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人文科学 SAT - 文学と文化

ここでは、SAT で合格するために必要な、「抜粋」、「スタンザ」、「メロドラマ」など、文学や文化に関連する英単語を学びます。

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SAT Vocabulary for Humanities
prose

spoken or written language in its usual form, in contrast to poetry

散文

散文

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[名詞]
free verse

a type of verse without rhyme that has an irregular rhythm

自由詩

自由詩

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[名詞]
stanza

a series of lines in a poem, usually with recurring rhyme scheme and meter

詩節

詩節

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[名詞]
sonnet

a verse of Italian origin that has 14 lines, usually in an iambic pentameter and a prescribed rhyme scheme

ソネット

ソネット

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[名詞]
ballad

a tale that is narrated in the form of a song or poem

バラード

バラード

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[名詞]
protagonist

the main character in a movie, novel, TV show, etc.

主人公

主人公

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[名詞]
heroine

the main female character in a story, book, film, etc., typically known for great qualities

ヒロイン

ヒロイン

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[名詞]
allegory

a story, poem, etc. in which the characters and events are used as symbols to convey moral or political lessons

寓話

寓話

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[名詞]
figurative language

the use of words and expressions that are not meant to be taken literally, but rather to create a vivid, imaginative image or effect in the reader's mind

比喩的な言語

比喩的な言語

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[名詞]
antimetabole

a literary and rhetorical device that involves repeating words or phrases in successive clauses or sentences, but in reverse order

アンチメタボリ

アンチメタボリ

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[名詞]
personification

the practice of attributing human characteristics to abstract ideas, objects, etc. in literature or art

擬人化

擬人化

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[名詞]
allusion

a statement that implies or indirectly mentions something or someone else, especially as a literary device

暗示

暗示

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[名詞]
pun

a clever or amusing use of words that takes advantage of the multiple meanings or interpretations that it has

言葉遊び

言葉遊び

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[名詞]
metaphor

a figure of speech that compares two unrelated things to highlight their similarities and convey a deeper meaning

隠喩

隠喩

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[名詞]
simile

a word or phrase that compares two things or people, highlighting the similarities, often introduced by 'like' or 'as'

直喩

直喩

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[名詞]
irony

a form of humor in which the words that someone says mean the opposite, producing an emphatic effect

皮肉

皮肉

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[名詞]
tone

the general manner or attitude of the author in a literary work

トーン

トーン

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[名詞]
canon

a recognized collection of authoritative books, texts, or works within a particular field or tradition, especially in religion

カノン

カノン

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[名詞]
marginalia

marks and notes written in the margins of a book or document

マージナリア

マージナリア

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[名詞]
memoir

a written account of a person's own life experiences or a particular period in their life

回想録

回想録

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[名詞]
autobiography

the story of the life of a person, written by the same person

自伝

自伝

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[名詞]
graphic novel

a book that combines illustrations and storytelling to convey a narrative, often in a sequential art format

グラフィックノベル

グラフィックノベル

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[名詞]
dime novel

a cheap paperback novel often featuring an adventure or melodramatic story

安い小説

安い小説

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[名詞]
backstory

the events that have happened to a character before their story in a book, movie, etc. begins

バックストーリー

バックストーリー

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[名詞]
anthology

a collection of selected writings by various authors, often on a similar theme or subject

アンソロジー

アンソロジー

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[名詞]
ghostwriter

an author whose work is published under someone else's name

ゴーストライター

ゴーストライター

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[名詞]
manuscript

a written document, book, or musical composition created by hand rather than being produced using a typewriter or printing press

原稿

原稿

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[名詞]
scroll

a roll of parchment, paper, or other material containing writing or images, often used for historical or religious texts

巻物

巻物

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[名詞]
burlesque

an absurd or comically exaggerated replication of a literary or dramatic work

バーレスク

バーレスク

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[名詞]
satirical

intending to mock, ridicule, or criticize a person, group, or society in a humorous or exaggerated way

風刺の

風刺の

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[形容詞]
melodramatic

exaggerated or overly emotional in a theatrical or sensational way

メロドラマ的

メロドラマ的

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[形容詞]
to excerpt

to select and extract a passage, segment, or portion from a larger text, usually for reference or quotation

抜粋する

抜粋する

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[動詞]
to fictionalize

to turn real events or situations into a tale or story, often by changing or adding to the details

フィクション化する

フィクション化する

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[動詞]
glyph

a specific graphical representation or shape of a character or symbol within a writing system

グリフ

グリフ

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[名詞]
interjection

(grammar) a phrase or word used suddenly to express a particular emotion

間投詞

間投詞

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[名詞]
syntax

(linguistics) the way in which words and phrases are arranged to form grammatical sentences in a language

構文

構文

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[名詞]
dialect

the spoken form of a language specific to a certain region or people which is slightly different from the standard form in words and grammar

方言

方言

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[名詞]
intonation

(phonetics) the rising and falling of the voice when speaking

イントネーション

イントネーション

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[名詞]
acronym

an abbreviation formed from the initial letters of a group of words, which can be pronounced as a word

頭字語

頭字語

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[名詞]
initialism

a type of abbreviation where the first letter of each word in a phrase or name is used to form a pronounceable acronym-like string of letters

イニシャリズム

イニシャリズム

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[名詞]
etymology

the study of the origins and historical developments of words and their meanings

語源

語源

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[名詞]
linguist

an expert in the study of language, examining its structure, development, and cultural aspects

言語学者

言語学者

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[名詞]
mythology

a collection of ancient myths, particularly one that belongs to a group of people and their history, etc.

神話

神話

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[名詞]
chimera

a mythological creature in Greek mythology, typically depicted as a fire-breathing creature with the body and head of a lion, the head of a goat protruding from its back, and a serpent for a tail

キメラ

キメラ

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[名詞]
basilisk

a legendary reptile, often depicted as having a deadly gaze or venomous breath

バジリスク

バジリスク

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[名詞]
folklore

the traditional beliefs, customs, stories, and legends of a particular community, usually passed down through generations by word of mouth

フォークロア

フォークロア

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[名詞]
custom

a way of behaving or of doing something that is widely accepted in a society or among a specific group of people

習慣

習慣

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[名詞]
lore

collective knowledge, traditions, beliefs, and stories passed down within a culture or community, typically through storytelling

伝承

伝承

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[名詞]
elegy

a song or poem expressing sadness, especially in the memory of a dead person or a bitter event in the past

エレジー

エレジー

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[名詞]
heritage

the customs, traditions, rituals, and behaviors that are inherited and preserved within a community or society over time

遺産

遺産

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[名詞]
subculture

a group within a larger culture that shares distinctive values, norms, and behaviors, often differing from those of the dominant culture

サブカルチャー

サブカルチャー

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[名詞]
rebirth

a renewed period of growth, popularity, or significance, particularly in cultural, artistic, or economic contexts

再生

再生

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[名詞]
time-honored

(of traditions, practices, or customs) respected and followed for a long time because of their enduring value or significance

古くから続く

古くから続く

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[形容詞]
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