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Santé et Maladie - Maladies Spécifiques

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais liés à des maladies spécifiques telles que "rage", "cancer" et "polio".

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Words Related to Health and Sickness
bilharzia

a parasitic infection transmitted through contaminated freshwater

bilharziose, schistosomiase

bilharziose, schistosomiase

Ex: Bilharzia is diagnosed through the examination of urine or stool samples, and treatment involves medication. 

La bilharziose est diagnostiquée par l'examen d'échantillons d'urine ou de selles, et le traitement implique des médicaments.

chronic fatigue syndrome

a disorder characterized by severe fatigue that is not relieved by rest, along with other symptoms like pain, cognitive problems, and sleep disturbances

syndrome de fatigue chronique, encéphalomyélite myalgique

syndrome de fatigue chronique, encéphalomyélite myalgique

AIDS
AIDS
[nom]

a serious disease caused by a virus that attacks the body's immune system and weakens it, can cause death in severe cases

sida

sida

Ex: Education about AIDS and safe practices is crucial for preventing the spread of HIV. 

L'éducation sur le SIDA et les pratiques sûres est cruciale pour prévenir la propagation du VIH.

encephalitis

the inflammation of the brain, often caused by viral infections, leading to symptoms such as fever, headache, and altered mental function

encéphalite

encéphalite

Ex: The doctor diagnosed Mark with encephalitis after observing neurological symptoms such as seizures. 

Le médecin a diagnostiqué Mark avec une encéphalite après avoir observé des symptômes neurologiques tels que des convulsions.

glaucoma

an eye condition characterized by increased pressure within the eye, which can lead to optic nerve damage and vision loss if not treated

glaucome, glaucoma

glaucome, glaucoma

Ex: Glaucoma often develops gradually, and individuals may not experience symptoms until the condition has worsened. 

Le glaucome se développe souvent progressivement, et les individus peuvent ne pas ressentir de symptômes jusqu'à ce que la condition se soit aggravée.

polio
polio
[nom]

a disabling and life-threatening disease that causes nerve injuries leading to permanent paralysis, happens mostly in children younger than five

polio

polio

Ex: Poliomyelitis was once a major health threat. 

La polio était autrefois une menace majeure pour la santé.

rabies
rabies
[nom]

a viral disease of mammals, particularly dogs that is usually passed to humans through the bite of an infected animal

rage

rage

sleeping sickness

a tropical disease transmitted by tsetse flies, causing fever, headaches, and etc.

maladie du sommeil, trypanosomiase africaine

maladie du sommeil, trypanosomiase africaine

Ex: Early diagnosis through blood tests is crucial for effective treatment of sleeping sickness. 

Un diagnostic précoce grâce à des analyses de sang est crucial pour un traitement efficace de la maladie du sommeil.

thrush
thrush
[nom]

a fungal infection, often causing white patches and discomfort in areas like the mouth, diaper region, or genitals

muguet, candidose

muguet, candidose

Ex: Thrush can occur in the genital area, causing itching and discomfort, especially in women. 

La muguet peut survenir dans la région génitale, provoquant des démangeaisons et une gêne, en particulier chez les femmes.

cancer
cancer
[nom]

a serious disease caused by the uncontrolled growth of cells in a part of the body that may spread to other parts

cancer

cancer

Ex: Lung cancer is often associated with smoking and exposure to carcinogens. 

Le cancer du poumon est souvent associé au tabagisme et à l'exposition aux cancérogènes.

Alzheimer's disease

a progressive neurologic disorder, particularly affecting older people, that slowly destroys brain cells and causes thinking ability and memory to deteriorate over time

maladie d'Alzheimer

maladie d'Alzheimer

pellagra

a disease caused by severe vitamin B3 or niacin deficiency and characterized by skin changes, mental symptoms, and diarrhea

pellagre

pellagre

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

a rare and potentially fatal disease that primarily affects the brain and causes brain damage that aggravates over time

MCJ

MCJ

beriberi

a nutritional deficiency disease caused by a lack of vitamin B1

le béribéri, la carence en thiamine

le béribéri, la carence en thiamine

Ex: The doctor diagnosed Sarah with beriberi after she experienced nerve-related symptoms like tingling and numbness. 

Le médecin a diagnostiqué Sarah avec le béribéri après qu'elle ait ressenti des symptômes liés aux nerfs comme des picotements et des engourdissements.

motor neurone disease

a group of rare neurodegenerative disorders that affect the nerves, neurones, that control voluntary muscle movements

sclérose latérale amyotrophique, maladie de Charcot

sclérose latérale amyotrophique, maladie de Charcot

Parkinson's disease

a progressive neurological disorder that affects movement and can cause tremors, stiffness, and difficulty with coordination

la maladie de Parkinson

la maladie de Parkinson

Ex: Mary noticed that her father had a slower gait, another sign of Parkinson's disease. 

Mary a remarqué que son père avait une démarche plus lente, un autre signe de la maladie de Parkinson.

radiation sickness

illness caused by exposure to high levels of radiation, leading to symptoms like nausea and weakness

maladie des radiations

maladie des radiations

Ex: The astronaut experienced radiation sickness following a long mission in outer space. 

L'astronaute a souffert de maladie des radiations après une longue mission dans l'espace extra-atmosphérique.

rheumatic fever

an inflammatory illness that can occur after a streptococcal throat infection, affecting the heart, joints, and other tissues

fièvre rhumatismale, rhumatisme articulaire aigu

fièvre rhumatismale, rhumatisme articulaire aigu

Ex: The doctor prescribed antibiotics to prevent rheumatic fever after diagnosing a strep throat. 

Le médecin a prescrit des antibiotiques pour prévenir la fièvre rhumatismale après avoir diagnostiqué une angine streptococcique.

silicosis

a lung disease caused by inhaling fine silica dust, often resulting from prolonged exposure to activities like mining or stone cutting

silicose, maladie pulmonaire due à l'inhalation de poussières de silice

silicose, maladie pulmonaire due à l'inhalation de poussières de silice

Ex: Silicosis is a preventable occupational disease commonly found in miners and construction workers. 

La silicose est une maladie professionnelle évitable couramment observée chez les mineurs et les travailleurs du bâtiment.

aneurysm

a bulge or ballooning in the wall of an artery, often caused by a weakened vessel

anévrisme, anévrysme

anévrisme, anévrysme

Ex: A small, unruptured aneurysm may not cause noticeable symptoms. 

Un petit anévrisme non rompu peut ne pas provoquer de symptômes perceptibles.

angina
angina
[nom]

an inflammatory infection of the throat, especially quinsy, marked by throat abscess and discomfort

angine, amygdalite

angine, amygdalite

Ex: Severe throat pain and difficulty swallowing are characteristic symptoms of angina in this context. 

Une douleur intense à la gorge et des difficultés à avaler sont des symptômes caractéristiques de l'angine dans ce contexte.

asthma
asthma
[nom]

a disease that causes shortness of breath and difficulty in breathing

asthme

asthme

Ex: Symptoms of asthma include wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. 

Les symptômes de l'asthme comprennent une respiration sifflante, une toux, une oppression thoracique et un essoufflement.

fibromyalgia

a chronic disorder characterized by widespread pain, tenderness, and other symptoms like fatigue, sleep disturbances, and mood changes

fibromyalgie, syndrome fibromyalgique

fibromyalgie, syndrome fibromyalgique

hepatitis

inflammatory condition of the liver caused by a variety of infectious viruses or over-consumption of alcohol

hépatite

hépatite

cirrhosis

a late-stage scarring of the liver caused by drinking too much alcohol

cirrhose

cirrhose

heart disease

a broad term encompassing various conditions affecting the heart, including coronary artery disease, heart failure, and valvular disorders

maladie cardiaque

maladie cardiaque

Ex: Lifestyle changes such as a healthy diet and regular exercise can help prevent heart disease. 

Les changements de mode de vie tels qu'une alimentation saine et une exercice régulier peuvent aider à prévenir les maladies cardiaques.

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