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人文学科SAT - 政治与立法

在这里,你将学习一些与政治和立法相关的英语单词,如“条约”、“联盟”、“峰会”等,这些是你需要通过SAT考试所需要的。

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SAT Vocabulary for Humanities
policy
[名词]

a set of ideas or a plan of action that has been chosen officially by a group of people, an organization, a political party, etc.

政策

政策

Ex: The school district adopted a zero-tolerance policy for bullying.该学区对欺凌行为采取了零容忍**政策**。
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referendum
[名词]

the process by which all the people of a country have the opportunity to vote on a single political question

公投

公投

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treaty
[名词]

an official agreement between two or more governments or states

条约

条约

Ex: The extradition treaty allowed for the transfer of criminals between the two countries to face justice .**条约**允许两国之间引渡罪犯以面对正义。
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amendment
[名词]

a formal change, addition, or alteration made to a law, contract, constitution, or other legal document

修正案, 修改

修正案, 修改

Ex: The teacher made an amendment to the syllabus to include an extra assignment .老师对教学大纲进行了**修订**,以包括一项额外作业。
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constitution
[名词]

the official laws and principles by which a country or state is governed

宪法

宪法

Ex: The constitution of South Africa , adopted in 1996 , enshrines the principles of equality and human dignity as core values of the nation .南非的**宪法**于1996年通过,将平等和人类尊严的原则作为国家的核心价值观。
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tenure
[名词]

a period or condition of holding a position

任期, 职位

任期, 职位

Ex: Many young professionals aspire to secure tenure due to the job security and benefits it offers .许多年轻的专业人士渴望获得**tenure**,因为它提供了工作保障和福利。
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inauguration
[名词]

a formal ceremony at which a person is admitted to office

就职典礼

就职典礼

Ex: The inauguration festivities included parades , concerts , and fireworks to celebrate the new administration .**就职**庆祝活动包括游行、音乐会和烟花,以庆祝新政府。
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reign
[名词]

the period that a monarch rules

统治时期

统治时期

Ex: The peaceful reign of the king saw significant advancements in arts and science throughout the kingdom .国王的和平**统治**时期见证了整个王国艺术和科学的重大进步。
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chamber
[名词]

a formal meeting place where discussions or decisions take place, particularly within a administrative or judicial context

会议厅, 议事厅

会议厅, 议事厅

Ex: During the summit , leaders from across the region gathered in the diplomatic chamber to discuss regional security issues .在峰会期间,来自整个地区的领导人聚集在外交**会议厅**讨论地区安全问题。
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congress
[名词]

(in some countries) the group of people who have been elected to make laws, which in the US it consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate

国会, 立法机构

国会, 立法机构

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confederacy
[名词]

a group of people or political organization united by a common cause

联盟, 同盟

联盟, 同盟

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the head of government in parliamentary democracies, who is responsible for leading the government and making important decisions on policies and law-making

总理, 政府首脑

总理, 政府首脑

Ex: The Prime Minister's term in office ended after a successful vote of no confidence in Parliament.**总理**的任期在议会成功通过不信任投票后结束。
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democrat
[名词]

someone who supports social equality, healthcare reform, environmental protection, and a more active role for government in addressing social issues

民主党人, 社会民主的支持者

民主党人, 社会民主的支持者

Ex: In recent elections, Democrats have focused on issues like affordable education and criminal justice reform.在最近的选举中,**民主党人**专注于诸如负担得起的教育和刑事司法改革等问题。
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liberal
[名词]

a person who advocates for progressive reforms, often in politics, economics, or social policies

自由主义者

自由主义者

Ex: She identified as a liberal and actively campaigned for environmental protections and social justice initiatives.她自认为是一名**自由主义者**,并积极为环境保护和社会正义倡议进行活动。
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Republican
[名词]

(in the US) someone who supports or is a member of the Republican Party

共和党人, 共和党成员

共和党人, 共和党成员

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conservative
[名词]

a person who aligns with or supports the principles and policies traditionally associated with conservative political ideologies

保守派, 传统主义者

保守派, 传统主义者

Ex: Many conservative MPs voiced their concerns over the proposed tax reforms.许多**保守党**议员对提议的税收改革表示担忧。
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communist
[名词]

a member of a political party that advocates a system aiming for a classless society where resources are owned collectively and distributed based on need

共产主义者

共产主义者

Ex: The communist's speeches often emphasized solidarity among workers and the need for international cooperation against imperialism .**共产主义者**的演讲经常强调工人之间的团结以及反对帝国主义的国际合作必要性。
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turnout
[名词]

the percentage or number of eligible voters who actually cast their vote

投票率, 参与率

投票率, 参与率

Ex: Efforts to increase voter turnout included extending polling hours and providing transportation.为提高**选民投票率**所做的努力包括延长投票时间和提供交通工具。
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democracy
[名词]

a form of government where the power is vested in the hands of the people, either directly or through elected representatives

民主

民主

Ex: In a democracy, the judiciary is independent from the executive and legislative branches .在**民主**国家中,司法独立于行政和立法部门。
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colony
[名词]

any territory under the full or partial control of another more powerful nation, often occupied by settlers from that nation

殖民地, 控制下的领土

殖民地, 控制下的领土

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realm
[名词]

a territory or area of land governed by a monarch or sovereign ruler

王国, 领域

王国, 领域

Ex: The king 's coronation ceremony marked his ascension to the throne and his commitment to govern the realm justly and wisely .国王的加冕仪式标志着他登上王位,并承诺公正而明智地统治**王国**。
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party
[名词]

an official political group with shared beliefs, goals, and policies aiming to be a part of or form a government

党, 政党

党, 政党

Ex: In celebration of their electoral victory , the party hosted a gala event to thank volunteers and donors for their contributions .为了庆祝他们的选举胜利,**党**举办了一场盛大的活动,感谢志愿者和捐助者的贡献。
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pact
[名词]

a formal agreement between parties, particularly to help one another

协定, 协议

协定, 协议

Ex: The treaty served as a historic pact, fostering peace and cooperation between the formerly rival nations .该条约作为一项历史性的**协定**,促进了前敌对国之间的和平与合作。
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proposition
[名词]

the act of presenting something, such as an idea or suggestion to be considered

提议

提议

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summit
[名词]

an official gathering during which the heads of governments discuss crucial issues

峰会

峰会

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propaganda
[名词]

information and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader

宣传

宣传

Ex: The rise of social media has made it easier to disseminate propaganda quickly and widely .社交媒体的兴起使得**宣传**能够快速而广泛地传播。
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statute
[名词]

an officially written and established law

法令, 章程

法令, 章程

Ex: Under the statute, the company must provide annual safety training for employees .根据**法规**,公司必须为员工提供年度安全培训。
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nomination
[名词]

the process of officially selecting a candidate for either an election or bestowing an honnor

提名

提名

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secession
[名词]

the formal act of breaking away from a larger political entity or organization

分裂

分裂

Ex: The secession of Singapore from Malaysia in 1965 marked a significant event in Southeast Asian history .1965年新加坡从马来西亚的**分离**标志着东南亚历史上的一个重要事件。
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commonwealth
[名词]

a political association or entity in which states or countries cooperate and share certain common objectives or interests while retaining their individual independence

联邦, 共和国

联邦, 共和国

Ex: The concept of a commonwealth allows diverse nations to collaborate on global issues while preserving their unique identities and governing structures .**联邦**的概念允许不同的国家在全球问题上合作,同时保留其独特的身份和治理结构。
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principality
[名词]

a territory or state ruled by a prince, often smaller than a kingdom but with a degree of political independence

公国, 公国

公国, 公国

Ex: The principality of Sealand , though unconventional , claims to be a sovereign state despite its small size and unique location .西兰**公国**虽然非常规,但声称是一个主权国家,尽管其面积小且位置独特。
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manifesto
[名词]

a written public declaration of intentions, opinions, and objectives, often issued by a political party, a government, or a group of individuals with a shared interest or purpose

宣言, 公开声明

宣言, 公开声明

Ex: The student union published a manifesto to advocate for better educational resources .学生会发表了一份**宣言**,倡导更好的教育资源。
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mandate
[名词]

the legality and power given to a government or other organization after winning an election

授权, 委任

授权, 委任

Ex: The council received a mandate from its members to negotiate better working conditions with the management .理事会从其成员那里获得了与管理层谈判更好工作条件的**授权**。
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delegation
[名词]

the process of assigning authority, responsibility, or tasks from a higher authority to a lower-ranking individual or entity to carry out specific duties or functions on their behalf

授权, 责任转移

授权, 责任转移

Ex: The delegation of public health responsibilities to county health departments facilitates local responses to health crises .将公共卫生责任**下放**给县卫生部门有助于地方应对健康危机。
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homeland
[名词]

the place where someone or a group of people come from and feel a strong connection to

祖国, 家乡

祖国, 家乡

Ex: He fought for the protection of his homeland, valuing its history and traditions .他为保护自己的**祖国**而战,珍视其历史和传统。
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embargo
[名词]

an official order according to which any commercial activity with a particular country is banned

禁运, 贸易禁令

禁运, 贸易禁令

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an extreme allegiance to a particular political party or ideology

超党派主义, 极端党派性

超党派主义, 极端党派性

Ex: Some scholars argue that hyperpartisanship is undermining democratic processes .一些学者认为**极端党派主义**正在破坏民主进程。
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agreement and collaboration between two major political parties that typically oppose each other's policies

两党制, 两党合作

两党制, 两党合作

Ex: The mayor's initiative to improve public education received bipartisan support, uniting local politicians from different parties.市长改善公共教育的倡议得到了**两党**的支持,团结了来自不同政党的当地政治家。
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municipal
[形容词]

involving or belonging to the government of a city, town, etc.

市政的, 市政府的

市政的, 市政府的

Ex: Municipal utilities ensure reliable access to essential services such as water and electricity for residents .**市政**公用事业确保居民可靠地获得水和电等基本服务。
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electoral
[形容词]

related to voting, elections, or the process of choosing representatives through voting mechanisms

选举的, 与选举有关的

选举的, 与选举有关的

Ex: The electoral turnout in the last election was higher than expected , indicating increased civic engagement .上次选举的**选举**投票率高于预期,表明公民参与度增加。
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self-governing
[形容词]

(of a territory, organization, etc.) making decisions regarding one's internal affairs without external interference

自治的, 自我管理的

自治的, 自我管理的

Ex: The Nunavut territory in Canada is a self-governing region that represents the Inuit people 's interests and cultural identity .加拿大的努纳武特地区是一个**自治**区域,代表因纽特人的利益和文化身份。
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transnational
[形容词]

operating or involving activities across multiple countries or nations

跨国的, 跨国界的

跨国的, 跨国界的

Ex: The conference discussed strategies for fostering transnational partnerships in the field of healthcare .会议讨论了在医疗保健领域促进**跨国**伙伴关系的策略。
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geopolitical
[形容词]

related to the influence and interactions of geographical factors on political decisions, relationships, and strategies among nations

地缘政治的, 与地缘政治有关的

地缘政治的, 与地缘政治有关的

Ex: The geopolitical importance of maritime trade routes has sparked competition among naval powers .海上贸易路线的**地缘政治**重要性引发了海军强国之间的竞争。
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federal
[形容词]

relating to the central government of a country rather than the local or regional governments

联邦的, 中央的

联邦的, 中央的

Ex: The federal budget allocates funds for national priorities , including infrastructure and social services .**联邦**预算为国家优先事项分配资金,包括基础设施和社会服务。
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interstate
[形容词]

involving or relating to the interactions or relationships between states within a country or federation

州际的, 州之间的

州际的, 州之间的

Ex: The interstate treaty established rules and agreements governing trade and cooperation among neighboring states.**州际**条约制定了管理邻州之间贸易与合作的规则和协议。
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authoritarian
[形容词]

(of a person or system) enforcing strict obedience to authority at the expense of individual freedom

威权主义的, 专制的

威权主义的, 专制的

Ex: Authoritarian government frequently disregard human rights and civil liberties in the name of stability .**威权主义**政府经常以稳定为名忽视人权和公民自由。
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consular
[形容词]

associated with matters or activities of a consulate or consul, particularly the representation and protection of a country's citizens and interests in a foreign city or region

领事的, 与领事馆有关的

领事的, 与领事馆有关的

Ex: The consular staff organized cultural events to promote understanding and cooperation between nations .**领事**工作人员组织了文化活动,以促进国家间的理解与合作。
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precolonial
[形容词]

relating to the period in a region's history before it was colonized by foreign powers

前殖民时期的, 殖民前的

前殖民时期的, 殖民前的

Ex: Precolonial Australia was home to numerous Aboriginal groups, each with distinct languages, customs, and territories.**前殖民时期的**澳大利亚是许多土著群体的家园,每个群体都有独特的语言、习俗和领土。
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to pass
[动词]

to make or accept a law by voting or by decree

通过, 批准

通过, 批准

Ex: The United Nations Security Council has passed a resolution asking the two countries to resume peace negotiations .联合国安理会**通过**了一项决议,要求两国恢复和平谈判。
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