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Humanitní Vědy SAT - Politika a zákonodárství

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s politikou a legislativou, jako je „treaty“, „confederacy“, „summit“ atd., která budete potřebovat, abyste zvládli své SAT.

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SAT Vocabulary for Humanities
policy
[Podstatné jméno]

a set of ideas or a plan of action that has been chosen officially by a group of people, an organization, a political party, etc.

politika, opatření

politika, opatření

Ex: The school district adopted a zero-tolerance policy for bullying.
referendum
[Podstatné jméno]

the process by which all the people of a country have the opportunity to vote on a single political question

referendum, hlasování

referendum, hlasování

treaty
[Podstatné jméno]

an official agreement between two or more governments or states

smlouva, dohoda

smlouva, dohoda

Ex: The treaty allowed for the transfer of criminals between the two countries to face justice .
amendment
[Podstatné jméno]

a formal change, addition, or alteration made to a law, contract, constitution, or other legal document

návrh změny, doplňující ustanovení

návrh změny, doplňující ustanovení

Ex: The teacher made amendment to the syllabus to include an extra assignment .
constitution
[Podstatné jméno]

the official laws and principles by which a country or state is governed

ústava, konstituce

ústava, konstituce

Ex: constitution of South Africa , adopted in 1996 , enshrines the principles of equality and human dignity as core values of the nation .
tenure
[Podstatné jméno]

a period or condition of holding a position

mandát, úvazek

mandát, úvazek

Ex: Many young professionals aspire to tenure due to the job security and benefits it offers .
inauguration
[Podstatné jméno]

a formal ceremony at which a person is admitted to office

inaugurace, uvádění do úřadu

inaugurace, uvádění do úřadu

Ex: inauguration festivities included parades , concerts , and fireworks to celebrate the new administration .
reign
[Podstatné jméno]

the period that a monarch rules

vláda, panování

vláda, panování

Ex: The reign of the king saw significant advancements in arts and science throughout the kingdom .
chamber
[Podstatné jméno]

a formal meeting place where discussions or decisions take place, particularly within a administrative or judicial context

sněmovna, komora

sněmovna, komora

Ex: During the summit , leaders from across the region gathered in the chamber to discuss regional security issues .
congress
[Podstatné jméno]

(in some countries) the group of people who have been elected to make laws, which in the US it consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate

kongres, sněmovna

kongres, sněmovna

confederacy
[Podstatné jméno]

a group of people or political organization united by a common cause

konfederace, spolek

konfederace, spolek

prime minister
[Podstatné jméno]

the head of government in parliamentary democracies, who is responsible for leading the government and making important decisions on policies and law-making

premiér, předseda vlády

premiér, předseda vlády

Ex: The Prime Minister's term in office ended after a successful vote of no confidence in Parliament.
democrat
[Podstatné jméno]

someone who supports social equality, healthcare reform, environmental protection, and a more active role for government in addressing social issues

demokrat, demokratka

demokrat, demokratka

Ex: In recent elections, Democrats have focused on issues like affordable education and criminal justice reform.
liberal
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who advocates for progressive reforms, often in politics, economics, or social policies

liberál, progresista

liberál, progresista

Ex: She identified as a liberal and actively campaigned for environmental protections and social justice initiatives.
Republican
[Podstatné jméno]

(in the US) someone who supports or is a member of the Republican Party

republican, republicán

republican, republicán

conservative
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who aligns with or supports the principles and policies traditionally associated with conservative political ideologies

konzervativec, konservativní člověk

konzervativec, konservativní člověk

Ex: Many conservative MPs voiced their concerns over the proposed tax reforms.
communist
[Podstatné jméno]

a member of a political party that advocates a system aiming for a classless society where resources are owned collectively and distributed based on need

komunista, člen komunistické strany

komunista, člen komunistické strany

Ex: communist's speeches often emphasized solidarity among workers and the need for international cooperation against imperialism .
turnout
[Podstatné jméno]

the percentage or number of eligible voters who actually cast their vote

účast voličů, volební účast

účast voličů, volební účast

Ex: Efforts to increase voter turnout included extending polling hours and providing transportation.
democracy
[Podstatné jméno]

a form of government where the power is vested in the hands of the people, either directly or through elected representatives

demokracie, demokratický systém

demokracie, demokratický systém

Ex: In democracy, the judiciary is independent from the executive and legislative branches .
colony
[Podstatné jméno]

any territory under the full or partial control of another more powerful nation, often occupied by settlers from that nation

kolonie, kolonizační území

kolonie, kolonizační území

realm
[Podstatné jméno]

a territory or area of land governed by a monarch or sovereign ruler

království, říše

království, říše

Ex: The king 's coronation ceremony marked his ascension to the throne and his commitment to govern realm justly and wisely .
party
[Podstatné jméno]

an official political group with shared beliefs, goals, and policies aiming to be a part of or form a government

politická strana, strana

politická strana, strana

Ex: In celebration of their electoral victory , party hosted a gala event to thank volunteers and donors for their contributions .
pact
[Podstatné jméno]

a formal agreement between parties, particularly to help one another

pakt, dohoda

pakt, dohoda

Ex: The treaty served as a pact, fostering peace and cooperation between the formerly rival nations .
proposition
[Podstatné jméno]

the act of presenting something, such as an idea or suggestion to be considered

návrh, propozice

návrh, propozice

summit
[Podstatné jméno]

an official gathering during which the heads of governments discuss crucial issues

summit, vrcholná schůzka

summit, vrcholná schůzka

propaganda
[Podstatné jméno]

information and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader

propaganda, propagandistické informace

propaganda, propagandistické informace

Ex: The rise of social media has made it easier to propaganda quickly and widely .
statute
[Podstatné jméno]

an officially written and established law

statut, zákon

statut, zákon

Ex: Under statute, the company must provide annual safety training for employees .
nomination
[Podstatné jméno]

the process of officially selecting a candidate for either an election or bestowing an honnor

nominace, kandidatura

nominace, kandidatura

secession
[Podstatné jméno]

the formal act of breaking away from a larger political entity or organization

secesi, odtržení

secesi, odtržení

Ex: secession of Singapore from Malaysia in 1965 marked a significant event in Southeast Asian history .
commonwealth
[Podstatné jméno]

a political association or entity in which states or countries cooperate and share certain common objectives or interests while retaining their individual independence

společenství, svaz

společenství, svaz

Ex: The concept of commonwealth allows diverse nations to collaborate on global issues while preserving their unique identities and governing structures .
principality
[Podstatné jméno]

a territory or state ruled by a prince, often smaller than a kingdom but with a degree of political independence

princezství, knížectví

princezství, knížectví

Ex: principality of Sealand , though unconventional , claims to be a sovereign state despite its small size and unique location .
manifesto
[Podstatné jméno]

a written public declaration of intentions, opinions, and objectives, often issued by a political party, a government, or a group of individuals with a shared interest or purpose

manifest, prohlášení

manifest, prohlášení

Ex: The student union published manifesto to advocate for better educational resources .
mandate
[Podstatné jméno]

the legality and power given to a government or other organization after winning an election

mandát, pověření

mandát, pověření

Ex: The council received mandate from its members to negotiate better working conditions with the management .
delegation
[Podstatné jméno]

the process of assigning authority, responsibility, or tasks from a higher authority to a lower-ranking individual or entity to carry out specific duties or functions on their behalf

delegace, pověření

delegace, pověření

Ex: delegation of public health responsibilities to county health departments facilitates local responses to health crises .
homeland
[Podstatné jméno]

the place where someone or a group of people come from and feel a strong connection to

domovina, vlast

domovina, vlast

Ex: He fought for the protection of homeland, valuing its history and traditions .
embargo
[Podstatné jméno]

an official order according to which any commercial activity with a particular country is banned

embargo, uzávěrka

embargo, uzávěrka

hyperpartisanship
[Podstatné jméno]

an extreme allegiance to a particular political party or ideology

hyperpartijní příslušnost, hyperpartismus

hyperpartijní příslušnost, hyperpartismus

Ex: Some scholars argue that hyperpartisanship is undermining democratic processes.
bipartisanship
[Podstatné jméno]

agreement and collaboration between two major political parties that typically oppose each other's policies

bipartijní spolupráce, dohoda mezi stranami

bipartijní spolupráce, dohoda mezi stranami

Ex: The mayor's initiative to improve public education received bipartisan support, uniting local politicians from different parties.
municipal
[Přídavné jméno]

involving or belonging to the government of a city, town, etc.

městský, obecní

městský, obecní

Ex: Municipal utilities ensure reliable access to essential services such as water and electricity for residents .
electoral
[Přídavné jméno]

related to voting, elections, or the process of choosing representatives through voting mechanisms

volební, elektorální

volební, elektorální

Ex: electoral turnout in the last election was higher than expected , indicating increased civic engagement .
self-governing
[Přídavné jméno]

(of a territory, organization, etc.) making decisions regarding one's internal affairs without external interference

autonomní, samostatně se řídící

autonomní, samostatně se řídící

Ex: The Nunavut territory in Canada is self-governing region that represents the Inuit people 's interests and cultural identity .
transnational
[Přídavné jméno]

operating or involving activities across multiple countries or nations

transnárodní, mezinárodní

transnárodní, mezinárodní

Ex: The conference discussed strategies for transnational partnerships in the field of healthcare .
geopolitical
[Přídavné jméno]

related to the influence and interactions of geographical factors on political decisions, relationships, and strategies among nations

geopolitický, geopolitická

geopolitický, geopolitická

Ex: geopolitical importance of maritime trade routes has sparked competition among naval powers .
federal
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to the central government of a country rather than the local or regional governments

federální, federativní

federální, federativní

Ex: federal budget allocates funds for national priorities , including infrastructure and social services .
interstate
[Přídavné jméno]

involving or relating to the interactions or relationships between states within a country or federation

mezinárodní, interstate

mezinárodní, interstate

Ex: The interstate treaty established rules and agreements governing trade and cooperation among neighboring states.
authoritarian
[Přídavné jméno]

(of a person or system) enforcing strict obedience to authority at the expense of individual freedom

autoritářský, dictatorský

autoritářský, dictatorský

Ex: Authoritarian government frequently disregard human rights and civil liberties in the name of stability .
consular
[Přídavné jméno]

associated with matters or activities of a consulate or consul, particularly the representation and protection of a country's citizens and interests in a foreign city or region

konzulární, konzularní

konzulární, konzularní

Ex: consular staff organized cultural events to promote understanding and cooperation between nations .
precolonial
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to the period in a region's history before it was colonized by foreign powers

předkoloniální, předkolonizace

předkoloniální, předkolonizace

Ex: Precolonial Australia was home to numerous Aboriginal groups, each with distinct languages, customs, and territories.
to pass
[sloveso]

to make or accept a law by voting or by decree

přijmout, schválit

přijmout, schválit

Ex: The United Nations Security Council passed a resolution asking the two countries to resume peace negotiations .
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