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IELTS Academicの語彙 (スコア6-7) - 文化と習慣

ここでは、アカデミック IELTS 試験に必要な文化や習慣に関する英単語を学びます。

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (6-7)
mythology
[名詞]

a collection of ancient myths, particularly one that belongs to a group of people and their history, etc.

神話, 神話学

神話, 神話学

Ex: Many cultures around the world have their mythology, which reflects their history , values , and worldview .
cuisine
[名詞]

a method or style of cooking that is specific to a country or region

料理 (りょうり), キュイジーヌ

料理 (りょうり), キュイジーヌ

Ex: She appreciated the rich flavors and spices found in traditional cuisine.
subculture
[名詞]

a group within a larger culture that shares distinctive values, norms, and behaviors, often differing from those of the dominant culture

サブカルチャー, サブカル

サブカルチャー, サブカル

Ex: The punk subculture emerged in the 1970s as a rebellion against mainstream culture, with its distinctive music, fashion, and anti-establishment attitudes still prevalent among its followers today.

the belief that cultural diversity within a society should be respected

多文化主義 (たぶんかしゅぎ), 文化的多様性 (ぶんかてきたようせい)

多文化主義 (たぶんかしゅぎ), 文化的多様性 (ぶんかてきたようせい)

Ex: Multiculturalism is an ongoing process that requires active engagement and dialogue among individuals and communities to build a more inclusive and harmonious society .
assimilation
[名詞]

the social process of absorbing one cultural group into harmony with another

同化, 吸収

同化, 吸収

rite
[名詞]

a formal or traditional act performed for a specific purpose, often in religious or cultural ceremonies

儀式 (ぎしき), 儀礼 (ぎれい)

儀式 (ぎしき), 儀礼 (ぎれい)

Ex: The warriors took part in a victory rite after battle.
architecture
[名詞]

the study or art of building and designing houses

建築, アーキテクチャ

建築, アーキテクチャ

Ex: She was drawn architecture because of its unique blend of creativity , technical skill , and problem-solving in the built environment .
etiquette
[名詞]

a set of conventional rules or formal manners, usually in the form of ethical code

エチケット, マナー

エチケット, マナー

Ex: etiquette at the meeting was impeccable .
festivity
[名詞]

any social gathering that is celebrated in a cheerful way

祭り (まつり), 祝祭 (しゅくさい)

祭り (まつり), 祝祭 (しゅくさい)

Ex: The holiday season is filled with festivities, from family dinners to office parties .

a ceremony to honor the memory of someone or something

記念式典, 追悼式

記念式典, 追悼式

heritage
[名詞]

an individual's religious or ethnic background that is passed down to them from their ancestors

遺産 (いさん), 文化的遺産 (ぶんかてきいさん)

遺産 (いさん), 文化的遺産 (ぶんかてきいさん)

Ex: She learned traditional recipes from her grandmother , preserving her heritage for future generations .
taboo
[名詞]

a topic, term, or action that is forbidden or avoided for religious or cultural reasons

タブー, 禁忌

タブー, 禁忌

Ex: The act of showing affection in public is taboo in some countries .
superstition
[名詞]

an irrational belief arising from ignorance or fear

迷信 (めいしん), 迷信的な信仰 (めいしんてきなしんこう)

迷信 (めいしん), 迷信的な信仰 (めいしんてきなしんこう)

ancestry
[名詞]

the people that a person is descended from

先祖, 系譜

先祖, 系譜

Ex: The festival celebrated the ancestry of the local community , highlighting traditions and customs passed down through generations .
decorum
[名詞]

the quality of being proper or appropriate in behavior or appearance

品位 (ひんい), 礼儀 (れいぎ)

品位 (ひんい), 礼儀 (れいぎ)

Ex: The company requires employees to maintain a decorum.
formality
[名詞]

a manner that strictly observes all forms and ceremonies

形式性, 儀礼性

形式性, 儀礼性

propriety
[名詞]

the way of behaving that is considered to be morally and socially correct and acceptable

品位(ひんい), 適切さ(てきせつさ)

品位(ひんい), 適切さ(てきせつさ)

Ex: The guidelines were established to propriety in business dealings .
urbanity
[名詞]

a refined politeness and sophistication in behavior and manner

洗練(せんれん), 優雅(ゆうが)

洗練(せんれん), 優雅(ゆうが)

Ex: Young diplomats were often advised to emulate urbanity of their experienced counterparts .
stereotype
[名詞]

a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing

ステレオタイプ, 固定観念

ステレオタイプ, 固定観念

Ex: The ad challenged stereotype that certain jobs are only for men .
integration
[名詞]

the action of incorporating a racial or religious group into a community

統合 (とうごう), インテグレーション

統合 (とうごう), インテグレーション

matriarchy
[名詞]

a society where women have primary authority and leadership roles

母権制, 母系社会

母権制, 母系社会

Ex: The household operated under matriarchy with the grandmother in charge .
patriarchy
[名詞]

a social system in which the father or the eldest male is in charge of the family and his possessions or power are passed to a male heir

父権制 (ふけんせい), 家父長制 (かふちょうせい)

父権制 (ふけんせい), 家父長制 (かふちょうせい)

Ex: Patriarchy harms not only women but also men , as it restricts the full expression of human potential and perpetuates harmful notions of masculinity that prioritize dominance and control .
hierarchy
[名詞]

the grouping of people into different levels or ranks according to their power or importance within a society or system

階層, ヒエラルキー

階層, ヒエラルキー

Ex: The hierarchy was rigid , with ranks ranging from general to private , each with specific duties and responsibilities .
folkways
[名詞]

informal social norms or customary behaviors that guide everyday life within a culture

フォークウェイ, 伝統的な慣習

フォークウェイ, 伝統的な慣習

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