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意見と議論 - 議論と説得

ここでは、「pitch」、「keystone」、「invoke」など、議論と説得に関連するいくつかの英語の単語を学びます。

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Words Related to Opinion and Argument

to draw a general conclusion based on specific cases that can be irrelevant to other situations

一般化する

一般化する

Ex: Based on a few negative experiences , he wrongly generalized that all the workshops were unproductive .いくつかの否定的な経験に基づいて、彼は誤ってすべてのワークショップが非生産的であると**一般化**しました。
given that
[接続詞]

used to express that one is considering a particular fact before sharing one's opinion or making a judgment

ということを考慮すると, なので

ということを考慮すると, なので

Ex: Given that he had already apologized , they decided to move on from the incident .**彼がすでに謝罪したことを考慮して**、彼らはその出来事から先に進むことに決めた。

‌the act of making petty distinctions or arguing about insignificant details and differences

髪の毛を分ける, 些細な違いについての議論

髪の毛を分ける, 些細な違いについての議論

hearing
[名詞]

an opportunity to express one's opinions or ideas

聴聞, ヒアリング

聴聞, ヒアリング

high ground
[名詞]

the most advantageous position in an argument or discussion that grants one moral or ethical superiority

有利な立場, 高い地面

有利な立場, 高い地面

(of an argument, theory, etc.) to be believable or supported by evidence

Ex: The detective 's theory didhold water when all the facts were considered .
in effect
[副詞]

used to indicate that a rule or law is being operated

施行中, 実際に

施行中, 実際に

used to explain the main reason or starting point of a situation

第一に, まず最初に

第一に, まず最初に

Ex: In the first place, this project was poorly planned , so failure was inevitable .**第一に**、このプロジェクトは計画が不十分だったため、失敗は避けられませんでした。

to prove that something is incorrect or flawed, making it not acceptable or reliable

無効にする, 取り消す

無効にする, 取り消す

Ex: She invalidates faulty arguments during debates .彼女は議論中に欠陥のある議論を**無効にします**。
invalidation
[名詞]

the act of making or proving a belief, idea, argument, etc. wrong

無効化, 反駁

無効化, 反駁

to invoke
[動詞]

to mention someone or something of prominence as a support or reason for an argument or action

引用する, 訴える

引用する, 訴える

Ex: In his defense , he invoked his right to remain silent during questioning .彼は自己弁護で、尋問中に沈黙を守る権利を**行使した**。
keystone
[名詞]

the most significant part of an argument, belief, or plan on which everything else depends

要石, 基盤

要石, 基盤

to describe or stress something excessively when it is already understood

to lay out
[動詞]

to explain something clearly and in detail

説明する, 詳しく説明する

説明する, 詳しく説明する

Ex: The politician laid out their platform to the voters , explaining their positions on the issues .政治家は有権者に問題に対する自分の立場を説明しながら、自分の政策を**詳しく説明した**。
pitch
[名詞]

speeches or arguments used to persuade someone to do something or to accept an idea

説得のための議論, 説得スピーチ

説得のための議論, 説得スピーチ

‌to use one's best resource and do something clever and unexpected that gives one an advantage over others

to plead
[動詞]

to state something as an excuse

主張する, 申し立てる

主張する, 申し立てる

Ex: The prosecution pleaded conspiracy , alleging that the defendant conspired with others to commit the crime .検察は共謀を**主張し**、被告が他の者と共謀して犯罪を犯したと主張した。
point
[名詞]

the most important thing that is said or done which highlights the purpose of something

点, 主なアイデア

点, 主なアイデア

Ex: The meeting concluded with a consensus on the main points of the new policy .会議は新しい政策の主な**点**についての合意で終わった。
to point
[動詞]

to suggest that something is probable or certain

指し示す, 示唆する

指し示す, 示唆する

Ex: The survey results point to a decline in customer satisfaction.調査結果は顧客満足度の低下を**示しています**。
polemic
[名詞]

a strong verbal or written statement of opinion, especially one that refutes or attacks a specific opinion

論争, 議論

論争, 議論

polemics
[名詞]

the art of arguing for or against someone or something, such as a particular idea or opinion

論争, 議論の技術

論争, 議論の技術

polemical
[形容詞]

of or relating to strong arguments meant to criticize or defend a particular opinion, person, idea, etc.

論争的な

論争的な

to posit
[動詞]

to propose or assume something as true or factual, serving as the foundation for further reasoning or argumentation

仮定する, 提唱する

仮定する, 提唱する

Ex: The computer scientist posited a new algorithm to improve computational efficiency in complex problem-solving tasks .コンピュータ科学者は、複雑な問題解決タスクにおける計算効率を改善するために新しいアルゴリズムを**提唱した**。
premise
[名詞]

a theory or statement that acts as the foundation of an argument

前提, 仮定

前提, 仮定

Ex: The legal case was built on the premise that the defendant had breached the contract intentionally .この訴訟は、被告が故意に契約を違反したという**前提**に基づいて構築されました。

to forcefully make a point in an argument or discussion to ensure that there are no misunderstandings

Ex: The parent hammered home the importance of honesty, explaining that trust was the foundation of any relationship.

something that one perceives to be true, even though it remains to be proved, especially at the beginning of an argument

前提, 予想

前提, 予想

Ex: The legal case relied on the presupposition that the defendant had prior knowledge of the crime .この法律事件は、被告が犯罪について事前に知っていたという**前提**に依存していました。
prong
[名詞]

each separate part of an argument, plan, etc.

側面, 部分

側面, 部分

proof
[名詞]

the act or process of testing the truth of something through evidence or argument

証拠, 証明

証拠, 証明

Ex: The detective gathered proof to establish the suspect ’s involvement in the crime .探偵は容疑者の犯罪への関与を立証するために**証拠**を集めた。
to prove
[動詞]

to show that something is true through the use of evidence or facts

証明する,  裏付ける

証明する, 裏付ける

Ex: The experiment regularly proves the hypothesis .実験は定期的に仮説を**証明**します。

to introduce a plan or suggestion to a group of individuals so that they decide whether to accept it or not

Ex: It's an interesting proposal.
意見と議論
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