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Humanitní Vědy SAT - Literatura a Kultura

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s literaturou a kulturou, jako je "výňatek", "sloka", "melodramatický" atd., která budete potřebovat k úspěšnému zvládnutí vašich SATs.

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SAT Vocabulary for Humanities
prose
prose
[Podstatné jméno]

spoken or written language in its usual form, in contrast to poetry

próza

próza

Ex: Her writing style is characterized by clear and concise prose, making her novels accessible to a wide audience. 
free verse
free verse
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of verse without rhyme that has an irregular rhythm

volný verš, volná poezie

volný verš, volná poezie

stanza
stanza
[Podstatné jméno]

a series of lines in a poem, usually with recurring rhyme scheme and meter

sloka, strofa

sloka, strofa

Ex: The poem was structured with four stanzas, each following a different theme. 
sonnet
sonnet
[Podstatné jméno]

a verse of Italian origin that has 14 lines, usually in an iambic pentameter and a prescribed rhyme scheme

sonet, báseň o čtrnácti řádcích

sonet, báseň o čtrnácti řádcích

Ex: He struggled to fit his thoughts into the strict format of a sonnet. 
ballad
ballad
[Podstatné jméno]

a tale that is narrated in the form of a song or poem

balada, vyprávěcí píseň

balada, vyprávěcí píseň

Ex: The troubadours of medieval Europe traveled from town to town, singing ballads of love and chivalry. 
protagonist
protagonist
[Podstatné jméno]

the main character in a movie, novel, TV show, etc.

hlavní postava, protagonista

hlavní postava, protagonista

Ex: The protagonist of the novel is a young orphan who embarks on a journey of self-discovery and adventure. 
heroine
heroine
[Podstatné jméno]

the main female character in a story, book, film, etc., typically known for great qualities

hrdinka, ženská hlavní postava

hrdinka, ženská hlavní postava

Ex: She admired the bravery of the heroine in the novel. 
allegory
allegory
[Podstatné jméno]

a specific story, artwork, or performance that embodies symbolic representation of deeper truths

alegorie, symbolické vyprávění

alegorie, symbolické vyprávění

Ex: The Pilgrim's Progress is a classic allegory depicting the soul's journey toward salvation. 
figurative language
figurative language
[Podstatné jméno]

the use of words and expressions that are not meant to be taken literally, but rather to create a vivid, imaginative image or effect in the reader's mind

obrazný jazyk, figurativní jazyk

obrazný jazyk, figurativní jazyk

antimetabole
antimetabole
[Podstatné jméno]

a literary and rhetorical device that involves repeating words or phrases in successive clauses or sentences, but in reverse order

antimetabole, chiasmus

antimetabole, chiasmus

personification
personification
[Podstatné jméno]

a literary device where human qualities or characteristics are attributed to non-human entities, objects, or ideas

zosobnění, ztělesnění

zosobnění, ztělesnění

Ex: The poem’s personification of the wind made it seem alive and restless. 
allusion
allusion
[Podstatné jméno]

a statement that implies or indirectly mentions something or someone else, especially as a literary device

narážka, odkaz

narážka, odkaz

Ex: Her comment about "meeting her Waterloo" was an allusion to Napoleon's final defeat, implying she faced an insurmountable challenge. 
pun
pun
[Podstatné jméno]

a clever or amusing use of words that takes advantage of the multiple meanings or interpretations that it has

slovní hříčka, vtip

slovní hříčka, vtip

Ex: She made a clever pun during the meeting that had everyone laughing. 
metaphor
metaphor
[Podstatné jméno]

a figure of speech that compares two unrelated things to highlight their similarities and convey a deeper meaning

metafora, řečnická figura

metafora, řečnická figura

Ex: He used the metaphor of a journey to describe the process of personal growth. 
simile
simile
[Podstatné jméno]

a word or phrase that compares two things or people, highlighting the similarities, often introduced by 'like' or 'as'

přirovnání, podobnost

přirovnání, podobnost

Ex: The poet used a simile to compare the clouds to cotton candy, painting a vivid picture of their fluffy, ethereal appearance. 
irony
irony
[Podstatné jméno]

a form of humor in which the words that someone says mean the opposite, producing an emphatic effect

ironie

ironie

Ex: His irony was so sharp that some people didn’t realize he was mocking them. 
tone
tone
[Podstatné jméno]

the quality or character of speech, writing, or behavior that reflects the speaker's or writer's attitude

tón, tonalita

tón, tonalita

Ex: The essay's tone was formal and authoritative. 
canon
canon
[Podstatné jméno]

a recognized collection of authoritative books, texts, or works within a particular field or tradition, especially in religion

kánon

kánon

Ex: Shakespeare's plays are considered part of the literary canon in English literature. 
marginalia
marginalia
[Podstatné jméno]

marks and notes written in the margins of a book or document

marginalia, poznámky na okrajích

marginalia, poznámky na okrajích

memoir
memoir
[Podstatné jméno]

a written account of a person's own life experiences or a particular period in their life

paměti, autobiografie

paměti, autobiografie

autobiography
autobiography
[Podstatné jméno]

the story of the life of a person, written by the same person

autobiografie, paměti

autobiografie, paměti

Ex: He wrote an autobiography to share his life story with the world. 
graphic novel
graphic novel
[Podstatné jméno]

a book that combines illustrations and storytelling to convey a narrative, often in a sequential art format

grafický román, komiks

grafický román, komiks

Ex: She is reading a graphic novel that explores dystopian themes. 
dime novel
dime novel
[Podstatné jméno]

a cheap paperback novel often featuring an adventure or melodramatic story

levný román, dobrodružný nebo melodramatický román

levný román, dobrodružný nebo melodramatický román

backstory
backstory
[Podstatné jméno]

the events that have happened to a character before their story in a book, movie, etc. begins

minulost, pozadí

minulost, pozadí

Ex: The author revealed the protagonist's tragic backstory through a series of flashbacks scattered throughout the novel. 
anthology
anthology
[Podstatné jméno]

a collection of selected writings by various authors, often on a similar theme or subject

antologie, sbírka

antologie, sbírka

Ex: The university library boasts an extensive anthology of classical literature. 
ghostwriter
ghostwriter
[Podstatné jméno]

an author whose work is published under someone else's name

ghostwriter, stínový spisovatel

ghostwriter, stínový spisovatel

Ex: The celebrity hired a ghostwriter to pen their memoirs. 
manuscript
manuscript
[Podstatné jméno]

a written document, book, or musical composition created by hand rather than being produced using a typewriter or printing press

rukopis, ručně psaný dokument

rukopis, ručně psaný dokument

Ex: The historian studied ancient manuscripts to uncover details about daily life in medieval Europe. 
scroll
scroll
[Podstatné jméno]

a roll of parchment, paper, or other material containing writing or images, often used for historical or religious texts

svitek, pergamen

svitek, pergamen

burlesque
burlesque
[Podstatné jméno]

an absurd or comically exaggerated replication of a literary or dramatic work

parodie, burleska

parodie, burleska

satirical
satirical
[Přídavné jméno]

intending to mock, ridicule, or criticize a person, group, or society in a humorous or exaggerated way

satirický, ironický

satirický, ironický

Ex: The novel is a satirical critique of modern society. 
melodramatic
melodramatic
[Přídavné jméno]

exaggerated or overly emotional in a theatrical or sensational way

melodramatický, divadelní

melodramatický, divadelní

Ex: Sarah's reaction to the minor inconvenience was melodramatic, complete with tears and exclamations. 
to excerpt
to excerpt
[sloveso]

to select and extract a passage, segment, or portion from a larger text, usually for reference or quotation

vytáhnout, vybrat

vytáhnout, vybrat

Ex: The author excerpted a compelling passage from her latest novel for promotional purposes. 
to fictionalize

to turn real events or situations into a tale or story, often by changing or adding to the details

zfiktivnit, zromantizovat

zfiktivnit, zromantizovat

Ex: The author fictionalized her childhood experiences in her bestselling novel. 
glyph
glyph
[Podstatné jméno]

a specific graphical representation or shape of a character or symbol within a writing system

glyf, grafický znak

glyf, grafický znak

interjection
interjection
[Podstatné jméno]

(grammar) a phrase or word used suddenly to express a particular emotion

citoslovce, zvolání

citoslovce, zvolání

Ex: The teacher explained the concept of interjection during grammar class. 
syntax
syntax
[Podstatné jméno]

(linguistics) the way in which words and phrases are arranged to form grammatical sentences in a language

syntax, gramatická struktura

syntax, gramatická struktura

Ex: In linguistics, syntax refers to the rules that govern the structure of sentences, determining how words are arranged to convey meaning. 
dialect
dialect
[Podstatné jméno]

the spoken form of a language specific to a certain region or people which is slightly different from the standard form in words and grammar

nářečí, dialekt

nářečí, dialekt

Ex: A dialect is a variety of a language spoken by a particular group of people, characterized by unique vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation. 
intonation
intonation
[Podstatné jméno]

(phonetics) the rising and falling of the voice when speaking

intonace

intonace

Ex: In phonetics, intonation refers to the pattern of rising and falling pitch in speech, which conveys meaning, emotion, and emphasis. 
acronym
acronym
[Podstatné jméno]

a word formed from the initial letters of a phrase, pronounced as a single word

akronym, zkratka

akronym, zkratka

Ex: NASA is an acronym for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 
initialism
initialism
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of abbreviation where the first letter of each word in a phrase or name is used to form a pronounceable acronym-like string of letters

zkratka, akronym

zkratka, akronym

etymology
etymology
[Podstatné jméno]

the study of the origins and historical developments of words and their meanings

etymologie

etymologie

Ex: Linguists trace the etymology of "vocabulary" back to Latin "vocabulum," meaning word. 
linguist
linguist
[Podstatné jméno]

an expert in the study of language, examining its structure, development, and cultural aspects

lingvista

lingvista

Ex: The linguist conducted research on the syntax and grammar of an endangered indigenous language. 
mythology
mythology
[Podstatné jméno]

a collection of ancient myths, particularly one that belongs to a group of people and their history, etc.

mytologie

mytologie

Ex: Greek mythology includes stories of gods, goddesses, and heroes such as Zeus, Athena, and Hercules. 
basilisk
basilisk
[Podstatné jméno]

a legendary reptile, often depicted as having a deadly gaze or venomous breath

bazilišek, legendární plaz

bazilišek, legendární plaz

Ex: The basilisk was feared throughout ancient lore for its deadly gaze. 
folklore
folklore
[Podstatné jméno]

the traditional beliefs, customs, stories, and legends of a particular community, usually passed down through generations by word of mouth

folklór, lidové tradice

folklór, lidové tradice

Ex: Folklore encompasses a wide range of cultural expressions, including myths, legends, fairy tales, folk songs, and folk dances. 
custom
custom
[Podstatné jméno]

a way of behaving or of doing something that is widely accepted in a society or among a specific group of people

zvyk, tradice

zvyk, tradice

Ex: It is a custom in Japan to take off your shoes before entering a house. 
lore
lore
[Podstatné jméno]

collective knowledge, traditions, beliefs, and stories passed down within a culture or community, typically through storytelling

vědění, tradice

vědění, tradice

Ex: The tribe's elders passed down ancient lore about the origins of their people. 
elegy
elegy
[Podstatné jméno]

a song or poem expressing sadness, especially in the memory of a dead person or a bitter event in the past

elegie, žalozpěv

elegie, žalozpěv

Ex: The poet composed an elegy to mourn the passing of a beloved friend, capturing the grief and longing felt by those left behind. 
heritage
heritage
[Podstatné jméno]

the customs, traditions, rituals, and behaviors that are inherited and preserved within a community or society over time

dědictví, kulturní dědictví

dědictví, kulturní dědictví

Ex: The festival celebrates our cultural heritage with traditional dances and music. 
subculture
subculture
[Podstatné jméno]

a group within a larger culture that shares distinctive values, norms, and behaviors, often differing from those of the dominant culture

subkultura, podkultura

subkultura, podkultura

Ex: The goth subculture, characterized by its dark fashion and music preferences, often congregates in alternative clubs and events. 
rebirth
rebirth
[Podstatné jméno]

a renewed period of growth, popularity, or significance, particularly in cultural, artistic, or economic contexts

znovuzrození, obnova

znovuzrození, obnova

Ex: The city underwent a cultural rebirth, revitalizing its arts scene and historical landmarks. 
time-honored
time-honored
[Přídavné jméno]

(of traditions, practices, or customs) respected and followed for a long time because of their enduring value or significance

ctihodný, tradiční

ctihodný, tradiční

Ex: The time-honored ceremony has been celebrated in our family for generations. 
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