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Opinyon at Pangangatwiran - Pangangatwiran at Panghihikayat

Dito matututunan mo ang ilang mga salitang Ingles na may kaugnayan sa argumento at panghihikayat tulad ng "pitch", "keystone", at "invoke".

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Simulan ang pag-aaral
Words Related to Opinion and Argument
to generalize
to generalize
[Pandiwa]

to form a broad conclusion or principle by considering specific instances

mag-generalisa, mag-unibersalisa

mag-generalisa, mag-unibersalisa

Ex: Scientists generalize results from a small study to a larger population. 

Nag-ge-generalize ang mga siyentipiko ng mga resulta mula sa isang maliit na pag-aaral sa isang mas malaking populasyon.

given that
given that
[Pang-ugnay]

used to express that one is considering a particular fact before sharing one's opinion or making a judgment

dahil na, dahil sa

dahil na, dahil sa

Ex: Given that it was raining heavily, we decided to postpone the picnic. 

Dahil sa malakas ang ulan, nagpasya kaming ipagpaliban ang piknik.

hairsplitting
hairsplitting
[Pangngalan]

the practice of making excessively fine distinctions about unimportant details

pagiging masyadong mapanuri, labis na paghahati-hati ng buhok

pagiging masyadong mapanuri, labis na paghahati-hati ng buhok

Ex: The debate descended into pointless hairsplitting. 
hearing
hearing
[Pangngalan]

an occasion or opportunity to present one's views and be listened to

pagdinig, pagpapakinggan

pagdinig, pagpapakinggan

Ex: They finally granted her a hearing after weeks of waiting. 
high ground
high ground
[Pangngalan]

the most advantageous position in an argument or discussion that grants one moral or ethical superiority

kapaki-pakinabang na posisyon, mataas na lupa

kapaki-pakinabang na posisyon, mataas na lupa

to [hold] water
to hold water
[Parirala]

(of an argument, theory, etc.) to be believable or supported by evidence

may katwiran, may basehan

may katwiran, may basehan

Ex: His excuse doesn't hold water; the camera shows he was there. 

Hindi matibay ang palusot niya; ipinapakita ng camera na nandoon siya.

in effect
in effect
[pang-abay]

used to indicate that a rule or law is being operated

nasa bisa, talaga

nasa bisa, talaga

in the first place

used to explain the main reason or starting point of a situation

sa simula pa lang, una sa lahat

sa simula pa lang, una sa lahat

Ex: I don't want to go in the first place, I'm tired, and secondly, I can't afford it. 

Ayaw kong pumunta sa unang lugar, pagod ako, at pangalawa, hindi ko kayang bayaran.

to invalidate
to invalidate
[Pandiwa]

to prove that something is incorrect or flawed, making it not acceptable or reliable

pawalang-bisa, kanselahin

pawalang-bisa, kanselahin

Ex: The new evidence invalidated the previous hypothesis. 

Ang bagong ebidensya ay nagpawalang-bisa sa naunang hipotesis.

invalidation
invalidation
[Pangngalan]

the act of making or proving a belief, idea, argument, etc. wrong

pagpapawalang-bisa, pagsalungat

pagpapawalang-bisa, pagsalungat

Ex: The court ordered the invalidation of the contract. 

Iniutos ng korte ang pagpapawalang-bisa ng kontrata.

to invoke
to invoke
[Pandiwa]

to mention someone or something of prominence as a support or reason for an argument or action

tumukoy, humiling ng tulong

tumukoy, humiling ng tulong

Ex: She invoked the words of Gandhi to inspire her audience during the speech. 

Inimbitahan niya ang mga salita ni Gandhi upang maging inspirasyon sa kanyang mga tagapakinig sa panahon ng pagsasalita.

keystone
keystone
[Pangngalan]

a central element or factor that provides essential support or cohesion to a system or concept

batong panulukan, pangunahing elemento

batong panulukan, pangunahing elemento

Ex: Trust is the keystone of any successful relationship. 

Ang tiwala ay ang batong-panulok ng anumang matagumpay na relasyon.

to [labor] the point

to describe or stress something excessively when it is already understood

to lay out
to lay out
[Pandiwa]

to explain something clearly and in detail

ipaliwanag nang malinaw, ilarawan nang detalyado

ipaliwanag nang malinaw, ilarawan nang detalyado

Ex: The lawyer laid out the case for the jury, explaining the evidence and the arguments in detail. 

Inilahad ng abogado ang kaso sa hurado, na nagpapaliwanag sa ebidensya at mga argumento nang detalyado.

pitch
pitch
[Pangngalan]

a presentation or argument intended to persuade or promote a product, idea, or service

presentasyon, argumento

presentasyon, argumento

Ex: They give a pitch during the trade show. 
to [play] {one's} ace

‌to use one's best resource and do something clever and unexpected that gives one an advantage over others

to plead
to plead
[Pandiwa]

to give a particular fact or condition as an excuse or justification

magdahilan,  magpawalang-sala

magdahilan, magpawalang-sala

Ex: Emma pleaded ignorance when asked why she had ignored the rule. 
point
point
[Pangngalan]

the most important thing that is said or done which highlights the purpose of something

punto, pangunahing ideya

punto, pangunahing ideya

Ex: The meeting concluded with a consensus on the main points of the new policy. 
to point
to point
[Pandiwa]

to suggest that something is probable or certain

tumukoy, magmungkahi

tumukoy, magmungkahi

Ex: The survey results point to a decline in customer satisfaction. 
polemic
polemic
[Pangngalan]

a speech or piece of writing that strongly criticizes someone or something

polemiko, tunggalian

polemiko, tunggalian

Ex: His polemic against modern art sparked heated debate. 

Ang kanyang polemika laban sa modernong sining ay nagpasiklab ng mainit na debate.

polemics
polemics
[Pangngalan]

the art of arguing for or against someone or something, such as a particular idea or opinion

polemika, sining ng pagtatalo

polemika, sining ng pagtatalo

polemical
polemical
[pang-uri]

of or relating to strong arguments meant to criticize or defend a particular opinion, person, idea, etc.

mapagtalunan

mapagtalunan

to posit
to posit
[Pandiwa]

to propose or assume something as true or factual, serving as the foundation for further reasoning or argumentation

ipagpalagay, magmungkahi

ipagpalagay, magmungkahi

Ex: The physicist posited the existence of parallel universes to explain certain phenomena observed in quantum mechanics. 

Ang pisiko ay nagpanukala ng pagkakaroon ng mga parallel universes upang ipaliwanag ang ilang mga phenomena na naobserbahan sa quantum mechanics.

premise
premise
[Pangngalan]

a theory or statement that acts as the foundation of an argument

premis, postulado

premis, postulado

Ex: The legal case was built on the premise that the defendant had breached the contract intentionally. 
to [press|hammer] {sth} home

to forcefully make a point in an argument or discussion to ensure that there are no misunderstandings

idiin nang husto ang punto, gawing malinaw na malinaw

idiin nang husto ang punto, gawing malinaw na malinaw

Ex: The teacher used three examples to hammer the rule home. 

Gumamit ang guro ng tatlong halimbawa para talagang maipaliwanag ang tuntunin.

presupposition
presupposition
[Pangngalan]

something that one perceives to be true, even though it remains to be proved, especially at the beginning of an argument

presupposition, palagay

presupposition, palagay

Ex: The debate began with the presupposition that economic growth leads to job creation. 

Ang debate ay nagsimula sa presupposition na ang paglago ng ekonomiya ay humahantong sa paglikha ng trabaho.

prong
prong
[Pangngalan]

each separate part of an argument, plan, etc.

aspeto, bahagi

aspeto, bahagi

proof
proof
[Pangngalan]

the act or process of testing or establishing whether something is true or valid

pagsubok

pagsubok

Ex: The claim was finally put to the proof in a controlled experiment. 
to prove
to prove
[Pandiwa]

to show that something is true through the use of evidence or facts

patunayan,  ipakita

patunayan, ipakita

Ex: The experiment regularly proves the hypothesis. 
to [put] it to {sb}

to introduce a plan or suggestion to a group of individuals so that they decide whether to accept it or not

Ex: It's an interesting proposal.  I'll put it to the board of directors next week. 
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