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GRE のための上級語彙 - 市民社会と宗教

ここでは、GRE試験に必要な「ベース」「素朴」「失言」など、社会や宗教に関する英単語を学びます。

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Advanced Words Needed for the GRE
affluent
[形容詞]

possessing a great amount of riches and material goods

裕福な, 豊かな

裕福な, 豊かな

Ex: affluent couple donated generously to local charities and cultural institutions .
ascetic
[形容詞]

following a strict lifestyle where one practices self-discipline and denies oneself of any form of pleasure, particularly due to religious reasons

禁欲的な, 修道的な

禁欲的な, 修道的な

Ex: ascetic lifestyle often involved long periods of solitude and contemplation .
base
[形容詞]

completely lacking moral or honorable purpose or character

卑劣な, 下劣な

卑劣な, 下劣な

disinterested
[形容詞]

not being involved in a situation or benefiting from it, thus able to act fairly

利害関係のない, 公平な

利害関係のない, 公平な

dispassionate
[形容詞]

not letting one's emotions influence one's judgment and decisions, thus able to stay rational and fair

冷静な, 客観的な

冷静な, 客観的な

Ex: The report was written in dispassionate tone , providing a balanced view of the situation .
egalitarian
[形容詞]

supporting the notion that all humans are equal and should be given equal rights

平等主義の, 平等な

平等主義の, 平等な

equitable
[形容詞]

ensuring fairness and impartiality, so everyone gets what they rightfully deserve

公正な (こうせいな), 公平な (こうへいな)

公正な (こうせいな), 公平な (こうへいな)

expansive
[形容詞]

having a generous and friendly personality with a willingness to engage in conversations

社交的な, 明るくてフレンドリーな

社交的な, 明るくてフレンドリーな

impartial
[形容詞]

not favoring a particular party in a way that enables one to act or decide fairly

公平な(こうへいな), 中立的な(ちゅうりつてきな)

公平な(こうへいな), 中立的な(ちゅうりつてきな)

Ex: The organizationimpartial stance on political matters ensured that all opinions were respected .
mundane
[形容詞]

lacking the ability to arouse interest or cause excitement

平凡な (へいぼんな), 退屈な (たいくつな)

平凡な (へいぼんな), 退屈な (たいくつな)

profligate
[形容詞]

acting in a shameless, overindulgent, and immoral manner

放蕩な, 乱費の

放蕩な, 乱費の

rustic
[形容詞]

associated with the lifestyle of the countryside and rural areas

田舎風の, 素朴な

田舎風の, 素朴な

sanctimonious
[形容詞]

attempting to showcase how one believes to be morally or religiously superior

自己 righteousness, 聖者ぶった

自己 righteousness, 聖者ぶった

Ex: sanctimonious nature of his public persona was at odds with his private actions .
spartan
[形容詞]

characterized by strict self-discipline, frugality, or simplicity

スパルタ的な, 質素な

スパルタ的な, 質素な

unforthcoming
[形容詞]

unwilling to reveal information or offer assistance

あまり協力的でない, 情報を提供しない

あまり協力的でない, 情報を提供しない

apostasy
[名詞]

the act of abandoning a religious or political belief that one used to hold

信仰の放棄 (しんこうのほうき), 背教 (はいきょう)

信仰の放棄 (しんこうのほうき), 背教 (はいきょう)

Ex: The debate apostasy often centers on issues of freedom and the right to change one 's beliefs .
arriviste
[名詞]

an individual who is either new to a higher society or trying to get into it, and is looking for their approval

新興階級者, 出世欲の強い人

新興階級者, 出世欲の強い人

Ex: Her sudden wealth made her arriviste, striving to gain acceptance among the old money families .
chauvinism
[名詞]

the extreme belief in the superiority of one's gender, race, country, or group

男尊女卑(だんそんじょひ), ショーヴィニズム

男尊女卑(だんそんじょひ), ショーヴィニズム

gaffe
[名詞]

a thing that was done or said in a social or public situation that is considered to be an embarrassing or tactless mistake

失言 (しつげん), 誤り (あやまり)

失言 (しつげん), 誤り (あやまり)

hierarchy
[名詞]

the grouping of people into different levels or ranks according to their power or importance within a society or system

階層, ヒエラルキー

階層, ヒエラルキー

Ex: The hierarchy was rigid , with ranks ranging from general to private , each with specific duties and responsibilities .
inequity
[名詞]

a situation or something that is lacking in equality or fairness

不平等, 不均等

不平等, 不均等

mendicant
[名詞]

a person who begs other people for food and money

乞食(こじき), 施し物乞い(ほどこしものごい)

乞食(こじき), 施し物乞い(ほどこしものごい)

notoriety
[名詞]

the state of having a widespread negative reputation due to a bad or disapproving behavior or characteristic

悪名(あくめい), 名声(めいせい) - negative context

悪名(あくめい), 名声(めいせい) - negative context

pariah
[名詞]

an individual who is avoided and not liked, accepted, or respected by society or a group of people

パリア(社会から避けられる人), 疎外者(そがいしゃ)

パリア(社会から避けられる人), 疎外者(そがいしゃ)

Ex: The company ’s unethical practices made it pariah in the industry , leading to widespread boycotts .
parvenu
[名詞]

a low-born individual who has gained quick and unexpected power, success, or wealth

成金(なりきん), 新興成金(しんこうなりきん)

成金(なりきん), 新興成金(しんこうなりきん)

powwow
[名詞]

a traditional ceremony of Native Americans in which they gather, dance, and sing

パウワウ, 伝統的な祭り

パウワウ, 伝統的な祭り

Ex: powwow provided an opportunity for younger generations to learn about and connect with their cultural heritage .
rank
[名詞]

(plural) the people who collectively form a particular group or organization

 ranks(ランク),  階級(かいきゅう)

ranks(ランク), 階級(かいきゅう)

reprobate
[名詞]

an individual who lacks morality and principle

堕落者 (だらくしゃ), 道徳的に堕落した人 (どうとくてきにだらくしたひと)

堕落者 (だらくしゃ), 道徳的に堕落した人 (どうとくてきにだらくしたひと)

standing
[名詞]

a person's reputation, status, or position within a system, society, or organization

地位, 評価

地位, 評価

virago
[名詞]

a woman who is loud, ill-tempered, and aggressive

怒りっぽい女性 (いかりっぽいじょせい), 気難しい女性 (きむずかしいじょせい)

怒りっぽい女性 (いかりっぽいじょせい), 気難しい女性 (きむずかしいじょせい)

to coalesce
[動詞]

to come together in order to achieve a common goal

合体する, 融合する

合体する, 融合する

to deface
[動詞]

to ruin or damage something's appearance, particularly by writing or sketching on it

毀損する (きそんする), 汚す (よごす)

毀損する (きそんする), 汚す (よごす)

to desecrate
[動詞]

to insult or damage something that people greatly respect or consider holy, particularly a place

冒涜する(ぼうとくする), 神聖を汚す(しんせいをけがす)

冒涜する(ぼうとくする), 神聖を汚す(しんせいをけがす)

to spread information, ideas, or knowledge to a wide audience

普及する, 広める

普及する, 広める

to attempt to persuade a person into accepting one's beliefs, particularly political or religious ones

改宗させようとする, 勧誘する

改宗させようとする, 勧誘する

GRE のための上級語彙
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