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Științe Umaniste SAT - Politică și Legislatură

Aici vei învăța câteva cuvinte în engleză legate de politică și legislație, cum ar fi "tratat", "confederație", "summit" etc., de care vei avea nevoie pentru a trece cu bine de testele SAT.

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SAT Vocabulary for Humanities
policy
policy
[substantiv]

a set of ideas or a plan of action that has been chosen officially by a group of people, an organization, a political party, etc.

politică

politică

Ex: The company implemented a strict no-smoking policy within its premises. 
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referendum
referendum
[substantiv]

a public vote in which people in a country or area decide or express their opinion on an important political or social question

referendum,  plebiscit

referendum, plebiscit

Ex: The government announced a referendum on the proposed constitutional change. 
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treaty
treaty
[substantiv]

an official agreement between two or more governments or states

tratat

tratat

Ex: The trade treaty between the nations reduced tariffs and facilitated greater economic cooperation. 
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amendment
amendment
[substantiv]

a formal change or addition made to a law, constitution, contract, or other legal document

amendament,  modificare

amendament, modificare

Ex: Congress approved an amendment to the existing law. 
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constitution
constitution
[substantiv]

the official laws and principles by which a country or state is governed

constituție

constituție

Ex: The constitution of the United States guarantees certain fundamental rights to its citizens, such as freedom of speech and the right to bear arms. 
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tenure
tenure
[substantiv]

a period or condition of holding a position

perioadă, funcție

perioadă, funcție

Ex: After years of research and teaching, she finally achieved tenure as a professor at the university. 

După ani de cercetare și predare, a obținut în sfârșit postul permanent de profesor la universitate.

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inauguration
inauguration
[substantiv]

a formal ceremony at which a person is admitted to office

inaugurare

inaugurare

Ex: The inauguration of the new president was attended by thousands of spectators gathered on the National Mall. 

Inaugurarea noului președinte a fost urmărită de mii de spectatori adunați pe National Mall.

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reign
reign
[substantiv]

the period during which a particular monarch rules

domnie

domnie

Ex: The palace was built during the king's reign. 
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chamber
chamber
[substantiv]

a formal meeting place where discussions or decisions take place, particularly within a administrative or judicial context

cameră, sală de ședințe

cameră, sală de ședințe

Ex: The city council chamber was packed with residents voicing their concerns about the proposed zoning changes. 
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Congress
Congress
[substantiv]

the legislative body of the United States, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives

Congres, Corp legislativ

Congres, Corp legislativ

Ex: The president addressed Congress in a formal speech. 
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confederacy
confederacy
[substantiv]

a group of people or political organization united by a common cause

confederație, alianță

confederație, alianță

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prime minister
prime minister
[substantiv]

the head of government in parliamentary democracies, who is responsible for leading the government and making important decisions on policies and law-making

prim-ministru, șef al guvernului

prim-ministru, șef al guvernului

Ex: The Prime Minister addressed the nation to announce new economic measures aimed at boosting employment. 

Prim-ministrul s-a adresat națiunii pentru a anunța noi măsuri economice menite să stimuleze ocuparea forței de muncă.

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Democrat
Democrat
[substantiv]

a member or supporter of the Democratic Party in the United States

democrat, susținător al Partidului Democrat

democrat, susținător al Partidului Democrat

Ex: She has been a Democrat for most of her adult life. 
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liberal
liberal
[substantiv]

a person who advocates for progressive reforms, often in politics, economics, or social policies

liberal

liberal

Ex: The liberal's proposal for healthcare reform gained support from younger voters seeking universal coverage. 
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Republican
Republican
[substantiv]

a member or supporter of the Republican Party in the United States

republican

republican

Ex: She has been a Republican for many years. 
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conservative
conservative
[substantiv]

a person who aligns with or supports the principles and policies traditionally associated with conservative political ideologies

conservator, tradiționalist

conservator, tradiționalist

Ex: The conservative candidate won the election by a narrow margin. 
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communist
communist
[substantiv]

a member of a political party that advocates a system aiming for a classless society where resources are owned collectively and distributed based on need

comunist

comunist

Ex: He became a communist after witnessing the exploitation of workers in industrialized cities. 
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turnout
turnout
[substantiv]

the percentage or number of eligible voters who actually cast their vote

prezența la vot, rata de participare

prezența la vot, rata de participare

Ex: The election saw a high voter turnout, with over 75% of eligible voters participating. 

Alegerile au înregistrat o prezență la vot ridicată, cu peste 75% din alegătorii eligibili participând.

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democracy
democracy
[substantiv]

a form of government where the power is vested in the hands of the people, either directly or through elected representatives

democrație

democrație

Ex: The democracy allows citizens to participate in free and fair elections. 
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colony
colony
[substantiv]

a country or territory politically controlled by another, more powerful country

Ex: India was once a British colony. 
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realm
realm
[substantiv]

a country or territory ruled by a monarch

regat,  imperiu

regat, imperiu

Ex: The king traveled throughout the realm to meet his subjects. 
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party
party
[substantiv]

an official political group with shared beliefs, goals, and policies aiming to be a part of or form a government

partid, partid politic

partid, partid politic

Ex: The political party held a rally to mobilize supporters and promote its platform ahead of the upcoming election. 
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pact
pact
[substantiv]

a formal agreement between parties, particularly to help one another

pact, acord

pact, acord

Ex: The environmental groups entered into a pact to collaborate on climate change initiatives. 
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proposition
proposition
[substantiv]

the act of presenting an idea, plan, or offer for consideration

propunere

propunere

Ex: The proposition of a compromise opened the way for further negotiations. 
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summit
summit
[substantiv]

a formal meeting between leaders of governments or other high-ranking officials

summit

summit

Ex: Several world leaders attended the economic summit. 
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propaganda
propaganda
[substantiv]

information and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader

propagandă

propagandă

Ex: The regime used propaganda to control the narrative and maintain public support. 
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statute
statute
[substantiv]

a written law formally enacted by a legislative body

statut

statut

Ex: The new statute limits the use of personal data. 
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nomination
nomination
[substantiv]

the process of officially selecting a candidate for either an election or bestowing an honnor

nominalizare

nominalizare

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secession
secession
[substantiv]

the formal act of breaking away from a larger political entity or organization

secesiune

secesiune

Ex: The peaceful secession of Norway from Sweden in 1905 set a precedent for diplomatic solutions to territorial disputes. 

Secesiunea pașnică a Norvegiei de Suedia în 1905 a stabilit un precedent pentru soluțiile diplomatice ale disputelor teritoriale.

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commonwealth
commonwealth
[substantiv]

a politically organized body of people under a single government, typically emphasizing the common good

comunitate, republică

comunitate, republică

Ex: The commonwealth enacted new laws for public welfare. 

Commonwealth-ul a promulgat legi noi pentru bunăstarea publică.

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principality
principality
[substantiv]

a territory or state ruled by a prince, often smaller than a kingdom but with a degree of political independence

principat, principat

principat, principat

Ex: Monaco is a renowned principality famous for its luxury and glamorous lifestyle. 

Monaco este un renumat principat, faimos pentru luxul și stilul de viață glamuros.

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manifesto
manifesto
[substantiv]

a written public declaration of intentions, opinions, and objectives, often issued by a political party, a government, or a group of individuals with a shared interest or purpose

manifest, declarație publică

manifest, declarație publică

Ex: The activists issued a manifesto to rally support for their cause. 

Activiștii au emis un manifest pentru a mobiliza sprijinul pentru cauza lor.

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mandate
mandate
[substantiv]

the legality and power given to a government or other organization after winning an election

mandat, autorizație

mandat, autorizație

Ex: After winning the election with a significant majority, the new government claimed a strong mandate to implement their policies. 
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delegation
delegation
[substantiv]

the act or process of giving work, responsibility, or authority to another person

delegare,  delegare de autoritate

delegare, delegare de autoritate

Ex: Effective delegation allows managers to focus on higher-level decisions. 
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homeland
homeland
[substantiv]

the place where someone or a group of people come from and feel a strong connection to

patrie, țară natală

patrie, țară natală

Ex: After years of living abroad, she returned to her homeland to visit family. 

După ani de viață în străinătate, s-a întors în patria ei pentru a-și vizita familia.

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embargo
embargo
[substantiv]

an official order according to which any commercial activity with a particular country is banned

embargo, interzicere comercială

embargo, interzicere comercială

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hyperpartisanship
hyperpartisanship
[substantiv]

an extreme allegiance to a particular political party or ideology

hiperpartizanat, extremă loialitate politică

hiperpartizanat, extremă loialitate politică

Ex: The increasing hyperpartisanship in Congress has made it difficult to pass bipartisan legislation. 

Hyperpartizaneria în creștere din Congres a făcut dificilă adoptarea unei legislații bipartite.

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bipartisanship
bipartisanship
[substantiv]

agreement and collaboration between two major political parties that typically oppose each other's policies

bipartitism, cooperare bipartisană

bipartitism, cooperare bipartisană

Ex: The healthcare reform bill was a result of rare bipartisanship, with both parties working together to address the needs of the public. 

Proiectul de lege privind reforma sănătății a fost rezultatul unui rar bipartitism, ambele partide lucrând împreună pentru a răspunde nevoilor publice.

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municipal
municipal
[adjectiv]

involving or belonging to the government of a city, town, etc.

municipal, al primăriei

municipal, al primăriei

Ex: The municipal government announced plans to improve public transportation infrastructure in the city. 
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electoral
electoral
[adjectiv]

related to voting, elections, or the process of choosing representatives through voting mechanisms

electoral, referitor la alegeri

electoral, referitor la alegeri

Ex: The electoral system determines how representatives are chosen to serve in government. 
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self-governing
self-governing
[adjectiv]

(of a territory, organization, etc.) making decisions regarding one's internal affairs without external interference

autonom, autoguvernat

autonom, autoguvernat

Ex: Hong Kong, under the "one country, two systems" framework, enjoys a degree of self-governing autonomy within China. 

Hong Kong, sub cadrul "o țară, două sisteme", se bucură de un grad de autonomie autoguvernată în China.

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transnational
transnational
[adjectiv]

operating or involving activities across multiple countries or nations

transnațional, multinațional

transnațional, multinațional

Ex: Transnational corporations have global operations and supply chains. 

Corporațiile transnaționale au operațiuni și lanțuri de aprovizionare globale.

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geopolitical
geopolitical
[adjectiv]

related to the influence and interactions of geographical factors on political decisions, relationships, and strategies among nations

geopolitic, legat de geopolitică

geopolitic, legat de geopolitică

Ex: Geopolitical tensions between neighboring countries have led to border disputes and military conflicts. 

Tensiunile geopolitice dintre țările vecine au dus la dispute de frontieră și conflicte militare.

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federal
federal
[adjectiv]

relating to the central government of a country rather than the local or regional governments

federal, central

federal, central

Ex: Federal laws apply uniformly across the entire country. 

Legile federale se aplică uniform pe întreg teritoriul țării.

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interstate
interstate
[adjectiv]

involving or relating to the interactions or relationships between states within a country or federation

interstatal, între state

interstatal, între state

Ex: The interstate highway system facilitates travel and commerce between states in the United States. 

Sistemul de autostrăzi interstate facilitează călătoriile și comerțul între statele din Statele Unite.

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authoritarian
authoritarian
[adjectiv]

(of a person or system) enforcing strict obedience to authority at the expense of individual freedom

autoritar, despotic

autoritar, despotic

Ex: The authoritarian regime tightly controls the media and suppresses dissenting voices. 

Regimul autoritar controlează strâns mass-media și suprimă vocile disidente.

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consular
consular
[adjectiv]

associated with matters or activities of a consulate or consul, particularly the representation and protection of a country's citizens and interests in a foreign city or region

consular, referitor la consulat

consular, referitor la consulat

Ex: The consular services at the embassy in Paris assisted stranded tourists during the travel disruption. 

Serviciile consulare de la ambasadă din Paris au ajutat turiștii blocați în timpul întreruperii călătoriei.

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precolonial
precolonial
[adjectiv]

relating to the period in a region's history before it was colonized by foreign powers

precolonial, înainte de colonizare

precolonial, înainte de colonizare

Ex: The precolonial era in Africa was marked by the rise and fall of various powerful kingdoms and empires. 

Epoca precolonială în Africa a fost marcată de ascensiunea și declinul diferitelor regate și imperii puternice.

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to pass
to pass
[verb]

to make or accept a law by voting or by decree

adopta, aprobă

adopta, aprobă

Ex: The motion was passed by 16 votes to 11. 
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