Humanitní Vědy SAT - Společenské vědy

the policy of separating a group of people from the rest based on racial, sexual, or religious grounds and discriminating against them

segregace, izolace

the practice of treating a person or different categories of people less fairly than others

diskriminace

the state of belonging to a certain ethnic group

etnicita, etnické příslušenství

a small group of people who differ in race, religion, etc. and are often mistreated by the society

menšina, menšinová skupina

the action of striving to bring about social or political reform, especially as a member of an organization with specific objectives

aktivismus, militantství

the capacity or power of an individual or entity to take action, make decisions, and influence or control their environment or circumstances

agentura, schopnost

a large group of people who are related to each other

klan, rod

a form of sociopolitical organization in which a centralized authority governs a community or a collection of communities

náčelnictví, vůdcovství

a cooperative or united group of individuals, entities, or elements working together for a common purpose or interest

kolektiv, sdružení

the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity

demografická, demografické skupiny

the process of people moving from rural areas to urban areas, resulting in the growth of cities and the expansion of urban areas

urbanizace, městská expanze

a society that has developed its own culture and institutions in a particular period of time or place

civilizace, společnost

an organizational structure characterized by strict procedures, rules, and regulations designed to manage complex tasks or activities efficiently

byrokracie

the process through which individuals within a society or group learn and internalize behavior patterns, norms, values, and customs through interactions, education, and social experiences

socializace, sociální učení

any of the basic freedoms or rights that protect individuals from unfair treatment and ensure equality under the law, regardless of race, gender, religion, disability, or other characteristics

občanská práva, civilní práva

the situation or condition that is currently at hand

status quo, současná situace

the process of developing and expanding industries within a region or country, involving the increased production of goods through the use of advanced machinery, technology, and organized labor

industrializace, industrializace

people in the highest class of society who have a lot of power and wealth and usually high ranks and titles

aristokracie

kings and queens and any member of their families

šlechta, členové královské rodiny

a large, important city that serves as a significant economic, political, or cultural center for a region or country

metropole, velké město

the basic physical structures and systems that support and enable the functioning of a society or organization, such as roads and bridges

infrastruktura, infrastruktury

the state of being valid, justifiable, or morally acceptable

legitimita, platnost

the understanding that others have thoughts, feelings, and perspectives that are different from one's own

teorie mysli, teorie o mysli

the deliberate and nonviolent refusal to obey certain laws, demands, or commands of a government or authority, typically as a form of protest

občanská neposlušnost, pokojný odpor

the behavior or attitude that does not follow established norms, conventions, or expectations within a society or group

nekonformita, odmítání normy

a person who has been rejected or excluded from a social group or society, often due to their behavior, beliefs, or social status

vyvrhel, outcast

a person who is forced to leave their own country because of war, natural disaster, etc.

uprchlík, uprchlice

a local administrative unit in certain countries, functioning as the smallest division of government

komuna

the outer areas or parts of a city or town

okolí, předměstí

a draining and stressful lifestyle that consists of constantly competing with others for success, wealth, power, etc. and so leaving no room for rest and pleasure

potkaní závod, náročný životní styl

an area with a church of its own that is under the care of a priest

farnost, obec

a system that divides the people of a society into different social classes based on their wealth, privilage, or profession

kastovní systém, kasta

a level or rank in an organization, profession, or society, indicating a person's status or authority within that hierarchy

úroveň, kategorie

a person's social rank or position within a structured hierarchy or society

společenské postavení, status

marked by discrimination against or prejudice toward individuals or groups based on their social class

třídní, diskriminační na základě tříd

having a low social rank or position, often characterized by modesty

skromný, pokorný

referring to factors or conditions that involve both social and economic aspects

socioekonomický, socio-ekonomický

relating to a social system where men hold primary power and authority over women and families

patriarchální, otcovský

relating to the original inhabitants of a particular region or country, who have distinct cultural, social, and historical ties to that land

domorodý, původní

involved in or related to helping people who are in need to improve their living conditions

humanitární, z humanitární pomoci

including a wide range of people with different nationalities and cultures

kosmopolitní, multikulturní

referring to a vision of an ideal society, where everything is flawless or nearly perfect

utopický

advocating for social, political, or economic reform and improvement

progresivní

displaying violent acts for the sake of a social or political aim

militantní, bojovný

characteristic of or relating to a residential area outside a city or town

předměstský, suburbánní

to treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or of secondary or minor importance

marginalizovat, podceňovat

to systematically collect and record demographic data about a population

sčítat, provádět sčítání

to integrate into a new environment, often by adopting its language, norms, values, and practices

asimilovat, integrovat

to help someone to restore to a healthy and independent state after a period of imprisonment, addiction, illness, etc.

rehabilitovat, integrace