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意見と議論 - 議論と説得

ここでは、「pitch」、「keystone」、「invoke」など、議論と説得に関連するいくつかの英語の単語を学びます。

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Words Related to Opinion and Argument
to generalize

to form a broad conclusion or principle by considering specific instances

Ex: He tended to generalize from one example to the whole class .
given that
given that
[接続詞]

used to express that one is considering a particular fact before sharing one's opinion or making a judgment

ということを考慮すると, なので

ということを考慮すると, なので

Ex: Given that he had already apologized , they decided to move on from the incident .**彼がすでに謝罪したことを考慮して**、彼らはその出来事から先に進むことに決めた。
hair-splitting

‌the act of making petty distinctions or arguing about insignificant details and differences

髪の毛を分ける, 些細な違いについての議論

髪の毛を分ける, 些細な違いについての議論

hearing
hearing
[名詞]

an occasion or opportunity to present one's views and be listened to

Ex: They finally granted her a hearing after weeks of waiting .
high ground
high ground
[名詞]

the most advantageous position in an argument or discussion that grants one moral or ethical superiority

有利な立場, 高い地面

有利な立場, 高い地面

to [hold] water

(of an argument, theory, etc.) to be believable or supported by evidence

Ex: The detective's theory didn't hold water when all the facts were considered.
in effect
in effect
[副詞]

used to indicate that a rule or law is being operated

施行中, 実際に

施行中, 実際に

in the first place

used to explain the main reason or starting point of a situation

第一に, まず最初に

第一に, まず最初に

Ex: In the first place, this project was poorly planned , so failure was inevitable .**第一に**、このプロジェクトは計画が不十分だったため、失敗は避けられませんでした。
to invalidate

to prove that something is incorrect or flawed, making it not acceptable or reliable

無効にする, 取り消す

無効にする, 取り消す

Ex: She invalidates faulty arguments during debates .彼女は議論中に欠陥のある議論を**無効にします**。
invalidation
invalidation
[名詞]

the act of making or proving a belief, idea, argument, etc. wrong

無効化, 反駁

無効化, 反駁

to invoke
to invoke
[動詞]

to mention someone or something of prominence as a support or reason for an argument or action

引用する, 訴える

引用する, 訴える

Ex: In his defense , he invoked his right to remain silent during questioning .彼は自己弁護で、尋問中に沈黙を守る権利を**行使した**。
keystone
keystone
[名詞]

a central element or factor that provides essential support or cohesion to a system or concept

Ex: Ethics act as the keystone in the company 's corporate culture .
to [labor] the point

to describe or stress something excessively when it is already understood

to lay out
to lay out
[動詞]

to explain something clearly and in detail

説明する, 詳しく説明する

説明する, 詳しく説明する

Ex: The politician laid out their platform to the voters , explaining their positions on the issues .政治家は有権者に問題に対する自分の立場を説明しながら、自分の政策を**詳しく説明した**。
pitch
pitch
[名詞]

a presentation or argument intended to persuade or promote a product, idea, or service

Ex: They give a pitch during the trade show .
to [play] {one's} ace

‌to use one's best resource and do something clever and unexpected that gives one an advantage over others

to plead
to plead
[動詞]

to state something as an excuse

主張する, 申し立てる

主張する, 申し立てる

Ex: The prosecution pleaded conspiracy , alleging that the defendant conspired with others to commit the crime .検察は共謀を**主張し**、被告が他の者と共謀して犯罪を犯したと主張した。
point
point
[名詞]

the most important thing that is said or done which highlights the purpose of something

点, 主なアイデア

点, 主なアイデア

Ex: The meeting concluded with a consensus on the main points of the new policy .
to point
to point
[動詞]

to suggest that something is probable or certain

指し示す, 示唆する

指し示す, 示唆する

Ex: The survey results point to a decline in customer satisfaction.調査結果は顧客満足度の低下を**示しています**。
polemic
polemic
[名詞]

a speech or piece of writing that strongly criticizes someone or something

論争, 議論

論争, 議論

Ex: His speech became a polemic about social inequality .彼のスピーチは社会的不平等に関する**論争**になった。
polemics
polemics
[名詞]

the art of arguing for or against someone or something, such as a particular idea or opinion

論争, 議論の技術

論争, 議論の技術

polemical
polemical
[形容詞]

of or relating to strong arguments meant to criticize or defend a particular opinion, person, idea, etc.

論争的な

論争的な

to posit
to posit
[動詞]

to propose or assume something as true or factual, serving as the foundation for further reasoning or argumentation

仮定する, 提唱する

仮定する, 提唱する

Ex: The computer scientist posited a new algorithm to improve computational efficiency in complex problem-solving tasks .コンピュータ科学者は、複雑な問題解決タスクにおける計算効率を改善するために新しいアルゴリズムを**提唱した**。
premise
premise
[名詞]

a theory or statement that acts as the foundation of an argument

前提, 仮定

前提, 仮定

Ex: The legal case was built on the premise that the defendant had breached the contract intentionally .この訴訟は、被告が故意に契約を違反したという**前提**に基づいて構築されました。
to [press|hammer] {sth} home

to forcefully make a point in an argument or discussion to ensure that there are no misunderstandings

Ex: The parent hammered home the importance of honesty, explaining that trust was the foundation of any relationship.
presupposition

something that one perceives to be true, even though it remains to be proved, especially at the beginning of an argument

前提, 予想

前提, 予想

Ex: The legal case relied on the presupposition that the defendant had prior knowledge of the crime .この法律事件は、被告が犯罪について事前に知っていたという**前提**に依存していました。
prong
prong
[名詞]

each separate part of an argument, plan, etc.

側面, 部分

側面, 部分

proof
proof
[名詞]

the act or process of testing or verifying the truth of something through evidence or argument

証明, 検証

証明, 検証

Ex: They carried out proof of the device before production .彼らは生産前にデバイスの**証明**を実行しました。
to prove
to prove
[動詞]

to show that something is true through the use of evidence or facts

証明する,  裏付ける

証明する, 裏付ける

Ex: The experiment regularly proves the hypothesis .実験は定期的に仮説を**証明**します。
to [put] it to {sb}

to introduce a plan or suggestion to a group of individuals so that they decide whether to accept it or not

Ex: It's an interesting proposal.I'll put it to the board of directors next week.
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