a set of ideas or a plan of action that has been chosen officially by a group of people, an organization, a political party, etc.

政策
the process by which all the people of a country have the opportunity to vote on a single political question

公投
an official agreement between two or more governments or states

条约
a formal change, addition, or alteration made to a law, contract, constitution, or other legal document

修正案, 修改
the official laws and principles by which a country or state is governed

宪法
a period or condition of holding a position

任期, 职位
a formal ceremony at which a person is admitted to office

就职典礼
the period that a monarch rules

统治时期
a formal meeting place where discussions or decisions take place, particularly within a administrative or judicial context

会议厅, 议事厅
(in some countries) the group of people who have been elected to make laws, which in the US it consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate

国会, 立法机构
the head of government in parliamentary democracies, who is responsible for leading the government and making important decisions on policies and law-making

总理, 政府首脑
someone who supports social equality, healthcare reform, environmental protection, and a more active role for government in addressing social issues

民主党人, 社会民主的支持者
a person who advocates for progressive reforms, often in politics, economics, or social policies

自由主义者
a person who aligns with or supports the principles and policies traditionally associated with conservative political ideologies

保守派, 传统主义者
a member of a political party that advocates a system aiming for a classless society where resources are owned collectively and distributed based on need

共产主义者
the percentage or number of eligible voters who actually cast their vote

投票率, 参与率
a form of government where the power is vested in the hands of the people, either directly or through elected representatives

民主
any territory under the full or partial control of another more powerful nation, often occupied by settlers from that nation

殖民地, 控制下的领土
a territory or area of land governed by a monarch or sovereign ruler

王国, 领域
an official political group with shared beliefs, goals, and policies aiming to be a part of or form a government

党, 政党
a formal agreement between parties, particularly to help one another

协定, 协议
information and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader

宣传
an officially written and established law

法令, 章程
the process of officially selecting a candidate for either an election or bestowing an honnor

提名
the formal act of breaking away from a larger political entity or organization

分裂
a political association or entity in which states or countries cooperate and share certain common objectives or interests while retaining their individual independence

联邦, 共和国
a territory or state ruled by a prince, often smaller than a kingdom but with a degree of political independence

公国, 公国
a written public declaration of intentions, opinions, and objectives, often issued by a political party, a government, or a group of individuals with a shared interest or purpose

宣言, 公开声明
the legality and power given to a government or other organization after winning an election

授权, 委任
the process of assigning authority, responsibility, or tasks from a higher authority to a lower-ranking individual or entity to carry out specific duties or functions on their behalf

授权, 责任转移
the place where someone or a group of people come from and feel a strong connection to

祖国, 家乡
an official order according to which any commercial activity with a particular country is banned

禁运, 贸易禁令
an extreme allegiance to a particular political party or ideology

超党派主义, 极端党派性
agreement and collaboration between two major political parties that typically oppose each other's policies

两党制, 两党合作
involving or belonging to the government of a city, town, etc.

市政的, 市政府的
related to voting, elections, or the process of choosing representatives through voting mechanisms

选举的, 与选举有关的
(of a territory, organization, etc.) making decisions regarding one's internal affairs without external interference

自治的, 自我管理的
operating or involving activities across multiple countries or nations

跨国的, 跨国界的
related to the influence and interactions of geographical factors on political decisions, relationships, and strategies among nations

地缘政治的, 与地缘政治有关的
relating to the central government of a country rather than the local or regional governments

联邦的, 中央的
involving or relating to the interactions or relationships between states within a country or federation

州际的, 州之间的
(of a person or system) enforcing strict obedience to authority at the expense of individual freedom

威权主义的, 专制的
associated with matters or activities of a consulate or consul, particularly the representation and protection of a country's citizens and interests in a foreign city or region

领事的, 与领事馆有关的
relating to the period in a region's history before it was colonized by foreign powers

前殖民时期的, 殖民前的
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