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Opinion et Argument - Faire un Argument 2

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais liés à l'argumentation et à la persuasion tels que "pitch", "keystone" et "invoke".

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Words Related to Opinion and Argument
to generalize

to form a broad conclusion or principle by considering specific instances

généraliser

généraliser

Ex: It's easy to generalize based on limited experience. 

Il est facile de généraliser à partir d'une expérience limitée.

given that
given that
[Conjonction]

used to express that one is considering a particular fact before sharing one's opinion or making a judgment

vu que, étant donné que, compte tenu du fait que

vu que, étant donné que, compte tenu du fait que

Ex: The meeting was canceled given that many team members were out sick. 

La réunion a été annulée étant donné que de nombreux membres de l'équipe étaient malades.

hairsplitting

the practice of making excessively fine distinctions about unimportant details

pinaillage, coupage de cheveux en quatre

pinaillage, coupage de cheveux en quatre

Ex: Her hairsplitting delayed an otherwise simple decision. 
hearing
hearing
[nom]

an occasion or opportunity to present one's views and be listened to

audience

audience

Ex: She asked for a hearing to explain her side. 
high ground

the most advantageous position in an argument or discussion that grants one moral or ethical superiority

position morale élevée

position morale élevée

to [hold] water

(of an argument, theory, etc.) to be believable or supported by evidence

tenir la route, être solide

tenir la route, être solide

Ex: The theory held water until new evidence appeared. 

La théorie tenait la route jusqu'à l'apparition de nouvelles preuves.

in effect
in effect
[Adverbe]

used to indicate that a rule or law is being operated

en fait

en fait

in the first place

used to explain the main reason or starting point of a situation

en premier lieu, tout d'abord

en premier lieu, tout d'abord

Ex: Why hire him?  In the first place, he's unqualified, and in the second, he's unreliable. 

Pourquoi l'embaucher ? En premier lieu, il n'est pas qualifié, et en second lieu, il n'est pas fiable.

to invalidate

to prove that something is incorrect or flawed, making it not acceptable or reliable

invalider

invalider

Ex: Her counterargument effectively invalidated his point. 

Sa contre-argumentation a effectivement invalidé son point.

invalidation

the act of making or proving a belief, idea, argument, etc. wrong

invalidation

invalidation

Ex: Invalidation of the law prevented it from being enforced. 

L'invalidation de la loi a empêché son application.

to invoke
to invoke
[verbe]

to mention someone or something of prominence as a support or reason for an argument or action

invoquer

invoquer

Ex: The lawyer invoked precedent to strengthen her argument in court. 
keystone

a central element or factor that provides essential support or cohesion to a system or concept

clef de voûte, fondement

clef de voûte, fondement

Ex: Renewable energy is the keystone of the city's sustainability plan. 

L'énergie renouvelable est la pierre angulaire du plan de durabilité de la ville.

to [labor] the point

to describe or stress something excessively when it is already understood

insister lourdement

insister lourdement

to lay out
to lay out
[verbe]

to explain something clearly and in detail

exposer

exposer

Ex: The business executive laid out the company's five-year plan to the board of directors. 

Le cadre d'entreprise a présenté le plan quinquennal de la société au conseil d'administration.

pitch
pitch
[nom]

a presentation or argument intended to persuade or promote a product, idea, or service

argumentaire de vente

argumentaire de vente

Ex: She prepares a sales pitch for the new product. 
to [play] {one's} ace

‌to use one's best resource and do something clever and unexpected that gives one an advantage over others

avoir une carte dans sa manche, avoir un atout dans sa manche

avoir une carte dans sa manche, avoir un atout dans sa manche

to plead
to plead
[verbe]

to give a particular fact or condition as an excuse or justification

invoquer, prétexter

invoquer, prétexter

Ex: Daniel pleaded illness as his reason for missing the meeting. 
point
point
[nom]

the most important thing that is said or done which highlights the purpose of something

point

point

Ex: During the debate, each candidate tried to articulate their main points clearly. 
to point
to point
[verbe]

to suggest that something is probable or certain

porter à croire que, suggérer

porter à croire que, suggérer

Ex: His constant sneezing points to the possibility of allergies. 
polemic
polemic
[nom]

a speech or piece of writing that strongly criticizes someone or something

polémique

polémique

Ex: The article was a polemic on corporate greed. 

L'article était une polémique sur la cupidité des entreprises.

polemics

the art of arguing for or against someone or something, such as a particular idea or opinion

polémique

polémique

polemical
polemical
[Adjectif]

of or relating to strong arguments meant to criticize or defend a particular opinion, person, idea, etc.

polémique

polémique

to posit
to posit
[verbe]

to propose or assume something as true or factual, serving as the foundation for further reasoning or argumentation

postuler, poser comme principe

postuler, poser comme principe

Ex: The scientist decided to posit the existence of an undiscovered particle to explain the anomalies in the experimental data. 

Le scientifique a décidé de poser l'existence d'une particule non découverte pour expliquer les anomalies dans les données expérimentales.

premise
premise
[nom]

a theory or statement that acts as the foundation of an argument

prémisse, hypothèse, postulat

prémisse, hypothèse, postulat

Ex: Her research paper challenges the premise that climate change is primarily caused by human activity. 
to [press|hammer] {sth} home

to forcefully make a point in an argument or discussion to ensure that there are no misunderstandings

bien faire passer le message, marteler l'idée

bien faire passer le message, marteler l'idée

Ex: She kept pressing the point home until everyone understood the risk. 

Elle a insisté sur ce point jusqu'à ce que tout le monde comprenne le risque.

presupposition

something that one perceives to be true, even though it remains to be proved, especially at the beginning of an argument

présupposition

présupposition

Ex: His argument was based on the presupposition that all voters are well-informed. 

Son argument était basé sur la présupposition que tous les électeurs sont bien informés.

prong
prong
[nom]

each separate part of an argument, plan, etc.

broche

broche

proof
proof
[nom]

the act or process of testing or establishing whether something is true or valid

preuve

preuve

Ex: The theory still requires proof through careful testing. 
to prove
to prove
[verbe]

to show that something is true through the use of evidence or facts

prouver

prouver

Ex: Yesterday, the team successfully proved the effectiveness of the new drug. 
to [put] it to {sb}

to introduce a plan or suggestion to a group of individuals so that they decide whether to accept it or not

être d'avis que ...

être d'avis que ...

Ex: It's an interesting proposal.  I'll put it to the board of directors next week. 
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