观点和论点 - 论证与说服

在这里，您将学习一些与论证和说服相关的英语单词，例如“pitch”、“keystone”和“invoke”。

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to generalize [动词]

to form a broad conclusion or principle by considering specific instances

Ex: It 's easy to generalize based on limited experience .

given that [连词]

鉴于

Ex: The meeting was canceled given that many team members were out sick .

会议被取消了，鉴于许多团队成员生病了。

hair-splitting [名词]

吹毛求疵

hearing [名词]

an occasion or opportunity to present one's views and be listened to

Ex: She asked for a hearing to explain her side .

high ground [名词]

有利位置

to [hold] water [短语]

(of an argument, theory, etc.) to be believable or supported by evidence

Ex: Her theory may sound good , but it does n't hold water when you examine the evidence .

in effect [副词]

生效

in the first place [副词]

首先

Ex:

为什么要雇佣他？首先，他没有资格，其次，他不可靠。

to invalidate [动词]

使无效

Ex: Her counterargument effectively invalidated his point .

她的反驳有效地否定了他的观点。

invalidation [名词]

无效化

to invoke [动词]

援引

Ex: The lawyer invoked precedent to strengthen her argument in court .

律师援引先例以加强她在法庭上的论点。

keystone [名词]

a central element or factor that provides essential support or cohesion to a system or concept

Ex: Renewable energy is the keystone of the city 's sustainability plan .

to [labor] the point [短语]

to describe or stress something excessively when it is already understood

to lay out [动词]

阐述

Ex: The business executive laid out the company 's five-year plan to the board of directors .

这位业务主管向董事会阐述了公司的五年计划。

pitch [名词]

a presentation or argument intended to persuade or promote a product, idea, or service

Ex:

to [play] {one's} ace [短语]

‌to use one's best resource and do something clever and unexpected that gives one an advantage over others

to plead [动词]

辩护

Ex: The plaintiff pleaded breach of contract , alleging that the defendant failed to fulfill their contractual obligations .

原告申辩称被告未履行合同义务，涉嫌违约。

point [名词]

点

Ex: During the debate , each candidate tried to articulate their main points clearly .

to point [动词]

指出

Ex:

他不断的打喷嚏指向过敏的可能性。

polemic [名词]

论战

Ex: The article was a polemic on corporate greed .

这篇文章是关于企业贪婪的论战。

polemics [名词]

争论

polemical [形容词]

争论的

to posit [动词]

假设

Ex: In the scientific hypothesis , researchers often posit certain conditions to explore their potential effects on the experiment .

在科学假设中，研究者经常假设某些条件以探索它们对实验的潜在影响。

premise [名词]

前提

Ex: Her research paper challenges the premise that climate change is primarily caused by human activity .

她的研究论文对气候变化主要由人类活动引起的前提提出了挑战。

to [press|hammer] {sth} home [短语]

to forcefully make a point in an argument or discussion to ensure that there are no misunderstandings

Ex:

presupposition [名词]

预设

Ex: His argument was based on the presupposition that all voters are well-informed .

他的论点基于所有选民都知情良好的预设。

prong [名词]

方面

proof [名词]

证明

Ex: The scientist conducted proof of the new method .

科学家进行了新方法的证明。

to prove [动词]

证明

Ex: Yesterday , the team successfully proved the effectiveness of the new drug .

昨天，该团队成功地证明了新药的有效性。

to [put] it to {sb} [短语]

to introduce a plan or suggestion to a group of individuals so that they decide whether to accept it or not

Ex: It's an interesting proposal. I'll put it to the board of directors next week.

观点和论点
表达意见	表达性话语	讨论中的观点	观点与论述
表达观点	意见的形成与表达	意见与信仰	观点与心态
提出论点	论证与说服	论据与推理