Humanistyka SAT - Literatura i Kultura

spoken or written language in its usual form, in contrast to poetry

proza

a type of verse without rhyme that has an irregular rhythm

wiersz wolny

a series of lines in a poem, usually with recurring rhyme scheme and meter

strofa, wers

a verse of Italian origin that has 14 lines, usually in an iambic pentameter and a prescribed rhyme scheme

sonet

a tale that is narrated in the form of a song or poem

ballada, pieśń

the main character in a movie, novel, TV show, etc.

protagonista, główny bohater

the main female character in a story, book, film, etc., typically known for great qualities

bohaterka

a story, poem, etc. in which the characters and events are used as symbols to convey moral or political lessons

allegoria

the use of words and expressions that are not meant to be taken literally, but rather to create a vivid, imaginative image or effect in the reader's mind

język figuratywny, język metaforyczny

a literary and rhetorical device that involves repeating words or phrases in successive clauses or sentences, but in reverse order

antymetabola

the practice of attributing human characteristics to abstract ideas, objects, etc. in literature or art

personifikacja

a statement that implies or indirectly mentions something or someone else, especially as a literary device

aluzja, nawiązanie

a clever or amusing use of words that takes advantage of the multiple meanings or interpretations that it has

gra słów, kalambur

a figure of speech that compares two unrelated things to highlight their similarities and convey a deeper meaning

metafora

a word or phrase that compares two things or people, highlighting the similarities, often introduced by 'like' or 'as'

przenośnia, porównanie

a form of humor in which the words that someone says mean the opposite, producing an emphatic effect

ironia

the general manner or attitude of the author in a literary work

ton, nastrój

a recognized collection of authoritative books, texts, or works within a particular field or tradition, especially in religion

kanon, zbiór

marks and notes written in the margins of a book or document

marginalia, notatki marginalne

a written account of a person's own life experiences or a particular period in their life

memoir, autobiografia

the story of the life of a person, written by the same person

autobiografia

a book that combines illustrations and storytelling to convey a narrative, often in a sequential art format

powieść graficzna, komiks

a cheap paperback novel often featuring an adventure or melodramatic story

tani powieść, książka za grosze

the events that have happened to a character before their story in a book, movie, etc. begins

tło fabularne, historia postaci

a collection of selected writings by various authors, often on a similar theme or subject

antologia

an author whose work is published under someone else's name

ghostwriter, pseudonimowy autor

a written document, book, or musical composition created by hand rather than being produced using a typewriter or printing press

rękopis, dokument napisany ręcznie

a roll of parchment, paper, or other material containing writing or images, often used for historical or religious texts

zwój, manuskrypt

an absurd or comically exaggerated replication of a literary or dramatic work

burleska, parodia

intending to mock, ridicule, or criticize a person, group, or society in a humorous or exaggerated way

satyryczny, kpiarski

exaggerated or overly emotional in a theatrical or sensational way

melodramatyczny

to select and extract a passage, segment, or portion from a larger text, usually for reference or quotation

wyciągać, przekładać

to turn real events or situations into a tale or story, often by changing or adding to the details

fikcjonalizować, creować fikcję z

a specific graphical representation or shape of a character or symbol within a writing system

glif, symbol

(grammar) a phrase or word used suddenly to express a particular emotion

wykrzyknik, międzywyraz

(linguistics) the way in which words and phrases are arranged to form grammatical sentences in a language

składnia, struktura zdań

the spoken form of a language specific to a certain region or people which is slightly different from the standard form in words and grammar

dialekt

(phonetics) the rising and falling of the voice when speaking

intonacja

an abbreviation formed from the initial letters of a group of words, which can be pronounced as a word

akronim

a type of abbreviation where the first letter of each word in a phrase or name is used to form a pronounceable acronym-like string of letters

inicjalizm, akronim

the study of the origins and historical developments of words and their meanings

etymologia

an expert in the study of language, examining its structure, development, and cultural aspects

językoznawca, ekspert językoznawstwa

a collection of ancient myths, particularly one that belongs to a group of people and their history, etc.

mitologia

a mythological creature in Greek mythology, typically depicted as a fire-breathing creature with the body and head of a lion, the head of a goat protruding from its back, and a serpent for a tail

chimera

a legendary reptile, often depicted as having a deadly gaze or venomous breath

bazyliszek

the traditional beliefs, customs, stories, and legends of a particular community, usually passed down through generations by word of mouth

folklor, tradycje ludowe

a way of behaving or of doing something that is widely accepted in a society or among a specific group of people

zwyczaj, tradycja

collective knowledge, traditions, beliefs, and stories passed down within a culture or community, typically through storytelling

tradycja, opowieść

a song or poem expressing sadness, especially in the memory of a dead person or a bitter event in the past

elegia, lament

the customs, traditions, rituals, and behaviors that are inherited and preserved within a community or society over time

dziedzictwo, spuścizna

a group within a larger culture that shares distinctive values, norms, and behaviors, often differing from those of the dominant culture

subkultura, kultura alternatywna

a renewed period of growth, popularity, or significance, particularly in cultural, artistic, or economic contexts

odrodzenie, wznowienie

(of traditions, practices, or customs) respected and followed for a long time because of their enduring value or significance

tradycyjny, uznawany