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Гуманитарные Науки SAT - Литература и культура

Здесь вы выучите некоторые английские слова, связанные с литературой и культурой, такие как «отрывок», «строфа», «мелодраматический» и т. д., которые вам понадобятся для успешной сдачи SAT.

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SAT Vocabulary for Humanities
prose

spoken or written language in its usual form, in contrast to poetry

проза

проза

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free verse

a type of verse without rhyme that has an irregular rhythm

свободный стих

свободный стих

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stanza

a series of lines in a poem, usually with recurring rhyme scheme and meter

строфа

строфа

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sonnet

a verse of Italian origin that has 14 lines, usually in an iambic pentameter and a prescribed rhyme scheme

сонет

сонет

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ballad

a tale that is narrated in the form of a song or poem

баллада

баллада

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protagonist

the main character in a movie, novel, TV show, etc.

главный герой

главный герой

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heroine

the main female character in a story, book, film, etc., typically known for great qualities

героиня

героиня

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allegory

a story, poem, etc. in which the characters and events are used as symbols to convey moral or political lessons

иносказание

иносказание

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figurative language

the use of words and expressions that are not meant to be taken literally, but rather to create a vivid, imaginative image or effect in the reader's mind

образный язык

образный язык

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antimetabole

a literary and rhetorical device that involves repeating words or phrases in successive clauses or sentences, but in reverse order

антиметабола

антиметабола

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personification

the practice of attributing human characteristics to abstract ideas, objects, etc. in literature or art

персонификация

персонификация

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allusion

a statement that implies or indirectly mentions something or someone else, especially as a literary device

аллюзия

аллюзия

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pun

a clever or amusing use of words that takes advantage of the multiple meanings or interpretations that it has

каламбур

каламбур

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metaphor

a figure of speech that compares two unrelated things to highlight their similarities and convey a deeper meaning

метафора

метафора

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simile

a word or phrase that compares two things or people, highlighting the similarities, often introduced by 'like' or 'as'

сравнение

сравнение

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irony

a form of humor in which the words that someone says mean the opposite, producing an emphatic effect

ирония

ирония

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tone

the general manner or attitude of the author in a literary work

тон

тон

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canon

a recognized collection of authoritative books, texts, or works within a particular field or tradition, especially in religion

канон

канон

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marginalia

marks and notes written in the margins of a book or document

маргиналии

маргиналии

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memoir

a written account of a person's own life experiences or a particular period in their life

мемуары

мемуары

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autobiography

the story of the life of a person, written by the same person

автобиография

автобиография

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graphic novel

a book that combines illustrations and storytelling to convey a narrative, often in a sequential art format

графический роман

графический роман

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dime novel

a cheap paperback novel often featuring an adventure or melodramatic story

бульварный роман

бульварный роман

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backstory

the events that have happened to a character before their story in a book, movie, etc. begins

предыстория

предыстория

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anthology

a collection of selected writings by various authors, often on a similar theme or subject

антология

антология

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ghostwriter

an author whose work is published under someone else's name

писатель-призрак

писатель-призрак

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manuscript

a written document, book, or musical composition created by hand rather than being produced using a typewriter or printing press

рукопись

рукопись

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scroll

a roll of parchment, paper, or other material containing writing or images, often used for historical or religious texts

свиток

свиток

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burlesque

an absurd or comically exaggerated replication of a literary or dramatic work

Пародия

Пародия

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satirical

intending to mock, ridicule, or criticize a person, group, or society in a humorous or exaggerated way

сатирический

сатирический

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melodramatic

exaggerated or overly emotional in a theatrical or sensational way

мелодраматичный

мелодраматичный

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to excerpt

to select and extract a passage, segment, or portion from a larger text, usually for reference or quotation

выдергивать

выдергивать

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to fictionalize

to turn real events or situations into a tale or story, often by changing or adding to the details

беллетризировать

беллетризировать

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glyph

a specific graphical representation or shape of a character or symbol within a writing system

глиф

глиф

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interjection

(grammar) a phrase or word used suddenly to express a particular emotion

междометие

междометие

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syntax

(linguistics) the way in which words and phrases are arranged to form grammatical sentences in a language

синтаксис

синтаксис

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dialect

the spoken form of a language specific to a certain region or people which is slightly different from the standard form in words and grammar

диалект

диалект

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intonation

(phonetics) the rising and falling of the voice when speaking

интонация

интонация

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acronym

an abbreviation formed from the initial letters of a group of words, which can be pronounced as a word

инициальное сокращение

инициальное сокращение

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initialism

a type of abbreviation where the first letter of each word in a phrase or name is used to form a pronounceable acronym-like string of letters

инициализм

инициализм

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etymology

the study of the origins and historical developments of words and their meanings

этимология

этимология

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linguist

an expert in the study of language, examining its structure, development, and cultural aspects

лингвист

лингвист

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mythology

a collection of ancient myths, particularly one that belongs to a group of people and their history, etc.

мифология

мифология

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chimera

a mythological creature in Greek mythology, typically depicted as a fire-breathing creature with the body and head of a lion, the head of a goat protruding from its back, and a serpent for a tail

химера

химера

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basilisk

a legendary reptile, often depicted as having a deadly gaze or venomous breath

басилиск

басилиск

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folklore

the traditional beliefs, customs, stories, and legends of a particular community, usually passed down through generations by word of mouth

фольклор

фольклор

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custom

a way of behaving or of doing something that is widely accepted in a society or among a specific group of people

обычай

обычай

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lore

collective knowledge, traditions, beliefs, and stories passed down within a culture or community, typically through storytelling

нaродное знание

нaродное знание

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elegy

a song or poem expressing sadness, especially in the memory of a dead person or a bitter event in the past

элегия

элегия

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heritage

the customs, traditions, rituals, and behaviors that are inherited and preserved within a community or society over time

наследие

наследие

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subculture

a group within a larger culture that shares distinctive values, norms, and behaviors, often differing from those of the dominant culture

субкультура

субкультура

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rebirth

a renewed period of growth, popularity, or significance, particularly in cultural, artistic, or economic contexts

перерождение

перерождение

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time-honored

(of traditions, practices, or customs) respected and followed for a long time because of their enduring value or significance

долгосрочный

долгосрочный

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