الرأي والحجة - الجدال والإقناع

to form a broad conclusion or principle by considering specific instances

used to express that one is considering a particular fact before sharing one's opinion or making a judgment

the practice of making excessively fine distinctions about unimportant details

an occasion or opportunity to present one's views and be listened to

the most advantageous position in an argument or discussion that grants one moral or ethical superiority

(of an argument, theory, etc.) to be believable or supported by evidence

used to indicate that a rule or law is being operated

used to explain the main reason or starting point of a situation

to prove that something is incorrect or flawed, making it not acceptable or reliable

the act of making or proving a belief, idea, argument, etc. wrong

to mention someone or something of prominence as a support or reason for an argument or action

a central element or factor that provides essential support or cohesion to a system or concept

to describe or stress something excessively when it is already understood

to explain something clearly and in detail

a presentation or argument intended to persuade or promote a product, idea, or service

‌to use one's best resource and do something clever and unexpected that gives one an advantage over others

to give a particular fact or condition as an excuse or justification

the most important thing that is said or done which highlights the purpose of something

to suggest that something is probable or certain

a speech or piece of writing that strongly criticizes someone or something

the art of arguing for or against someone or something, such as a particular idea or opinion

of or relating to strong arguments meant to criticize or defend a particular opinion, person, idea, etc.

to propose or assume something as true or factual, serving as the foundation for further reasoning or argumentation

a theory or statement that acts as the foundation of an argument

to forcefully make a point in an argument or discussion to ensure that there are no misunderstandings

something that one perceives to be true, even though it remains to be proved, especially at the beginning of an argument

each separate part of an argument, plan, etc.

the act or process of testing or establishing whether something is true or valid

to show that something is true through the use of evidence or facts

to introduce a plan or suggestion to a group of individuals so that they decide whether to accept it or not