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GRE のための上級語彙 - 市民社会と宗教性

ここでは、GRE試験に必要な「base」、「rustic」、「gaffe」など、社会と宗教に関するいくつかの英単語を学びます。

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Advanced Words Needed for the GRE
affluent
affluent
[形容詞]

possessing a great amount of riches and material goods

裕福な, 豊かな

裕福な, 豊かな

Ex: The affluent neighborhood was characterized by its luxurious homes and upscale amenities. 
ascetic
ascetic
[形容詞]

following a strict lifestyle where one practices self-discipline and denies oneself of any form of pleasure, particularly due to religious reasons

禁欲的な, 質素な

禁欲的な, 質素な

Ex: The monk led an ascetic life, dedicating himself to prayer and renouncing worldly pleasures. 
base
base
[形容詞]

completely lacking moral or honorable purpose or character

卑劣な, 下劣な

卑劣な, 下劣な

Ex: His base actions shocked everyone at the party. 
disinterested
disinterested
[形容詞]

not being involved in a situation or benefiting from it, thus able to act fairly

公平な, 無関心な

公平な, 無関心な

Ex: The disinterested third party was brought in to mediate the dispute and ensure fairness. 
dispassionate
dispassionate
[形容詞]

not letting one's emotions influence one's judgment and decisions, thus able to stay rational and fair

公平な, 冷静な

公平な, 冷静な

Ex: Her dispassionate analysis of the data helped her make objective decisions. 
egalitarian
egalitarian
[形容詞]

supporting the notion that all humans are equal and should be given equal rights

平等主義の

平等主義の

Ex: The community strives to maintain an egalitarian society where all members have equal rights and opportunities. 
equitable
equitable
[形容詞]

ensuring fairness and impartiality, so everyone gets what they rightfully deserve

公平な, 公正な

公平な, 公正な

Ex: Labor unions strive to ensure workers receive equitable pay, benefits and safe working conditions. 
expansive
expansive
[形容詞]

having a generous and friendly personality with a willingness to engage in conversations

歓迎する, 社交的

歓迎する, 社交的

Ex: Her expansive nature made her the perfect host, as she effortlessly struck up conversations with everyone at the party. 
impartial
impartial
[形容詞]

not favoring a particular party in a way that enables one to act or decide fairly

公平な, 中立の

公平な, 中立の

Ex: The mediator remained impartial throughout the negotiations to ensure a fair outcome. 
mundane
mundane
[形容詞]

lacking the ability to arouse interest or cause excitement

平凡な, 退屈な

平凡な, 退屈な

Ex: The mundane task of washing dishes felt tedious and uninteresting. 
profligate
profligate
[形容詞]

acting in a shameless, overindulgent, and immoral manner

放蕩な, 浪費的な

放蕩な, 浪費的な

Ex: The billionaire’s profligate spending on luxury yachts and parties was widely criticized. 
rustic
rustic
[形容詞]

displaying a natural simplicity and warmth that evokes traditional rural life

素朴な, 田舎風の

素朴な, 田舎風の

Ex: The rustic inn had stone walls, wooden beams, and a cozy fireplace. 
sanctimonious
sanctimonious
[形容詞]

attempting to showcase how one believes to be morally or religiously superior

道徳的に優れていると見せかける, 宗教的に優れていると見せかける

道徳的に優れていると見せかける, 宗教的に優れていると見せかける

Ex: Her sanctimonious remarks about others' behavior were seen as insincere and patronizing. 
spartan
spartan
[形容詞]

characterized by strict self-discipline, frugality, or simplicity

スパルタの, 質素な

スパルタの, 質素な

Ex: Despite the lavish offerings at the banquet, he maintained a spartan approach, choosing simple fare and refraining from indulgence. 
unforthcoming
unforthcoming
[形容詞]

unwilling to reveal information or offer assistance

協力的でない, 消極的

協力的でない, 消極的

Ex: The witness was unforthcoming during the investigation, providing vague answers to questions. 
apostasy
apostasy
[名詞]

the act of abandoning a religious or political belief that one used to hold

背教, 信仰放棄

背教, 信仰放棄

Ex: His public declaration of atheism was viewed as an act of apostasy by his deeply religious family. 
arriviste
arriviste
[名詞]

an individual who is either new to a higher society or trying to get into it, and is looking for their approval

成り上がり者

成り上がり者

Ex: The arriviste's attempts to buy favor with expensive gifts were seen as transparent and insincere. 
chauvinism
chauvinism
[名詞]

the extreme belief in the superiority of one's gender, race, country, or group

ショービィニズム

ショービィニズム

Ex: The political leader’s chauvinism fueled divisive rhetoric that heightened nationalistic sentiments. 
gaffe
gaffe
[名詞]

a thing that was done or said in a social or public situation that is considered to be an embarrassing or tactless mistake

失態, 失言

失態, 失言

Ex: The politician’s gaffe during the speech caused widespread embarrassment and criticism. 
hierarchy
hierarchy
[名詞]

the grouping of people into different levels or ranks according to their power or importance within a society or system

階層, ヒエラルキー

階層, ヒエラルキー

Ex: In the company hierarchy, team leaders report to managers, and managers report to directors. 
inequity
inequity
[名詞]

a situation or something that is lacking in equality or fairness

不公平, 不正義

不公平, 不正義

Ex: The inequity in the distribution of resources led to significant disparities between communities. 
mendicant
mendicant
[名詞]

a person who begs other people for food and money

物乞い, 乞食

物乞い, 乞食

Ex: The mendicant approached passersby, asking for spare change and food. 
notoriety
notoriety
[名詞]

the state of having a widespread negative reputation due to a bad or disapproving behavior or characteristic

悪名

悪名

Ex: The thief gained notoriety for his string of daring bank robberies across three states. 
pariah
pariah
[名詞]

an individual who is avoided and not liked, accepted, or respected by society or a group of people

のけ者, 社会から嫌われる人

のけ者, 社会から嫌われる人

Ex: She felt like a pariah at the party because of her controversial opinions on politics. 
parvenu
parvenu
[名詞]

a low-born individual who has gained quick and unexpected power, success, or wealth

成金, 新興富豪

成金, 新興富豪

Ex: The parvenu quickly rose to prominence, flaunting his newfound wealth and social status. 
powwow
powwow
[名詞]

a traditional ceremony of Native Americans in which they gather, dance, and sing

パウワウ, ネイティブアメリカンの伝統的な儀式

パウワウ, ネイティブアメリカンの伝統的な儀式

Ex: Traditional crafts and foods were showcased at the powwow, adding to the festive atmosphere. 
rank
rank
[名詞]

(plural) the people who collectively form a particular group or organization

階級, メンバー

階級, メンバー

Ex: The charity relies on volunteers within its ranks to help carry out its mission. 
reprobate
reprobate
[名詞]

an individual who lacks morality and principle

堕落者, 非道な人

堕落者, 非道な人

Ex: That reprobate lied to everyone and stole their money. 
standing
standing
[名詞]

a person's reputation, status, or position within a system, society, or organization

評判, 地位

評判, 地位

Ex: His standing in the company improved significantly after he successfully led the major project. 
virago
virago
[名詞]

a woman who is loud, ill-tempered, and aggressive

鬼婆, 悍婦

鬼婆, 悍婦

Ex: The school teacher, often seen as a virago, surprised everyone with her warm and supportive demeanor. 
to coalesce
to coalesce
[動詞]

to come together in order to achieve a common goal

合体する, 団結する

合体する, 団結する

Ex: Various community groups coalesced to address the local environmental issues more effectively. 
to deface
to deface
[動詞]

to ruin or damage something's appearance, particularly by writing or sketching on it

外観を損なう, 傷つける

外観を損なう, 傷つける

Ex: Graffiti artists often deface public buildings with their artwork. 
to desecrate
to desecrate
[動詞]

to insult or damage something that people greatly respect or consider holy, particularly a place

冒涜する, 汚す

冒涜する, 汚す

Ex: Vandals desecrated the church by spray-painting graffiti on its walls. 
to disseminate

to spread information, ideas, or knowledge to a wide audience

広める, 普及させる

広める, 普及させる

Ex: Social media has become a powerful tool to disseminate news and information quickly. 
to proselytize

to attempt to persuade a person into accepting one's beliefs, particularly political or religious ones

改宗させる, 布教する

改宗させる, 布教する

Ex: The missionaries proselytize in various communities to spread their religious beliefs. 
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