lehislatibong katawan

Ex: Congress passed a new healthcare bill. 

Pumasa ang Kongreso ng isang bagong panukalang batas sa pangangalagang pangkalusugan.

confederacy
confederacy
[Pangngalan]

a group of people or political organization united by a common cause

konpederasyon, alyansa

konpederasyon, alyansa

prime minister
prime minister
[Pangngalan]

the head of government in parliamentary democracies, who is responsible for leading the government and making important decisions on policies and law-making

punong ministro, ulo ng pamahalaan

punong ministro, ulo ng pamahalaan

Ex: The Prime Minister addressed the nation to announce new economic measures aimed at boosting employment. 

Ang Punong Ministro ay nagtalumpati sa bansa upang ipahayag ang mga bagong hakbang sa ekonomiya na naglalayong mapalakas ang trabaho.

democrat
democrat
[Pangngalan]

someone who supports social equality, healthcare reform, environmental protection, and a more active role for government in addressing social issues

demokrata, tagapagtaguyod ng demokrasyang panlipunan

demokrata, tagapagtaguyod ng demokrasyang panlipunan

Ex: Many Democrats prioritize environmental protection and advocate for policies to combat climate change. 

Mga Demokratiko ang nagbibigay ng prayoridad sa pangangalaga sa kapaligiran at nagtataguyod ng mga patakaran upang labanan ang pagbabago ng klima.

liberal
liberal
[Pangngalan]

a person who advocates for progressive reforms, often in politics, economics, or social policies

liberal

liberal

Ex: The organization was founded by liberals who championed human rights and gender equality worldwide. 

Ang organisasyon ay itinatag ng mga liberal na nagtaguyod ng karapatang pantao at pagkakapantay-pantay ng kasarian sa buong mundo.

Republican
Republican
[Pangngalan]

(in the US) someone who supports or is a member of the Republican Party

republicano, miyembro ng Partidong Republican

republicano, miyembro ng Partidong Republican

conservative
conservative
[Pangngalan]

a person who aligns with or supports the principles and policies traditionally associated with conservative political ideologies

konserbatibo, tradisyonalista

konserbatibo, tradisyonalista

Ex: The conservative leader outlined the party's economic policies in a televised debate. 

Inilatag ng lider na konserbatibo ang mga patakarang pang-ekonomiya ng partido sa isang debate sa telebisyon.

communist
communist
[Pangngalan]

a member of a political party that advocates a system aiming for a classless society where resources are owned collectively and distributed based on need

komunista

komunista

Ex: The communist was known for his unwavering dedication to social equality and workers' rights. 

Ang komunista ay kilala sa kanyang matatag na dedikasyon sa panlipunang pagkakapantay-pantay at karapatan ng mga manggagawa.

turnout
turnout
[Pangngalan]

the percentage or number of eligible voters who actually cast their vote

bilang ng mga botante, antas ng partisipasyon

bilang ng mga botante, antas ng partisipasyon

Ex: The election saw a high voter turnout, with over 75% of eligible voters participating. 

Ang eleksyon ay nakakita ng mataas na turnout ng mga botante, na may higit sa 75% ng mga karapat-dapat na botante na lumahok.

democracy
democracy
[Pangngalan]

a form of government where the power is vested in the hands of the people, either directly or through elected representatives

demokrasya

demokrasya

Ex: In a democracy, all citizens have the right to express their opinions freely and participate in decision-making processes. 

Sa isang demokrasya, ang lahat ng mamamayan ay may karapatang malayang ipahayag ang kanilang mga opinyon at makilahok sa mga proseso ng paggawa ng desisyon.

colony
colony
[Pangngalan]

any territory under the full or partial control of another more powerful nation, often occupied by settlers from that nation

kolonya, teritoryo sa ilalim ng kontrol

kolonya, teritoryo sa ilalim ng kontrol

realm
realm
[Pangngalan]

a territory or area of land governed by a monarch or sovereign ruler

kaharian, saklaw

kaharian, saklaw

Ex: The United Kingdom is known for its historic monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II reigning over the realm. 

Ang United Kingdom ay kilala sa makasaysayang monarkiya nito, na si Queen Elizabeth II ang namumuno sa kaharian.

party
party
[Pangngalan]

an official political group with shared beliefs, goals, and policies aiming to be a part of or form a government

partido, partidong pampolitika

partido, partidong pampolitika

Ex: The political party held a rally to mobilize supporters and promote its platform ahead of the upcoming election. 

Ang partido ng pulitika ay nagdaos ng rally upang mag-mobilisa ng mga tagasuporta at itaguyod ang plataporma nito bago ang darating na halalan.

pact
pact
[Pangngalan]

a formal agreement between parties, particularly to help one another

kasunduan, pakta

kasunduan, pakta

Ex: The two countries signed a defense pact to ensure mutual protection against external threats. 

Ang dalawang bansa ay pumirma ng isang kasunduan sa depensa upang matiyak ang mutual na proteksyon laban sa mga panlabas na banta.

proposition
proposition
[Pangngalan]

the act of presenting an idea, suggestion, or proposal for consideration

panukala, mungkahi

panukala, mungkahi

Ex: Her proposition of a new workflow was well received. 

Ang kanyang panukala ng isang bagong workflow ay mabuting tinanggap.

summit
summit
[Pangngalan]

a formal meeting of leaders, especially heads of government

summit, pulong sa rurok

summit, pulong sa rurok

Ex: The leaders attended a climate summit in Geneva. 

Dumalo ang mga pinuno sa isang summit ng klima sa Geneva.

propaganda
propaganda
[Pangngalan]

information and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader

propaganda

propaganda

Ex: The regime used propaganda to control the narrative and maintain public support. 

Ginamit ng rehimen ang propaganda upang kontrolin ang salaysay at mapanatili ang suporta ng publiko.

statute
statute
[Pangngalan]

an officially written and established law

batas, estatuto

batas, estatuto

Ex: The new statute requires all drivers to use hands-free devices while driving. 

Ang bagong batas ay nangangailangan na lahat ng mga drayber ay gumamit ng hands-free na mga device habang nagmamaneho.

nomination
nomination
[Pangngalan]

the process of officially selecting a candidate for either an election or bestowing an honnor

paghirang

paghirang

secession
secession
[Pangngalan]

the formal act of breaking away from a larger political entity or organization

paghihiwalay

paghihiwalay

Ex: The unilateral declaration of secession by Kosovo from Serbia remains a contentious issue in international relations. 

Ang unilateral na deklarasyon ng paghihiwalay ng Kosovo mula sa Serbia ay nananatiling isang kontrobersyal na isyu sa internasyonal na relasyon.

commonwealth
commonwealth
[Pangngalan]

a politically organized body of people under a single government, typically emphasizing the common good

komonwelt, republika

komonwelt, republika

Ex: The commonwealth enacted new laws for public welfare. 

Ang Commonwealth ay nagpatupad ng mga bagong batas para sa kapakanan ng publiko.

principality
principality
[Pangngalan]

a territory or state ruled by a prince, often smaller than a kingdom but with a degree of political independence

prinsipalidad, prinsipalidad

prinsipalidad, prinsipalidad

Ex: Monaco is a renowned principality famous for its luxury and glamorous lifestyle. 

Ang Monaco ay isang kilalang principality, bantog sa kanyang karangyaan at makisig na pamumuhay.

manifesto
manifesto
[Pangngalan]

a written public declaration of intentions, opinions, and objectives, often issued by a political party, a government, or a group of individuals with a shared interest or purpose

manifesto, pahayag publiko

manifesto, pahayag publiko

Ex: The activists issued a manifesto to rally support for their cause. 

Ang mga aktibista ay naglabas ng manifesto upang pagkaisahin ang suporta para sa kanilang adhikain.

mandate
mandate
[Pangngalan]

the legality and power given to a government or other organization after winning an election

mandato, awtorisasyon

mandato, awtorisasyon

Ex: After winning the election with a significant majority, the new government claimed a strong mandate to implement their policies. 

Matapos manalo sa halalan na may malaking mayorya, ang bagong pamahalaan ay nag-angkin ng malakas na mandato upang ipatupad ang kanilang mga patakaran.

delegation
delegation
[Pangngalan]

the process of assigning authority, responsibility, or tasks from a higher authority to a lower-ranking individual or entity to carry out specific duties or functions on their behalf

delegasyon, paglipat ng responsibilidad

delegasyon, paglipat ng responsibilidad

Ex: The mayor's delegation of budgetary decisions to the city council streamlined the governance process. 

Ang paglilipat ng mga desisyon sa badyet ng alkalde sa lungsod konseho ay nagpadali sa proseso ng pamamahala.

homeland
homeland
[Pangngalan]

the place where someone or a group of people come from and feel a strong connection to

tinubuang lupa, bayan

tinubuang lupa, bayan

Ex: After years of living abroad, she returned to her homeland to visit family. 

Matapos ang mga taon ng pamumuhay sa ibang bansa, bumalik siya sa kanyang tinubuang lupa upang bisitahin ang kanyang pamilya.

embargo
embargo
[Pangngalan]

an official order according to which any commercial activity with a particular country is banned

embargo, pagbabawal sa kalakalan

embargo, pagbabawal sa kalakalan

hyperpartisanship
hyperpartisanship
[Pangngalan]

an extreme allegiance to a particular political party or ideology

sobrang pagkampi sa partido, labis na pagiging partisan

sobrang pagkampi sa partido, labis na pagiging partisan

Ex: The increasing hyperpartisanship in Congress has made it difficult to pass bipartisan legislation. 

Ang tumataas na hyperpartisanship sa Kongreso ay naging mahirap na ipasa ang bipartisan na batas.

bipartisanship
bipartisanship
[Pangngalan]

agreement and collaboration between two major political parties that typically oppose each other's policies

bipartidismo, kooperasyong bipartidista

bipartidismo, kooperasyong bipartidista

Ex: The healthcare reform bill was a result of rare bipartisanship, with both parties working together to address the needs of the public. 

Ang panukalang batas sa reporma sa pangangalagang pangkalusugan ay resulta ng bihirang bipartisanship, na parehong partido na nagtutulungan upang tugunan ang mga pangangailangan ng publiko.

municipal
municipal
[pang-uri]

involving or belonging to the government of a city, town, etc.

munisipyo, pangmunisipyo

munisipyo, pangmunisipyo

Ex: The municipal government announced plans to improve public transportation infrastructure in the city. 
electoral
electoral
[pang-uri]

related to voting, elections, or the process of choosing representatives through voting mechanisms

elektoral, kaugnay ng halalan

elektoral, kaugnay ng halalan

Ex: The electoral system determines how representatives are chosen to serve in government. 

Ang sistemang elektoral ay tumutukoy kung paano pinipili ang mga kinatawan upang maglingkod sa pamahalaan.

self-governing
self-governing
[pang-uri]

(of a territory, organization, etc.) making decisions regarding one's internal affairs without external interference

nagsasarili, awtonomo

nagsasarili, awtonomo

Ex: The self-governing island nation of Palau in the Pacific Ocean exercises sovereignty over its internal affairs, including economic policy and environmental conservation. 

Ang nagsasarili na bansang isla ng Palau sa Karagatang Pasipiko ay nagpapatupad ng soberanya sa mga panloob na gawain nito, kabilang ang patakaran sa ekonomiya at pangangalaga sa kapaligiran.

transnational
transnational
[pang-uri]

operating or involving activities across multiple countries or nations

transnasyonal, multinasyonal

transnasyonal, multinasyonal

Ex: Transnational corporations have global operations and supply chains. 

Ang mga korporasyong transnasyonal ay may mga operasyon at supply chain na pandaigdig.

geopolitical
geopolitical
[pang-uri]

related to the influence and interactions of geographical factors on political decisions, relationships, and strategies among nations

heopolitikal, may kaugnayan sa heopolitika

heopolitikal, may kaugnayan sa heopolitika

Ex: Geopolitical tensions between neighboring countries have led to border disputes and military conflicts. 

Ang mga tensyon na heopolitikal sa pagitan ng mga karatig na bansa ay nagdulot ng mga hidwaan sa hangganan at mga labanan militar.

federal
federal
[pang-uri]

relating to the central government of a country rather than the local or regional governments

pederal, nasyonal

pederal, nasyonal

Ex: Federal laws apply uniformly across the entire country. 

Ang mga batas pederal ay pantay na ipinapatupad sa buong bansa.

interstate
interstate
[pang-uri]

involving or relating to the interactions or relationships between states within a country or federation

interstate, pagitan ng mga estado

interstate, pagitan ng mga estado

Ex: The interstate highway system facilitates travel and commerce between states in the United States. 

Ang sistema ng interstate highway ay nagpapadali sa paglalakbay at komersyo sa pagitan ng mga estado sa Estados Unidos.

authoritarian
authoritarian
[pang-uri]

(of a person or system) enforcing strict obedience to authority at the expense of individual freedom

awtoritaryan, despotiko

awtoritaryan, despotiko

Ex: The authoritarian regime tightly controls the media and suppresses dissenting voices. 

Ang awtoritaryan na rehimen ay mahigpit na kumokontrol sa media at pinipigilan ang mga tinig na tumututol.

consular
consular
[pang-uri]

associated with matters or activities of a consulate or consul, particularly the representation and protection of a country's citizens and interests in a foreign city or region

konsular, kaugnay ng konsulado

konsular, kaugnay ng konsulado

Ex: The consular services at the embassy in Paris assisted stranded tourists during the travel disruption. 

Tumulong ang mga serbisyong konsular sa embahada sa Paris sa mga turistang naipit sa panahon ng pagkagambala sa paglalakbay.

precolonial
precolonial
[pang-uri]

relating to the period in a region's history before it was colonized by foreign powers

prekolonyal, bago ang kolonisasyon

prekolonyal, bago ang kolonisasyon

Ex: The precolonial era in Africa was marked by the rise and fall of various powerful kingdoms and empires. 

Ang panahon ng prekolonyal sa Africa ay minarkahan ng pag-akyat at pagbagsak ng iba't ibang makapangyarihang kaharian at imperyo.

to pass
to pass
[Pandiwa]

to make or accept a law by voting or by decree

ipasa, aprubahan

ipasa, aprubahan

Ex: The government has passed new legislation to protect consumers. 

Ang pamahalaan ay nagpasa ng bagong batas upang protektahan ang mga mamimili.

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