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Humanitní Vědy SAT - Sociální Vědy

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související se společenskými vědami, jako jsou "menšina", "patriarchální", "sčítání lidu" atd., která budete potřebovat k úspěšnému složení SAT.

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SAT Vocabulary for Humanities
segregation
segregation
[Podstatné jméno]

a social system or practice that keeps minority groups separate from the majority, often through separate facilities or services

segregace, apartheid

segregace, apartheid

Ex: Segregation in schools was common in the southern United States. 
discrimination
discrimination
[Podstatné jméno]

the practice of treating a person or different categories of people less fairly than others

diskriminace, segregace

diskriminace, segregace

Ex: The company faced a lawsuit for discrimination against female employees. 
ethnicity
ethnicity
[Podstatné jméno]

the state of belonging to a certain ethnic group

etnicita

etnicita

Ex: The census form asked respondents to indicate their ethnicity. 
minority
minority
[Podstatné jméno]

a small group of people who differ in race, religion, etc. and are often mistreated by the society

menšina

menšina

Ex: The festival celebrated the traditions of local minority populations. 
activism
activism
[Podstatné jméno]

the action of striving to bring about social or political reform, especially as a member of an organization with specific objectives

aktivismus, boj

aktivismus, boj

Ex: Her activism for environmental conservation has inspired many young people to join the cause. 
agency
agency
[Podstatné jméno]

the capacity or power of an individual or entity to take action, make decisions, and influence or control their environment or circumstances

agentura, schopnost jednat

agentura, schopnost jednat

Ex: In literature, characters with agency drive the plot forward through their actions and decisions. 
clan
clan
[Podstatné jméno]

a large group of people who are related to each other

klan, velká rodina

klan, velká rodina

Ex: The entire clan gathered for the annual family reunion, filling the park with laughter and shared memories. 
chiefdom
chiefdom
[Podstatné jméno]

a form of sociopolitical organization in which a centralized authority governs a community or a collection of communities

náčelnictví, systém náčelníků

náčelnictví, systém náčelníků

Ex: In a chiefdom, the chief often inherits their position and wields considerable influence over the tribe's decision-making processes. 
collective
collective
[Podstatné jméno]

a cooperative or united group of individuals, entities, or elements working together for a common purpose or interest

kolektiv

kolektiv

Ex: The collective of artists collaborated to create a mural that reflected the diversity and unity within their community. 
demographic
demographic
[Podstatné jméno]

the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity

demografický, demografické charakteristiky

demografický, demografické charakteristiky

Ex: The new marketing strategy aims to target a younger demographic. 
urbanization
urbanization
[Podstatné jméno]

the process of people moving from rural areas to urban areas, resulting in the growth of cities and the expansion of urban areas

urbanizace, rozvoj měst

urbanizace, rozvoj měst

Ex: Rapid urbanization has changed many small towns. 
civilization
civilization
[Podstatné jméno]

a society that has developed its own culture and institutions in a particular period of time or place

civilizace, společnost

civilizace, společnost

Ex: Ancient Egypt is considered one of the greatest civilizations in history. 
bureaucracy
bureaucracy
[Podstatné jméno]

an organizational structure characterized by strict procedures, rules, and regulations designed to manage complex tasks or activities efficiently

byrokracie, správní aparát

byrokracie, správní aparát

Ex: Bureaucracy in healthcare administration can sometimes hinder patient care due to lengthy approval procedures. 
socialization
socialization
[Podstatné jméno]

the process through which individuals within a society or group learn and internalize behavior patterns, norms, values, and customs through interactions, education, and social experiences

socializace, sociální integrace

socializace, sociální integrace

Ex: Early childhood socialization plays a crucial role in shaping a person's personality and social skills. 
civil right
civil right
[Podstatné jméno]

any of the basic freedoms or rights that protect individuals from unfair treatment and ensure equality under the law, regardless of race, gender, religion, disability, or other characteristics

občanské právo, základní svoboda

občanské právo, základní svoboda

Ex: Protecting civil rights ensures that every citizen has the opportunity to participate fully in society and enjoy equal access to employment, housing, and public services. 
status quo
status quo
[Podstatné jméno]

the situation or condition that is currently at hand

status quo, současný stav

status quo, současný stav

Ex: The committee decided to maintain the status quo rather than implementing new changes. 
industrialization
industrialization
[Podstatné jméno]

the process of developing and expanding industries within a region or country, involving the increased production of goods through the use of advanced machinery, technology, and organized labor

industrializace, průmyslový rozvoj

industrializace, průmyslový rozvoj

Ex: The Industrial Revolution marked a period of profound industrialization, introducing mechanized production methods. 
aristocracy
aristocracy
[Podstatné jméno]

people in the highest class of society who have a lot of power and wealth and usually high ranks and titles

aristokracie, šlechta

aristokracie, šlechta

Ex: The event was attended by members of the aristocracy in elegant attire. 
royalty
royalty
[Podstatné jméno]

kings and queens and any member of their families

královská rodina, panovníci

královská rodina, panovníci

Ex: She admired the intricate crowns and jewelry worn by the royalty in historical portraits. 
metropolis
metropolis
[Podstatné jméno]

a large, important city that serves as a significant economic, political, or cultural center for a region or country

metropole, velké město

metropole, velké město

infrastructure
infrastructure
[Podstatné jméno]

the physical and organizational assets, such as roads, bridges, utilities, and public services, that support economic activity and daily life

infrastruktura, infrastruktury

infrastruktura, infrastruktury

Ex: The government invested billions in rebuilding the nation's aging infrastructure. 
legitimacy
legitimacy
[Podstatné jméno]

the state of being valid, justifiable, or morally acceptable

legitimita, platnost

legitimita, platnost

Ex: Historians debate the legitimacy of the treaty that ended the war. 
theory of mind
theory of mind
[Podstatné jméno]

the understanding that others have thoughts, feelings, and perspectives that are different from one's own

teorie mysli, porozumění mysli

teorie mysli, porozumění mysli

Ex: Researchers use various tasks, such as the "Sally-Anne test," to assess theory of mind in both children and adults. 
civil disobedience
civil disobedience
[Podstatné jméno]

the deliberate and nonviolent refusal to obey certain laws, demands, or commands of a government or authority, typically as a form of protest

občanská neposlušnost, pasivní odpor

občanská neposlušnost, pasivní odpor

Ex: Mahatma Gandhi employed civil disobedience as a strategy to challenge British colonial rule in India. 
nonconformity
nonconformity
[Podstatné jméno]

the behavior or attitude that does not follow established norms, conventions, or expectations within a society or group

nesoulad

nesoulad

Ex: His nonconformity to traditional gender roles made him a pioneer in advocating for gender equality. 
outcast
outcast
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who has been rejected or excluded from a social group or society, often due to their behavior, beliefs, or social status

vyvrhel, vyděděnec

vyvrhel, vyděděnec

Ex: After the scandal, she felt like an outcast among her former friends. 
refugee
refugee
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who is forced to leave their own country because of war, natural disaster, etc.

uprchlík, vysídlený

uprchlík, vysídlený

Ex: The refugee camp provided shelter and basic necessities to displaced families. 
commune
commune
[Podstatné jméno]

a local administrative unit in certain countries, functioning as the smallest division of government

obec

obec

Ex: The mayor of the commune held a town hall meeting to discuss the new public transportation plans. 
outskirts
outskirts
[Podstatné jméno]

the outer areas or parts of a city or town

okraj, předměstí

okraj, předměstí

Ex: Many families choose to live on the outskirts of the city to enjoy a quieter lifestyle while still having access to urban amenities. 
rat race
rat race
[Podstatné jméno]

a draining and stressful lifestyle that consists of constantly competing with others for success, wealth, power, etc. and so leaving no room for rest and pleasure

honba za úspěchem, vyčerpávající kolotoč práce

honba za úspěchem, vyčerpávající kolotoč práce

Ex: He left the rat race and moved to a small town by the sea. 
parish
parish
[Podstatné jméno]

an area with a church of its own that is under the care of a priest

farnost, obec

farnost, obec

Ex: The parish is known for its strong sense of community and active involvement in local charities. 
caste
caste
[Podstatné jméno]

a system that divides the people of a society into different social classes based on their wealth, privilage, or profession

kasta, kastovní systém

kasta, kastovní systém

Ex: The caste system in India historically divided society into hierarchical groups based on birth, occupation, and social status. 
echelon
echelon
[Podstatné jméno]

a level or rank in an organization, profession, or society, indicating a person's status or authority within that hierarchy

úroveň, hodnost

úroveň, hodnost

Ex: She worked hard for years to reach the upper echelons of the corporate world. 
station
station
[Podstatné jméno]

a person's social rank or position within a structured hierarchy or society

hodnost, sociální postavení

hodnost, sociální postavení

Ex: Despite his humble station in life, he was respected for his integrity and hard work. 
classist
classist
[Přídavné jméno]

marked by discrimination against or prejudice toward individuals or groups based on their social class

třídní, diskriminační na základě sociální třídy

třídní, diskriminační na základě sociální třídy

Ex: The company's hiring practices were criticized as classist because they favored candidates from elite universities. 
humble
humble
[Přídavné jméno]

having a low social rank or position, often characterized by modesty

skromný, pokorný

skromný, pokorný

Ex: Despite his humble beginnings, he rose to become a respected leader in the community. 
socioeconomic
socioeconomic
[Přídavné jméno]

referring to factors or conditions that involve both social and economic aspects

socioekonomický, společensko-ekonomický

socioekonomický, společensko-ekonomický

Ex: The study examined the socioeconomic disparities in access to healthcare. 
patriarchal
patriarchal
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to a social system where men hold primary power and authority over women and families

patriarchální, otcovský

patriarchální, otcovský

Ex: The patriarchal society limited opportunities for women to participate in decision-making. 
indigenous
indigenous
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to the original inhabitants of a particular region or country, who have distinct cultural, social, and historical ties to that land

domorodý,  původní

domorodý, původní

Ex: The government implemented policies to protect the rights and traditions of indigenous peoples living in remote areas. 
humanitarian
humanitarian
[Přídavné jméno]

showing concern for the well-being of people and acting to improve human welfare

humanitární, dobročinný

humanitární, dobročinný

Ex: She is known for her humanitarian work in disaster zones. 
cosmopolitan
cosmopolitan
[Přídavné jméno]

including a wide range of people with different nationalities and cultures

kosmopolitní

kosmopolitní

Ex: The city’s cosmopolitan atmosphere made it a melting pot of diverse cultures. 
utopian
utopian
[Přídavné jméno]

referring to a vision of an ideal society, where everything is flawless or nearly perfect

utopický, idealistický

utopický, idealistický

Ex: In his novel, Thomas More envisioned a utopian society based on principles of equality and common property. 
progressive
progressive
[Přídavné jméno]

advocating for social, political, or economic reform and improvement

pokrokový, progresivní

pokrokový, progresivní

Ex: The new mayor implemented progressive policies aimed at reducing inequality and improving public services. 
militant
militant
[Přídavné jméno]

displaying violent acts for the sake of a social or political aim

militantní, bojovný

militantní, bojovný

Ex: She was known for her militant stance on animal rights, often participating in protests and direct actions. 
suburban
suburban
[Přídavné jméno]

characteristic of or relating to a residential area outside a city or town

předměstský, na předměstí

předměstský, na předměstí

Ex: The suburban neighborhood was known for its quiet streets and spacious homes. 
to marginalize

to treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or of secondary or minor importance

marginalizovat, odstrkovat

marginalizovat, odstrkovat

Ex: Historically, indigenous communities have been marginalized and deprived of their land rights. 
to census
to census
[sloveso]

to systematically collect and record demographic data about a population

provést sčítání lidu, realizovat sčítání obyvatel

provést sčítání lidu, realizovat sčítání obyvatel

Ex: The government censuses the population every ten years to gather vital demographic information. 
to assimilate
to assimilate
[sloveso]

to integrate into a new environment, often by adopting its language, norms, values, and practices

asimilovat, integrovat

asimilovat, integrovat

Ex: Immigrants often face challenges as they try to assimilate into a new society while preserving their cultural identity. 
to rehabilitate

to help someone to restore to a healthy and independent state after a period of imprisonment, addiction, illness, etc.

rehabilitovat, obnovit

rehabilitovat, obnovit

Ex: The program aimed to rehabilitate individuals with substance abuse issues, providing support for a drug-free life. 
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