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Humanités SAT - Sciences sociales

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais liés aux sciences sociales, tels que « minorité », « patriarcal », « recensement », etc. dont vous aurez besoin pour réussir vos SAT.

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SAT Vocabulary for Humanities

the policy of separating a group of people from the rest based on racial, sexual, or religious grounds and discriminating against them

ségrégation

ségrégation

Ex: The festival showcases music, food, and art from various ethnicities around the world.

the practice of treating a person or different categories of people less fairly than others

discrimination

discrimination

Ex: She spoke out discrimination after witnessing unfair treatment of her colleagues .

the state of belonging to a certain ethnic group

origine ethnique, appartenance ethnique

origine ethnique, appartenance ethnique

Ex: The festival showcases music , food , and art from ethnicities around the world .

a small group of people who differ in race, religion, etc. and are often mistreated by the society

minorité

minorité

Ex: He is researching the history minority communities in the area .

the action of striving to bring about social or political reform, especially as a member of an organization with specific objectives

activisme

activisme

Ex: She has been involved activism since her teenage years , advocating for gender equality and women 's rights .
agency
[nom]

the capacity or power of an individual or entity to take action, make decisions, and influence or control their environment or circumstances

capacité d'agir, agentivité

capacité d'agir, agentivité

Ex: The CEO 's strong leadership provided agency needed to steer the company through challenging times .
clan
[nom]

a large group of people who are related to each other

clan

clan

Ex: The wedding was a grand event , attended by members of clan from all over the country .

a form of sociopolitical organization in which a centralized authority governs a community or a collection of communities

châtellenie, chefferie

châtellenie, chefferie

Ex: The chiefdom system can be seen as a precursor to more centralized and bureaucratic forms of government.

a cooperative or united group of individuals, entities, or elements working together for a common purpose or interest

collectif, collectivité

collectif, collectivité

Ex: The labor union acted as collective to negotiate fair wages and working conditions on behalf of its members .

the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity

segment démographique

segment démographique

Ex: Companies often tailor their products to appeal to a demographic.

the process of people moving from rural areas to urban areas, resulting in the growth of cities and the expansion of urban areas

urbanisation, urbanisme

urbanisation, urbanisme

Ex: The book discusses the history urbanization.

a society that has developed its own culture and institutions in a particular period of time or place

civilisation

civilisation

Ex: The rise civilization in Mesopotamia marked the beginning of recorded history .

an organizational structure characterized by strict procedures, rules, and regulations designed to manage complex tasks or activities efficiently

bureaucratie, administration bureaucratique

bureaucratie, administration bureaucratique

Ex: The bureaucracy requires multiple approvals for any major administrative changes .

the process through which individuals within a society or group learn and internalize behavior patterns, norms, values, and customs through interactions, education, and social experiences

socialisation, socio-culturalisation

socialisation, socio-culturalisation

Ex: socialization through social media platforms influences how people communicate and form relationships in the digital age .

any of the basic freedoms or rights that protect individuals from unfair treatment and ensure equality under the law, regardless of race, gender, religion, disability, or other characteristics

droit civique, droit civil

droit civique, droit civil

Ex: The right to vote is an civil right in many democracies .

the situation or condition that is currently at hand

statu quo

statu quo

Ex: The company ’s policy aims to preserve status quo in terms of employee benefits .

the process of developing and expanding industries within a region or country, involving the increased production of goods through the use of advanced machinery, technology, and organized labor

industrialisation, industralisation

industrialisation, industralisation

Ex: Urbanization often industrialization, as people move to cities in search of employment in factories .

people in the highest class of society who have a lot of power and wealth and usually high ranks and titles

aristocratie

aristocratie

Ex: aristocracy opposed many social reforms that threatened their privileges .
royalty
[nom]

kings and queens and any member of their families

membre de la famille royale

membre de la famille royale

Ex: The film depicted the life royalty, highlighting their lavish lifestyle and ceremonial duties .

a large, important city that serves as a significant economic, political, or cultural center for a region or country

métropole

métropole

the basic physical structures and systems that support and enable the functioning of a society or organization, such as roads and bridges

infrastructure

infrastructure

Ex: The earthquake damaged infrastructure, leaving thousands without electricity or clean water .

the state of being valid, justifiable, or morally acceptable

légitimité, validité

légitimité, validité

Ex: International law provides a framework for determining legitimacy of military interventions .

the understanding that others have thoughts, feelings, and perspectives that are different from one's own

théorie de l'esprit, théorie de la pensée

théorie de l'esprit, théorie de la pensée

Ex: Effective communication often relies on a well-developed theory of mind to anticipate and respond to others' thoughts and feelings.

the deliberate and nonviolent refusal to obey certain laws, demands, or commands of a government or authority, typically as a form of protest

désobéissance civile, non-violence civique

désobéissance civile, non-violence civique

Ex: Participants in the protest engaged in acts civil disobedience by blocking access to government buildings .

the behavior or attitude that does not follow established norms, conventions, or expectations within a society or group

non-conformisme, non-conformité

non-conformisme, non-conformité

Ex: Philosophers often explore themes nonconformity in their critique of societal norms and values .
outcast
[nom]

a person who has been rejected or excluded from a social group or society, often due to their behavior, beliefs, or social status

paria, exclu

paria, exclu

Ex: outcast found solace in the company of other marginalized individuals .
refugee
[nom]

a person who is forced to leave their own country because of war, natural disaster, etc.

réfugié, réfugiée

réfugié, réfugiée

Ex: refugee crisis prompted discussions on humanitarian aid and global responsibility .
commune
[nom]

a local administrative unit in certain countries, functioning as the smallest division of government

commune, municipalité

commune, municipalité

Ex: Residents of commune voted in the local elections to choose their representatives on the council .

the outer areas or parts of a city or town

périphérie

périphérie

Ex: Commuting from outskirts to the city center can be challenging during rush hour , as traffic congestion often slows down travel times significantly .

a draining and stressful lifestyle that consists of constantly competing with others for success, wealth, power, etc. and so leaving no room for rest and pleasure

course au succès, course effrénée

course au succès, course effrénée

Ex: She has been stuck in rat race for years , working long hours and sacrificing her personal life for her career .
parish
[nom]

an area with a church of its own that is under the care of a priest

paroisse

paroisse

Ex: parish celebrated its centennial anniversary with a special Mass and community picnic .
caste
[nom]

a system that divides the people of a society into different social classes based on their wealth, privilage, or profession

caste, classe sociale

caste, classe sociale

Ex: Efforts to address caste-based discrimination require legislative measures, educational reforms, and social awareness campaigns to promote equality and inclusivity.
echelon
[nom]

a level or rank in an organization, profession, or society, indicating a person's status or authority within that hierarchy

échelon, niveau

échelon, niveau

Ex: Many young professionals aspire to climb echelons of their respective fields to achieve greater recognition and success .
station
[nom]

a person's social rank or position within a structured hierarchy or society

station, rang

station, rang

Ex: In the novel , the protagonist struggles to transcend his station and achieve his dreams .
classist
[Adjectif]

marked by discrimination against or prejudice toward individuals or groups based on their social class

classiste, discriminatoire basé sur la classe sociale

classiste, discriminatoire basé sur la classe sociale

Ex: Activists are working to raise awareness about classist discrimination and promote more inclusive policies.
humble
[Adjectif]

having a low social rank or position, often characterized by modesty

modeste, humble

modeste, humble

Ex: Growing up in humble household taught her the value of hard work and perseverance .
socioeconomic
[Adjectif]

referring to factors or conditions that involve both social and economic aspects

socioéconomique, socio-économique

socioéconomique, socio-économique

Ex: The nonprofit organization focuses on socioeconomic conditions in underserved communities .
patriarchal
[Adjectif]

relating to a social system where men hold primary power and authority over women and families

patriarcal, patriarcale

patriarcal, patriarcale

Ex: Patriarchal attitudes perpetuate gender stereotypes and inequalities in various aspects of life .
indigenous
[Adjectif]

relating to the original inhabitants of a particular region or country, who have distinct cultural, social, and historical ties to that land

indigène, autochtone

indigène, autochtone

Ex: Many indigenous languages are at risk of disappearing, prompting efforts to preserve and revitalize them.
humanitarian
[Adjectif]

involved in or related to helping people who are in need to improve their living conditions

humanitaire

humanitaire

Ex: Humanitarian initiatives focus on promoting human rights , alleviating poverty , and providing sustainable solutions to global challenges .
cosmopolitan
[Adjectif]

including a wide range of people with different nationalities and cultures

cosmopolite

cosmopolite

Ex: The university’s cosmopolitan student body fostered an environment of global understanding.
utopian
[Adjectif]

referring to a vision of an ideal society, where everything is flawless or nearly perfect

utopique

utopique

Ex: Socialists proposed the creation of utopian communities where people lived and worked cooperatively .
progressive
[Adjectif]

advocating for social, political, or economic reform and improvement

progressiste, évolutif

progressiste, évolutif

Ex: progressive movement gained momentum as more people demanded changes to outdated laws and systems .
militant
[Adjectif]

displaying violent acts for the sake of a social or political aim

militant

militant

Ex: militant rhetoric inflamed tensions among the community , leading to confrontations with opposing groups .
suburban
[Adjectif]

characteristic of or relating to a residential area outside a city or town

de banlieue, banlieusard

de banlieue, banlieusard

Ex: Suburban schools are known for their high-quality education programs and extracurricular activities .

to treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or of secondary or minor importance

marginaliser

marginaliser

Ex: marginalizing diverse perspectives , we limit our ability to address complex social issues effectively .
to census
[verbe]

to systematically collect and record demographic data about a population

recenser, faire le recensement

recenser, faire le recensement

Ex: By the time they censusing the region , they had gathered comprehensive data on its population dynamics .

to integrate into a new environment, often by adopting its language, norms, values, and practices

assimiler, s'intégrer

assimiler, s'intégrer

Ex: The tourist tried assimilate into the local customs by learning basic greetings and dining etiquette .

to help someone to restore to a healthy and independent state after a period of imprisonment, addiction, illness, etc.

réinsérer, désintoxiquer, rééduquer

réinsérer, désintoxiquer, rééduquer

Ex: The program rehabilitated many individuals who had struggled with substance abuse .
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