Humanités SAT - Sciences sociales

the policy of separating a group of people from the rest based on racial, sexual, or religious grounds and discriminating against them

ségrégation

the practice of treating a person or different categories of people less fairly than others

discrimination

the state of belonging to a certain ethnic group

origine ethnique, appartenance ethnique

a small group of people who differ in race, religion, etc. and are often mistreated by the society

minorité

the action of striving to bring about social or political reform, especially as a member of an organization with specific objectives

activisme

the capacity or power of an individual or entity to take action, make decisions, and influence or control their environment or circumstances

capacité, pouvoir

a large group of people who are related to each other

clan

a form of sociopolitical organization in which a centralized authority governs a community or a collection of communities

chefferie, gouvernance par un chef

a cooperative or united group of individuals, entities, or elements working together for a common purpose or interest

collectif, collectivité

the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity

segment démographique

the process of people moving from rural areas to urban areas, resulting in the growth of cities and the expansion of urban areas

urbanisation, ursanisation

a society that has developed its own culture and institutions in a particular period of time or place

civilisation

an organizational structure characterized by strict procedures, rules, and regulations designed to manage complex tasks or activities efficiently

bureaucratie

the process through which individuals within a society or group learn and internalize behavior patterns, norms, values, and customs through interactions, education, and social experiences

socialisation, sociabilisation

any of the basic freedoms or rights that protect individuals from unfair treatment and ensure equality under the law, regardless of race, gender, religion, disability, or other characteristics

droit civique, droit civil

the situation or condition that is currently at hand

statu quo

the process of developing and expanding industries within a region or country, involving the increased production of goods through the use of advanced machinery, technology, and organized labor

industrialisation, industrialisation

people in the highest class of society who have a lot of power and wealth and usually high ranks and titles

aristocratie

kings and queens and any member of their families

membre de la famille royale

a large, important city that serves as a significant economic, political, or cultural center for a region or country

métropole

the basic physical structures and systems that support and enable the functioning of a society or organization, such as roads and bridges

infrastructure

the state of being valid, justifiable, or morally acceptable

légitimité, validité

the understanding that others have thoughts, feelings, and perspectives that are different from one's own

théorie de l'esprit, théorie mentale

the deliberate and nonviolent refusal to obey certain laws, demands, or commands of a government or authority, typically as a form of protest

désobéissance civile, résistance pacifique

the behavior or attitude that does not follow established norms, conventions, or expectations within a society or group

non-conformité, déviance sociale

a person who has been rejected or excluded from a social group or society, often due to their behavior, beliefs, or social status

paria, exclu

a person who is forced to leave their own country because of war, natural disaster, etc.

réfugié, réfugiée

a local administrative unit in certain countries, functioning as the smallest division of government

commune

the outer areas or parts of a city or town

périphérie

a draining and stressful lifestyle that consists of constantly competing with others for success, wealth, power, etc. and so leaving no room for rest and pleasure

course de rats, course effrénée

an area with a church of its own that is under the care of a priest

paroisse

a system that divides the people of a society into different social classes based on their wealth, privilage, or profession

caste, classe sociale

a level or rank in an organization, profession, or society, indicating a person's status or authority within that hierarchy

échelon, niveau

a person's social rank or position within a structured hierarchy or society

station sociale, rang social

marked by discrimination against or prejudice toward individuals or groups based on their social class

classiste, disciminatoire envers les classes sociales

having a low social rank or position, often characterized by modesty

humble, modeste

referring to factors or conditions that involve both social and economic aspects

socioéconomique, socio-économique

relating to a social system where men hold primary power and authority over women and families

patriarcal, patriarcaliste

relating to the original inhabitants of a particular region or country, who have distinct cultural, social, and historical ties to that land

indigène, autochtone

involved in or related to helping people who are in need to improve their living conditions

humanitaire

including a wide range of people with different nationalities and cultures

cosmopolite

referring to a vision of an ideal society, where everything is flawless or nearly perfect

utopique

advocating for social, political, or economic reform and improvement

progressiste

displaying violent acts for the sake of a social or political aim

militant

characteristic of or relating to a residential area outside a city or town

de banlieue, banlieusard

to treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or of secondary or minor importance

marginaliser

to systematically collect and record demographic data about a population

recenser, faire le recensement

to integrate into a new environment, often by adopting its language, norms, values, and practices

s'assimiler, intégrer

to help someone to restore to a healthy and independent state after a period of imprisonment, addiction, illness, etc.

réinsérer, désintoxiquer, rééduquer