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人文科学 SAT - 社会科学

ここでは、SAT で合格するために必要な「マイノリティ」、「家父長制」、「国勢調査」などの社会科学に関連する英単語を学びます。

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SAT Vocabulary for Humanities
segregation
[名詞]

the policy of separating a group of people from the rest based on racial, sexual, or religious grounds and discriminating against them

隔離 (かくり), 分離 (ぶんり)

隔離 (かくり), 分離 (ぶんり)

the practice of treating a person or different categories of people less fairly than others

差別(さべつ), 区別(くべつ)

差別(さべつ), 区別(くべつ)

ethnicity
[名詞]

the state of belonging to a certain ethnic group

民族性(みんぞくせい), エスニシティ

民族性(みんぞくせい), エスニシティ

Ex: The festival showcases music , food , and art from ethnicities around the world .
minority
[名詞]

a small group of people who differ in race, religion, etc. and are often mistreated by the society

少数派, マイノリティ

少数派, マイノリティ

activism
[名詞]

the action of striving to bring about social or political reform, especially as a member of an organization with specific objectives

アクティビズム, 活動主義

アクティビズム, 活動主義

Ex: She has been involved activism since her teenage years , advocating for gender equality and women 's rights .
agency
[名詞]

the capacity or power of an individual or entity to take action, make decisions, and influence or control their environment or circumstances

主体性 (しゅたいせい), エージェンシー

主体性 (しゅたいせい), エージェンシー

Ex: The CEO 's strong leadership provided agency needed to steer the company through challenging times .
clan
[名詞]

a large group of people who are related to each other

一族 (いぞく), 家族 (かぞく)

一族 (いぞく), 家族 (かぞく)

Ex: The wedding was a grand event , attended by members of clan from all over the country .
chiefdom
[名詞]

a form of sociopolitical organization in which a centralized authority governs a community or a collection of communities

首長制 (しゅちょうせい), 酋長制 (しゅうちょうせい)

首長制 (しゅちょうせい), 酋長制 (しゅうちょうせい)

collective
[名詞]

a cooperative or united group of individuals, entities, or elements working together for a common purpose or interest

集合体(しゅうごうたい), 共同体(きょうどうたい)

集合体(しゅうごうたい), 共同体(きょうどうたい)

demographic
[名詞]

the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity

人口統計, デモグラフィック

人口統計, デモグラフィック

urbanization
[名詞]

the process of people moving from rural areas to urban areas, resulting in the growth of cities and the expansion of urban areas

都市化 (としか), アーバニゼーション

都市化 (としか), アーバニゼーション

Ex: The book discusses the history urbanization.
civilization
[名詞]

a society that has developed its own culture and institutions in a particular period of time or place

文明 (ぶんめい), 社会 (しゃかい)

文明 (ぶんめい), 社会 (しゃかい)

bureaucracy
[名詞]

an organizational structure characterized by strict procedures, rules, and regulations designed to manage complex tasks or activities efficiently

官僚制, ビューロクラシー

官僚制, ビューロクラシー

the process through which individuals within a society or group learn and internalize behavior patterns, norms, values, and customs through interactions, education, and social experiences

社会化, ソーシャライゼーション

社会化, ソーシャライゼーション

Ex: socialization through social media platforms influences how people communicate and form relationships in the digital age .
civil right
[名詞]

any of the basic freedoms or rights that protect individuals from unfair treatment and ensure equality under the law, regardless of race, gender, religion, disability, or other characteristics

市民権, 公民権

市民権, 公民権

status quo
[名詞]

the situation or condition that is currently at hand

現状(げんじょう), 現状維持(げんじょういじ)

現状(げんじょう), 現状維持(げんじょういじ)

Ex: The company ’s policy aims to preserve status quo in terms of employee benefits .

the process of developing and expanding industries within a region or country, involving the increased production of goods through the use of advanced machinery, technology, and organized labor

産業化, 工業化

産業化, 工業化

aristocracy
[名詞]

people in the highest class of society who have a lot of power and wealth and usually high ranks and titles

貴族, 貴族制

貴族, 貴族制

Ex: aristocracy opposed many social reforms that threatened their privileges .
royalty
[名詞]

kings and queens and any member of their families

王族(おうぞく), 王室(おうしつ)

王族(おうぞく), 王室(おうしつ)

the basic physical structures and systems that support and enable the functioning of a society or organization, such as roads and bridges

インフラストラクチャー, 基盤施設

インフラストラクチャー, 基盤施設

legitimacy
[名詞]

the state of being valid, justifiable, or morally acceptable

合法性, 正当性

合法性, 正当性

the understanding that others have thoughts, feelings, and perspectives that are different from one's own

心の理論, 他者の心の理解

心の理論, 他者の心の理解

the deliberate and nonviolent refusal to obey certain laws, demands, or commands of a government or authority, typically as a form of protest

市民的不服従, 民間不服従

市民的不服従, 民間不服従

Ex: Participants in the protest engaged in acts civil disobedience by blocking access to government buildings .

the behavior or attitude that does not follow established norms, conventions, or expectations within a society or group

非適合性, 非従うこと

非適合性, 非従うこと

outcast
[名詞]

a person who has been rejected or excluded from a social group or society, often due to their behavior, beliefs, or social status

追放者(ついほうしゃ), 社会的孤立者(しゃかいてきこりつしゃ)

追放者(ついほうしゃ), 社会的孤立者(しゃかいてきこりつしゃ)

refugee
[名詞]

a person who is forced to leave their own country because of war, natural disaster, etc.

難民 (なんみん), 避難民 (ひなんみん)

難民 (なんみん), 避難民 (ひなんみん)

Ex: refugee crisis prompted discussions on humanitarian aid and global responsibility .
commune
[名詞]

a local administrative unit in certain countries, functioning as the smallest division of government

コミューン, 地方自治体

コミューン, 地方自治体

outskirts
[名詞]

the outer areas or parts of a city or town

郊外(こうがい), 周辺(しゅうへん)

郊外(こうがい), 周辺(しゅうへん)

rat race
[名詞]

a draining and stressful lifestyle that consists of constantly competing with others for success, wealth, power, etc. and so leaving no room for rest and pleasure

レースのような競争, 激しい競争社会

レースのような競争, 激しい競争社会

parish
[名詞]

an area with a church of its own that is under the care of a priest

教区(きょうく), パリッシュ

教区(きょうく), パリッシュ

caste
[名詞]

a system that divides the people of a society into different social classes based on their wealth, privilage, or profession

カースト, カースト制度

カースト, カースト制度

echelon
[名詞]

a level or rank in an organization, profession, or society, indicating a person's status or authority within that hierarchy

階層 (かいそう), レベル

階層 (かいそう), レベル

station
[名詞]

a person's social rank or position within a structured hierarchy or society

地位, 身分

地位, 身分

classist
[形容詞]

marked by discrimination against or prejudice toward individuals or groups based on their social class

階級差別的な, クラス主義的な

階級差別的な, クラス主義的な

humble
[形容詞]

having a low social rank or position, often characterized by modesty

謙虚な, 卑しい

謙虚な, 卑しい

socioeconomic
[形容詞]

referring to factors or conditions that involve both social and economic aspects

社会経済的な, 社会的経済的な

社会経済的な, 社会的経済的な

Ex: The nonprofit organization focuses on socioeconomic conditions in underserved communities .
patriarchal
[形容詞]

relating to a social system where men hold primary power and authority over women and families

父権的な, 父権制の

父権的な, 父権制の

Ex: Patriarchal attitudes perpetuate gender stereotypes and inequalities in various aspects of life .
indigenous
[形容詞]

relating to the original inhabitants of a particular region or country, who have distinct cultural, social, and historical ties to that land

先住民族の, 土着の

先住民族の, 土着の

Ex: Indigenous leaders are advocating for greater autonomy and recognition of their ancestral land rights .
humanitarian
[形容詞]

involved in or related to helping people who are in need to improve their living conditions

人道的な, 人道主義的な

人道的な, 人道主義的な

cosmopolitan
[形容詞]

including a wide range of people with different nationalities and cultures

国際的な, コスモポリタンな

国際的な, コスモポリタンな

Ex: cosmopolitan festival celebrated cultural diversity with vibrant performances .
utopian
[形容詞]

referring to a vision of an ideal society, where everything is flawless or nearly perfect

ユートピア的な, 理想的な

ユートピア的な, 理想的な

progressive
[形容詞]

advocating for social, political, or economic reform and improvement

進歩的な, 革新的な

進歩的な, 革新的な

militant
[形容詞]

displaying violent acts for the sake of a social or political aim

武闘派の, 過激派の

武闘派の, 過激派の

suburban
[形容詞]

characteristic of or relating to a residential area outside a city or town

郊外の, 郊外的な

郊外の, 郊外的な

Ex: Suburban schools are known for their high-quality education programs and extracurricular activities .

to treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or of secondary or minor importance

疎外する (そがいする), 周縁化する (しゅうえんかする)

疎外する (そがいする), 周縁化する (しゅうえんかする)

to census
[動詞]

to systematically collect and record demographic data about a population

国勢調査を行う, 人口調査を実施する

国勢調査を行う, 人口調査を実施する

to integrate into a new environment, often by adopting its language, norms, values, and practices

同化する, 吸収する

同化する, 吸収する

Ex: The tourist tried assimilate into the local customs by learning basic greetings and dining etiquette .

to help someone to restore to a healthy and independent state after a period of imprisonment, addiction, illness, etc.

リハビリテーションする, 復帰させる

リハビリテーションする, 復帰させる

人文科学 SAT
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