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IELTS Academicの語彙 (スコア6-7) - 文化と習慣

ここでは、アカデミックIELTS試験に必要な文化と習慣に関連するいくつかの英単語を学びます。

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (6-7)
mythology
mythology
[名詞]

a collection of ancient myths, particularly one that belongs to a group of people and their history, etc.

神話

神話

Ex: Many cultures around the world have their own mythology, which reflects their history , values , and worldview .世界中の多くの文化には、それらの歴史、価値観、世界観を反映した独自の**神話**があります。
cuisine
cuisine
[名詞]

a method or style of cooking that is specific to a country or region

料理

料理

Ex: She appreciated the rich flavors and spices found in traditional Indian cuisine.彼女は伝統的なインドの**料理**に見られる豊かな風味とスパイスを高く評価しました。
subculture
subculture
[名詞]

a group within a larger culture that shares distinctive values, norms, and behaviors, often differing from those of the dominant culture

サブカルチャー, 下位文化

サブカルチャー, 下位文化

Ex: The punk subculture emerged in the 1970s as a rebellion against mainstream culture , with its distinctive music , fashion , and anti-establishment attitudes still prevalent among its followers today .パンク**サブカルチャー**は1970年代に主流文化に対する反逆として登場し、その特徴的な音楽、ファッション、反体制的な態度は今日でもそのフォロワーたちの間で広まっています。
multiculturalism

the belief that cultural diversity within a society should be respected

多文化主義

多文化主義

Ex: Multiculturalism is an ongoing process that requires active engagement and dialogue among individuals and communities to build a more inclusive and harmonious society .**多文化主義**は、より包括的で調和のとれた社会を構築するために、個人とコミュニティ間の積極的な関与と対話を必要とする進行中のプロセスです。
assimilation
assimilation
[名詞]

the social process of absorbing one cultural group into harmony with another

同化, 文化的統合

同化, 文化的統合

rite
rite
[名詞]

a formal or traditional act performed for a specific purpose, often in religious or cultural ceremonies

儀式, 祭式

儀式, 祭式

Ex: The warriors took part in a victory rite after battle.戦士たちは戦いの後に勝利の**儀式**に参加しました。
architecture
architecture
[名詞]

the study or art of building and designing houses

建築

建築

Ex: She was drawn to architecture because of its unique blend of creativity , technical skill , and problem-solving in the built environment .彼女は、創造性、技術的スキル、そして構築環境における問題解決のユニークな組み合わせのために、**建築**に惹かれました。
etiquette
etiquette
[名詞]

a set of conventional rules or formal manners, usually in the form of ethical code

エチケット

エチケット

Ex: Her etiquette at the meeting was impeccable .彼女の会議での**エチケット**は完璧だった。
festivity
festivity
[名詞]

any social gathering that is celebrated in a cheerful way

祭り, 祝祭

祭り, 祝祭

Ex: The holiday season is filled with various festivities, from family dinners to office parties .休暇シーズンは、家族の夕食からオフィスのパーティーまで、さまざまな**祝祭**で満ちています。
commemoration

a ceremony to honor the memory of someone or something

記念式典

記念式典

heritage
heritage
[名詞]

an individual's religious or ethnic background that is passed down to them from their ancestors

遺産

遺産

Ex: She learned traditional recipes from her grandmother , preserving her culinary heritage for future generations .彼女は祖母から伝統的なレシピを学び、将来の世代のために彼女の料理の**遺産**を保存しました。
taboo
taboo
[名詞]

a topic, term, or action that is forbidden or avoided for religious or cultural reasons

タブー, 禁忌

タブー, 禁忌

Ex: The act of showing affection in public is a taboo in some countries .公共の場で愛情を示す行為は、いくつかの国では**タブー**です。
superstition
superstition
[名詞]

an irrational belief arising from ignorance or fear

迷信, 迷信的な信念

迷信, 迷信的な信念

ancestry
ancestry
[名詞]

the people from whom a person is descended

Ex: The ancestry of the family can be seen in old portraits .
decorum
decorum
[名詞]

behavior that conforms to accepted standards of propriety, etiquette, or social conduct

礼儀, 作法

礼儀, 作法

Ex: The teacher reminded the students to observe decorum during the assembly .教師は生徒たちに集会中の**礼儀作法**を守るよう注意した。
formality
formality
[名詞]

a manner that strictly observes all forms and ceremonies

形式, 儀礼

形式, 儀礼

propriety
propriety
[名詞]

the way of behaving that is considered to be morally and socially correct and acceptable

礼儀正しさ,  適切さ

礼儀正しさ, 適切さ

Ex: The guidelines were established to ensure propriety in business dealings .ビジネス取引における**適切さ**を確保するためにガイドラインが制定されました。
urbanity
urbanity
[名詞]

a refined politeness and sophistication in behavior and manner

都会的な洗練, 洗練された礼儀正しさ

都会的な洗練, 洗練された礼儀正しさ

Ex: Young diplomats were often advised to emulate the urbanity of their experienced counterparts .若い外交官は、経験豊富な同僚の**洗練された礼儀正しさ**を見習うようよく助言された。
stereotype
stereotype
[名詞]

a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing

ステレオタイプ

ステレオタイプ

Ex: The ad challenged the stereotype that certain jobs are only for men .その広告は、特定の仕事が男性だけのものであるという**固定観念**に挑戦した。
integration
integration
[名詞]

the process of incorporating a racial, ethnic, or religious group into a broader community, society, or institution

Ex: Community centers encouraged cultural integration.
matriarchy
matriarchy
[名詞]

a society where women have primary authority and leadership roles

母権制, 母系社会

母権制, 母系社会

Ex: The household operated under a matriarchy with the grandmother in charge .その家庭は祖母を長とする**母権制**の下で運営されていた。
patriarchy
patriarchy
[名詞]

a family or kinship system in which a male serves as the head and lineage is traced through the male line

Ex: Anthropologists studied the evolution of patriarchy across cultures .
hierarchy
hierarchy
[名詞]

the grouping of people into different levels or ranks according to their power or importance within a society or system

階層, ヒエラルキー

階層, ヒエラルキー

Ex: The military hierarchy was rigid , with ranks ranging from general to private , each with specific duties and responsibilities .軍の**階層**は厳格で、将軍から兵卒までの階級があり、それぞれに特定の義務と責任があった。
folkways
folkways
[名詞]

informal social norms or customary behaviors that guide everyday life within a culture

慣習, 風習

慣習, 風習

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