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Humanitní Vědy SAT - Politika a Legislativa

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s politikou a legislativou, jako je "smlouva", "konfederace", "summit" atd., která budete potřebovat k úspěšnému složení vašich SATs.

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SAT Vocabulary for Humanities
policy
policy
[Podstatné jméno]

a set of ideas or a plan of action that has been chosen officially by a group of people, an organization, a political party, etc.

politika

politika

Ex: The government introduced a new fiscal policy to stimulate economic growth. 
referendum
referendum
[Podstatné jméno]

a vote in which all the people of a country are asked to decide on one political question

referendum, lidové hlasování

referendum, lidové hlasování

Ex: Many people voted in the referendum. 
treaty
treaty
[Podstatné jméno]

an official agreement between two or more governments or states

smlouva

smlouva

Ex: The two countries signed a peace treaty to end decades of conflict and establish diplomatic relations. 
amendment
amendment
[Podstatné jméno]

a formal change, addition, or alteration made to a law, contract, constitution, or other legal document

novela, změna

novela, změna

Ex: The proposed amendment to the constitution aims to guarantee equal rights for all citizens. 
constitution
constitution
[Podstatné jméno]

the official laws and principles by which a country or state is governed

ústava

ústava

Ex: The constitution of this country guarantees freedom of speech and the separation of powers among its branches of government. 
tenure
tenure
[Podstatné jméno]

a period or condition of holding a position

funkční období, pozice

funkční období, pozice

Ex: After years of research and teaching, she finally achieved tenure as a professor at the university. 
inauguration
inauguration
[Podstatné jméno]

a formal ceremony at which a person is admitted to office

inaugurace

inaugurace

Ex: The inauguration of the new president was attended by thousands of spectators gathered on the National Mall. 
reign
reign
[Podstatné jméno]

the length of time during which a king, queen, or other monarch rules

vláda, vláda

vláda, vláda

Ex: Queen Victoria's reign lasted over 63 years. 
chamber
chamber
[Podstatné jméno]

a formal meeting place where discussions or decisions take place, particularly within a administrative or judicial context

komora, jednací sál

komora, jednací sál

Ex: The Senate chamber was filled with lawmakers debating the new bill. 
Congress
Congress
[Podstatné jméno]

the legislative body of the United States, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives

Kongres, Zákonodárný sbor

Kongres, Zákonodárný sbor

Ex: Congress passed a new healthcare bill. 
confederacy
confederacy
[Podstatné jméno]

a group of people or political organization united by a common cause

konfederace, aliance

konfederace, aliance

prime minister
prime minister
[Podstatné jméno]

the head of government in parliamentary democracies, who is responsible for leading the government and making important decisions on policies and law-making

premiér, šéf vlády

premiér, šéf vlády

Ex: The Prime Minister addressed the nation to announce new economic measures aimed at boosting employment. 
democrat
democrat
[Podstatné jméno]

someone who supports social equality, healthcare reform, environmental protection, and a more active role for government in addressing social issues

demokrat, stoupenec sociální demokracie

demokrat, stoupenec sociální demokracie

Ex: As a Democrat, she believes in expanding access to healthcare for all citizens through government programs. 
liberal
liberal
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who advocates for progressive reforms, often in politics, economics, or social policies

liberál

liberál

Ex: The liberal's proposal for healthcare reform gained support from younger voters seeking universal coverage. 
Republican
Republican
[Podstatné jméno]

(in the US) someone who supports or is a member of the Republican Party

republikán, člen Republikánské strany

republikán, člen Republikánské strany

conservative
conservative
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who aligns with or supports the principles and policies traditionally associated with conservative political ideologies

konzervativec, tradicionalista

konzervativec, tradicionalista

Ex: The conservative candidate won the election by a narrow margin. 
communist
communist
[Podstatné jméno]

a member of a political party that advocates a system aiming for a classless society where resources are owned collectively and distributed based on need

komunista

komunista

Ex: He became a communist after witnessing the exploitation of workers in industrialized cities. 
turnout
turnout
[Podstatné jméno]

the percentage or number of eligible voters who actually cast their vote

volební účast, míra účasti

volební účast, míra účasti

Ex: The election saw a high voter turnout, with over 75% of eligible voters participating. 
democracy
democracy
[Podstatné jméno]

a form of government where the power is vested in the hands of the people, either directly or through elected representatives

demokracie

demokracie

Ex: In a democracy, all citizens have the right to express their opinions freely and participate in decision-making processes. 
colony
colony
[Podstatné jméno]

any territory under the full or partial control of another more powerful nation, often occupied by settlers from that nation

kolonie, území pod kontrolou

kolonie, území pod kontrolou

realm
realm
[Podstatné jméno]

a territory or area of land governed by a monarch or sovereign ruler

království, panství

království, panství

Ex: The United Kingdom is known for its historic monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II reigning over the realm. 
party
party
[Podstatné jméno]

an official political group with shared beliefs, goals, and policies aiming to be a part of or form a government

strana, politická strana

strana, politická strana

Ex: The political party held a rally to mobilize supporters and promote its platform ahead of the upcoming election. 
pact
pact
[Podstatné jméno]

a formal agreement between parties, particularly to help one another

pakt, dohoda

pakt, dohoda

Ex: The two countries signed a defense pact to ensure mutual protection against external threats. 
proposition
proposition
[Podstatné jméno]

the act of presenting an idea, suggestion, or proposal for consideration

návrh, nápad

návrh, nápad

Ex: Her proposition of a new workflow was well received. 
summit
summit
[Podstatné jméno]

a formal meeting of leaders, especially heads of government

summit, vrcholná schůzka

summit, vrcholná schůzka

Ex: The leaders attended a climate summit in Geneva. 
propaganda
propaganda
[Podstatné jméno]

information and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader

propaganda

propaganda

Ex: The regime used propaganda to control the narrative and maintain public support. 
statute
statute
[Podstatné jméno]

an officially written and established law

zákon, statut

zákon, statut

Ex: The new statute requires all drivers to use hands-free devices while driving. 
nomination
nomination
[Podstatné jméno]

the process of officially selecting a candidate for either an election or bestowing an honnor

nominace

nominace

secession
secession
[Podstatné jméno]

the formal act of breaking away from a larger political entity or organization

odtržení

odtržení

Ex: The secession of Crimea from Ukraine in 2014 resulted in significant geopolitical tensions. 
commonwealth
commonwealth
[Podstatné jméno]

a politically organized body of people under a single government, typically emphasizing the common good

společenství, republika

společenství, republika

Ex: The commonwealth enacted new laws for public welfare. 
principality
principality
[Podstatné jméno]

a territory or state ruled by a prince, often smaller than a kingdom but with a degree of political independence

knížectví, knížectví

knížectví, knížectví

Ex: Monaco is a renowned principality famous for its luxury and glamorous lifestyle. 
manifesto
manifesto
[Podstatné jméno]

a written public declaration of intentions, opinions, and objectives, often issued by a political party, a government, or a group of individuals with a shared interest or purpose

manifest, veřejné prohlášení

manifest, veřejné prohlášení

Ex: The activists issued a manifesto to rally support for their cause. 
mandate
mandate
[Podstatné jméno]

the legality and power given to a government or other organization after winning an election

mandát, oprávnění

mandát, oprávnění

Ex: After winning the election with a significant majority, the new government claimed a strong mandate to implement their policies. 
delegation
delegation
[Podstatné jméno]

the process of assigning authority, responsibility, or tasks from a higher authority to a lower-ranking individual or entity to carry out specific duties or functions on their behalf

delegace, přenos odpovědnosti

delegace, přenos odpovědnosti

Ex: The mayor's delegation of budgetary decisions to the city council streamlined the governance process. 
homeland
homeland
[Podstatné jméno]

the place where someone or a group of people come from and feel a strong connection to

vlast, domovina

vlast, domovina

Ex: After years of living abroad, she returned to her homeland to visit family. 
embargo
embargo
[Podstatné jméno]

an official order according to which any commercial activity with a particular country is banned

embargo, obchodní zákaz

embargo, obchodní zákaz

hyperpartisanship
hyperpartisanship
[Podstatné jméno]

an extreme allegiance to a particular political party or ideology

hyperstranickost, extrémní stranická oddanost

hyperstranickost, extrémní stranická oddanost

Ex: The increasing hyperpartisanship in Congress has made it difficult to pass bipartisan legislation. 
bipartisanship
bipartisanship
[Podstatné jméno]

agreement and collaboration between two major political parties that typically oppose each other's policies

bipartisanství, bipartisní spolupráce

bipartisanství, bipartisní spolupráce

Ex: The healthcare reform bill was a result of rare bipartisanship, with both parties working together to address the needs of the public. 
municipal
municipal
[Přídavné jméno]

involving or belonging to the government of a city, town, etc.

městský, obecní

městský, obecní

Ex: The municipal government announced plans to improve public transportation infrastructure in the city. 
electoral
electoral
[Přídavné jméno]

related to voting, elections, or the process of choosing representatives through voting mechanisms

volební, elektorální

volební, elektorální

Ex: The electoral system determines how representatives are chosen to serve in government. 
self-governing
self-governing
[Přídavné jméno]

(of a territory, organization, etc.) making decisions regarding one's internal affairs without external interference

autonomní, samosprávný

autonomní, samosprávný

Ex: Greenland is a self-governing territory within the Kingdom of Denmark, managing its own domestic policies while Denmark handles foreign affairs. 
transnational
transnational
[Přídavné jméno]

operating or involving activities across multiple countries or nations

nadnárodní, multinacionální

nadnárodní, multinacionální

Ex: Transnational corporations have global operations and supply chains. 
geopolitical
geopolitical
[Přídavné jméno]

related to the influence and interactions of geographical factors on political decisions, relationships, and strategies among nations

geopolitický, související s geopolitikou

geopolitický, související s geopolitikou

Ex: Geopolitical tensions between neighboring countries have led to border disputes and military conflicts. 
federal
federal
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to the central government of a country rather than the local or regional governments

federální, ústřední

federální, ústřední

Ex: Federal laws apply uniformly across the entire country. 
interstate
interstate
[Přídavné jméno]

involving or relating to the interactions or relationships between states within a country or federation

mezistátní, mezi státy

mezistátní, mezi státy

Ex: The interstate highway system facilitates travel and commerce between states in the United States. 
authoritarian
authoritarian
[Přídavné jméno]

(of a person or system) enforcing strict obedience to authority at the expense of individual freedom

autoritářský, despotický

autoritářský, despotický

Ex: The authoritarian regime tightly controls the media and suppresses dissenting voices. 
consular
consular
[Přídavné jméno]

associated with matters or activities of a consulate or consul, particularly the representation and protection of a country's citizens and interests in a foreign city or region

konzulární, vztahující se ke konzulátu

konzulární, vztahující se ke konzulátu

Ex: The consular services at the embassy in Paris assisted stranded tourists during the travel disruption. 
precolonial
precolonial
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to the period in a region's history before it was colonized by foreign powers

předkoloniální, před kolonizací

předkoloniální, před kolonizací

Ex: The precolonial era in Africa was marked by the rise and fall of various powerful kingdoms and empires. 
to pass
to pass
[sloveso]

to make or accept a law by voting or by decree

schválit, přijmout

schválit, přijmout

Ex: In 1996, Congress unanimously passed the Food Quality Protection Act. 
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