pattern

Humanités SAT - Sciences sociales

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais liés aux sciences sociales, tels que "minorité", "patriarcal", "recensement", etc., dont vous aurez besoin pour réussir vos SATs.

review-disable

Réviser

flashcard-disable

Flashcards

spelling-disable

Orthographe

quiz-disable

Quiz

Commencer à apprendre
SAT Vocabulary for Humanities

the policy of separating a group of people from the rest based on racial, sexual, or religious grounds and discriminating against them

ségrégation

ségrégation

Ex: The festival showcases music, food, and art from various ethnicities around the world.Le festival met en valeur la musique, la nourriture et l'art de diverses ethnies à travers le monde.

the practice of treating a person or different categories of people less fairly than others

discrimination

discrimination

Ex: She spoke out against discrimination after witnessing unfair treatment of her colleagues .Elle s'est prononcée contre la **discrimination** après avoir été témoin d'un traitement injuste envers ses collègues.

the state of belonging to a certain ethnic group

origine ethnique, appartenance ethnique

origine ethnique, appartenance ethnique

Ex: The festival showcases music , food , and art from various ethnicities around the world .Le festival met en valeur la musique, la nourriture et l'art de diverses **ethnies** du monde entier.

a small group of people who differ in race, religion, etc. and are often mistreated by the society

minorité

minorité

Ex: He is researching the history of minority communities in the area .Il étudie l'histoire des communautés **minoritaires** dans la région.

the action of striving to bring about social or political reform, especially as a member of an organization with specific objectives

activisme

activisme

Ex: She has been involved in activism since her teenage years , advocating for gender equality and women 's rights .Elle est impliquée dans **l'activisme** depuis son adolescence, militant pour l'égalité des genres et les droits des femmes.
agency
[nom]

the capacity or power of an individual or entity to take action, make decisions, and influence or control their environment or circumstances

agence, pouvoir d'agir

agence, pouvoir d'agir

Ex: The CEO 's strong leadership provided the agency needed to steer the company through challenging times .Le leadership fort du PDG a fourni l'**agence** nécessaire pour diriger l'entreprise à travers des moments difficiles.
clan
[nom]

a large group of people who are related to each other

clan

clan

Ex: The wedding was a grand event , attended by members of the clan from all over the country .Le mariage était un événement grandiose, auquel ont assisté des membres du **clan** venus de tout le pays.

a form of sociopolitical organization in which a centralized authority governs a community or a collection of communities

chefferie, système de chefferie

chefferie, système de chefferie

Ex: The chiefdom system can be seen as a precursor to more centralized and bureaucratic forms of government.Le système de **chefferie** peut être considéré comme un précurseur des formes de gouvernement plus centralisées et bureaucratiques.

a cooperative or united group of individuals, entities, or elements working together for a common purpose or interest

collectif

collectif

Ex: The labor union acted as a collective to negotiate fair wages and working conditions on behalf of its members .Le syndicat a agi en tant que **collectif** pour négocier des salaires équitables et des conditions de travail au nom de ses membres.

the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity

segment démographique

segment démographique

Ex: Companies often tailor their products to appeal to a specific demographic.Les entreprises adaptent souvent leurs produits pour plaire à une **démographique** spécifique.

the process of people moving from rural areas to urban areas, resulting in the growth of cities and the expansion of urban areas

urbanisation, périurbanisation

urbanisation, périurbanisation

Ex: The book discusses the history of urbanization.Le livre discute de l'histoire de l'**urbanisation**.

a society that has developed its own culture and institutions in a particular period of time or place

civilisation

civilisation

Ex: The rise of civilization in Mesopotamia marked the beginning of recorded history .L'essor de la **civilisation** en Mésopotamie a marqué le début de l'histoire enregistrée.

an organizational structure characterized by strict procedures, rules, and regulations designed to manage complex tasks or activities efficiently

bureaucratie, appareil administratif

bureaucratie, appareil administratif

Ex: The university bureaucracy requires multiple approvals for any major administrative changes .La **bureaucratie** universitaire exige plusieurs approbations pour tout changement administratif majeur.

the process through which individuals within a society or group learn and internalize behavior patterns, norms, values, and customs through interactions, education, and social experiences

socialisation, intégration sociale

socialisation, intégration sociale

Ex: Online socialization through social media platforms influences how people communicate and form relationships in the digital age .La **socialisation** en ligne via les plateformes de médias sociaux influence la façon dont les gens communiquent et forment des relations à l'ère numérique.

any of the basic freedoms or rights that protect individuals from unfair treatment and ensure equality under the law, regardless of race, gender, religion, disability, or other characteristics

droit civil, liberté fondamentale

droit civil, liberté fondamentale

Ex: The right to vote is an important civil right in many democracies .Le droit de vote est un **droit civil** important dans de nombreuses démocraties.

the situation or condition that is currently at hand

statu quo

statu quo

Ex: The company ’s policy aims to preserve the status quo in terms of employee benefits .La politique de l'entreprise vise à préserver le **statu quo** en termes d'avantages sociaux.

the process of developing and expanding industries within a region or country, involving the increased production of goods through the use of advanced machinery, technology, and organized labor

industrialisation, développement industriel

industrialisation, développement industriel

Ex: Urbanization often accompanies industrialization, as people move to cities in search of employment in factories .L'**industrialisation** accompagne souvent l'urbanisation, alors que les gens déménagent vers les villes à la recherche d'un emploi dans les usines.

people in the highest class of society who have a lot of power and wealth and usually high ranks and titles

aristocratie

aristocratie

Ex: The aristocracy opposed many social reforms that threatened their privileges .**L'aristocratie** s'est opposée à de nombreuses réformes sociales qui menaçaient leurs privilèges.
royalty
[nom]

kings and queens and any member of their families

membre de la famille royale

membre de la famille royale

Ex: The film depicted the life of royalty, highlighting their lavish lifestyle and ceremonial duties .Le film dépeignait la vie de la **royauté**, mettant en lumière leur mode de vie somptueux et leurs devoirs cérémoniels.

a large, important city that serves as a significant economic, political, or cultural center for a region or country

métropole

métropole

the basic physical structures and systems that support and enable the functioning of a society or organization, such as roads and bridges

infrastructure

infrastructure

Ex: The earthquake damaged critical infrastructure, leaving thousands without electricity or clean water .Le séisme a endommagé les **infrastructures** critiques, laissant des milliers de personnes sans électricité ni eau potable.

the state of being valid, justifiable, or morally acceptable

légitimité, validité

légitimité, validité

Ex: International law provides a framework for determining the legitimacy of military interventions .Le droit international fournit un cadre pour déterminer la **légitimité** des interventions militaires.

the understanding that others have thoughts, feelings, and perspectives that are different from one's own

théorie de l'esprit, compréhension de l'esprit

théorie de l'esprit, compréhension de l'esprit

Ex: Effective communication often relies on a well-developed theory of mind to anticipate and respond to others' thoughts and feelings.Une communication efficace repose souvent sur une **théorie de l'esprit** bien développée pour anticiper et répondre aux pensées et aux sentiments des autres.

the deliberate and nonviolent refusal to obey certain laws, demands, or commands of a government or authority, typically as a form of protest

désobéissance civile, résistance passive

désobéissance civile, résistance passive

Ex: Participants in the protest engaged in acts of civil disobedience by blocking access to government buildings .Les participants à la manifestation se sont livrés à des actes de **désobéissance civile** en bloquant l'accès aux bâtiments gouvernementaux.

the behavior or attitude that does not follow established norms, conventions, or expectations within a society or group

non-conformité

non-conformité

Ex: Philosophers often explore themes of nonconformity in their critique of societal norms and values .Les philosophes explorent souvent les thèmes de la **non-conformité** dans leur critique des normes et valeurs sociétales.
outcast
[nom]

a person who has been rejected or excluded from a social group or society, often due to their behavior, beliefs, or social status

paria, exclu

paria, exclu

Ex: The outcast found solace in the company of other marginalized individuals .Le **paria** a trouvé du réconfort dans la compagnie d'autres individus marginalisés.
refugee
[nom]

a person who is forced to leave their own country because of war, natural disaster, etc.

réfugié, réfugiée

réfugié, réfugiée

Ex: The refugee crisis prompted discussions on humanitarian aid and global responsibility .La crise des **réfugiés** a suscité des discussions sur l'aide humanitaire et la responsabilité mondiale.
commune
[nom]

a local administrative unit in certain countries, functioning as the smallest division of government

commune

commune

Ex: Residents of the commune voted in the local elections to choose their representatives on the council .Les habitants de la **commune** ont voté aux élections locales pour choisir leurs représentants au conseil.

the outer areas or parts of a city or town

périphérie

périphérie

Ex: Commuting from the outskirts to the city center can be challenging during rush hour , as traffic congestion often slows down travel times significantly .Se déplacer de la **périphérie** au centre-ville peut être difficile pendant les heures de pointe, car les embouteillages ralentissent souvent considérablement les temps de trajet.

a draining and stressful lifestyle that consists of constantly competing with others for success, wealth, power, etc. and so leaving no room for rest and pleasure

course effrénée, course aux rats

course effrénée, course aux rats

Ex: She has been stuck in the rat race for years , working long hours and sacrificing her personal life for her career .Elle est coincée dans la **course effrénée** depuis des années, travaillant de longues heures et sacrifiant sa vie personnelle pour sa carrière.
parish
[nom]

an area with a church of its own that is under the care of a priest

paroisse

paroisse

Ex: The parish celebrated its centennial anniversary with a special Mass and community picnic .La **paroisse** a célébré son centenaire avec une messe spéciale et un pique-nique communautaire.
caste
[nom]

a system that divides the people of a society into different social classes based on their wealth, privilage, or profession

caste, classe sociale

caste, classe sociale

Ex: Efforts to address caste-based discrimination require legislative measures, educational reforms, and social awareness campaigns to promote equality and inclusivity.Les efforts pour lutter contre la discrimination fondée sur la **caste** nécessitent des mesures législatives, des réformes éducatives et des campagnes de sensibilisation sociale pour promouvoir l'égalité et l'inclusivité.
echelon
[nom]

a level or rank in an organization, profession, or society, indicating a person's status or authority within that hierarchy

échelon, niveau

échelon, niveau

Ex: Many young professionals aspire to climb the echelons of their respective fields to achieve greater recognition and success .De nombreux jeunes professionnels aspirent à gravir les **échelons** de leurs domaines respectifs pour obtenir une plus grande reconnaissance et réussite.
station
[nom]

a person's social rank or position within a structured hierarchy or society

rang, position sociale

rang, position sociale

Ex: In the novel , the protagonist struggles to transcend his lowly station and achieve his dreams .Dans le roman, le protagoniste lutte pour transcender sa **position** modeste et réaliser ses rêves.
classist
[Adjectif]

marked by discrimination against or prejudice toward individuals or groups based on their social class

classiste, discriminatoire en fonction de la classe sociale

classiste, discriminatoire en fonction de la classe sociale

Ex: Activists are working to raise awareness about classist discrimination and promote more inclusive policies.Les militants travaillent à sensibiliser le public à la discrimination **classiste** et à promouvoir des politiques plus inclusives.
humble
[Adjectif]

having a low social rank or position, often characterized by modesty

modeste, humble

modeste, humble

Ex: Growing up in a humble household taught her the value of hard work and perseverance .Grandir dans un foyer **modeste** lui a appris la valeur du travail acharné et de la persévérance.
socioeconomic
[Adjectif]

referring to factors or conditions that involve both social and economic aspects

socioéconomique, socio-économique

socioéconomique, socio-économique

Ex: The nonprofit organization focuses on improving socioeconomic conditions in underserved communities .L'organisation à but non lucratif se concentre sur l'amélioration des conditions **socioéconomiques** dans les communautés mal desservies.
patriarchal
[Adjectif]

relating to a social system where men hold primary power and authority over women and families

patriarcal, patriarcale

patriarcal, patriarcale

Ex: Patriarchal attitudes perpetuate gender stereotypes and inequalities in various aspects of life .Les attitudes **patriarcales** perpétuent les stéréotypes et les inégalités de genre dans divers aspects de la vie.
indigenous
[Adjectif]

relating to the original inhabitants of a particular region or country, who have distinct cultural, social, and historical ties to that land

autochtone,  indigène

autochtone, indigène

Ex: Many indigenous languages are at risk of disappearing, prompting efforts to preserve and revitalize them.De nombreuses langues **autochtones** sont en danger de disparition, ce qui incite à des efforts pour les préserver et les revitaliser.
humanitarian
[Adjectif]

involved in or related to helping people who are in need to improve their living conditions

humanitaire

humanitaire

Ex: Humanitarian initiatives focus on promoting human rights , alleviating poverty , and providing sustainable solutions to global challenges .Les initiatives **humanitaires** se concentrent sur la promotion des droits de l'homme, la réduction de la pauvreté et la fourniture de solutions durables aux défis mondiaux.
cosmopolitan
[Adjectif]

including a wide range of people with different nationalities and cultures

cosmopolite

cosmopolite

Ex: The university’s cosmopolitan student body fostered an environment of global understanding.Le corps étudiant **cosmopolite** de l'université a favorisé un environnement de compréhension mondiale.
utopian
[Adjectif]

referring to a vision of an ideal society, where everything is flawless or nearly perfect

utopique

utopique

Ex: Socialists proposed the creation of self-sufficient utopian communities where people lived and worked cooperatively .Les socialistes ont proposé la création de communautés **utopiques** autosuffisantes où les gens vivaient et travaillaient en coopération.
progressive
[Adjectif]

advocating for social, political, or economic reform and improvement

progressiste, avant-gardiste

progressiste, avant-gardiste

Ex: The progressive movement gained momentum as more people demanded changes to outdated laws and systems .Le mouvement **progressiste** a pris de l'ampleur alors que de plus en plus de personnes exigeaient des changements dans les lois et les systèmes dépassés.
militant
[Adjectif]

displaying violent acts for the sake of a social or political aim

militant

militant

Ex: His militant rhetoric inflamed tensions among the community , leading to confrontations with opposing groups .Sa rhétorique **militante** a enflammé les tensions au sein de la communauté, conduisant à des confrontations avec des groupes opposés.
suburban
[Adjectif]

characteristic of or relating to a residential area outside a city or town

de banlieue, banlieusard

de banlieue, banlieusard

Ex: Suburban schools are known for their high-quality education programs and extracurricular activities .Les écoles **de banlieue** sont connues pour leurs programmes éducatifs de haute qualité et leurs activités extrascolaires.

to treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or of secondary or minor importance

marginaliser

marginaliser

Ex: By marginalizing diverse perspectives , we limit our ability to address complex social issues effectively .En **marginalisant** les perspectives diverses, nous limitons notre capacité à traiter efficacement les problèmes sociaux complexes.
to census
[verbe]

to systematically collect and record demographic data about a population

recenser, faire le recensement

recenser, faire le recensement

Ex: By the time they completed censusing the region , they had gathered comprehensive data on its population dynamics .Au moment où ils ont terminé de **recenser** la région, ils avaient rassemblé des données complètes sur la dynamique de sa population.

to integrate into a new environment, often by adopting its language, norms, values, and practices

s'assimiler, s'intégrer

s'assimiler, s'intégrer

Ex: The tourist tried to assimilate into the local customs by learning basic greetings and dining etiquette .Le touriste a essayé de **s'assimiler** aux coutumes locales en apprenant les salutations de base et l'étiquette à table.

to help someone to restore to a healthy and independent state after a period of imprisonment, addiction, illness, etc.

réinsérer, désintoxiquer, rééduquer

réinsérer, désintoxiquer, rééduquer

Ex: The program successfully rehabilitated many individuals who had struggled with substance abuse .Le programme a **réhabilité** avec succès de nombreuses personnes qui avaient lutté contre la toxicomanie.
Humanités SAT
LanGeek
Télécharger l'application LanGeek