Humanidades SAT - Ciências Sociais

the policy of separating a group of people from the rest based on racial, sexual, or religious grounds and discriminating against them

segregação, isolamento

the practice of treating a person or different categories of people less fairly than others

discriminação

the state of belonging to a certain ethnic group

etnicidade, pertencimento étnico

a small group of people who differ in race, religion, etc. and are often mistreated by the society

minoria, grupo minoritário

the action of striving to bring about social or political reform, especially as a member of an organization with specific objectives

ativismo, militantismo

the capacity or power of an individual or entity to take action, make decisions, and influence or control their environment or circumstances

agência, capacidade

a large group of people who are related to each other

clã, família

a form of sociopolitical organization in which a centralized authority governs a community or a collection of communities

chefatura, liderança tribal

a cooperative or united group of individuals, entities, or elements working together for a common purpose or interest

coletivo, grupo

the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity

demográfico, grupo demográfico

the process of people moving from rural areas to urban areas, resulting in the growth of cities and the expansion of urban areas

urbanização, cidadania

a society that has developed its own culture and institutions in a particular period of time or place

civilização, sociedade

an organizational structure characterized by strict procedures, rules, and regulations designed to manage complex tasks or activities efficiently

burocracia

the process through which individuals within a society or group learn and internalize behavior patterns, norms, values, and customs through interactions, education, and social experiences

socialização, sociabilização

any of the basic freedoms or rights that protect individuals from unfair treatment and ensure equality under the law, regardless of race, gender, religion, disability, or other characteristics

direito civil, direito dos cidadãos

the situation or condition that is currently at hand

status quo, situação atual

the process of developing and expanding industries within a region or country, involving the increased production of goods through the use of advanced machinery, technology, and organized labor

industrialização, industrialização

people in the highest class of society who have a lot of power and wealth and usually high ranks and titles

aristocracia

kings and queens and any member of their families

a realeza, membros da realeza

a large, important city that serves as a significant economic, political, or cultural center for a region or country

metrópole, grande cidade

the basic physical structures and systems that support and enable the functioning of a society or organization, such as roads and bridges

infraestrutura, infraestruturas

the state of being valid, justifiable, or morally acceptable

legitimidade, validade

the understanding that others have thoughts, feelings, and perspectives that are different from one's own

teoria da mente, teoria mental

the deliberate and nonviolent refusal to obey certain laws, demands, or commands of a government or authority, typically as a form of protest

desobediência civil, resistência pacífica

the behavior or attitude that does not follow established norms, conventions, or expectations within a society or group

não conformidade, não conformação

a person who has been rejected or excluded from a social group or society, often due to their behavior, beliefs, or social status

marginalizado, fora da sociedade

a person who is forced to leave their own country because of war, natural disaster, etc.

refugiado, refugiada

a local administrative unit in certain countries, functioning as the smallest division of government

comuna

the outer areas or parts of a city or town

subúrbio, periferia

a draining and stressful lifestyle that consists of constantly competing with others for success, wealth, power, etc. and so leaving no room for rest and pleasure

corrida de ratos, vida estressante

an area with a church of its own that is under the care of a priest

paróquia, área religiosa

a system that divides the people of a society into different social classes based on their wealth, privilage, or profession

casta, sistema de castas

a level or rank in an organization, profession, or society, indicating a person's status or authority within that hierarchy

escala, nível

a person's social rank or position within a structured hierarchy or society

status social, posição social

marked by discrimination against or prejudice toward individuals or groups based on their social class

classista, discriminatório de classe

having a low social rank or position, often characterized by modesty

humilde, modesto

referring to factors or conditions that involve both social and economic aspects

socioeconômico, socio-econômico

relating to a social system where men hold primary power and authority over women and families

patriarcal, patriarcalista

relating to the original inhabitants of a particular region or country, who have distinct cultural, social, and historical ties to that land

indígena, nativo

involved in or related to helping people who are in need to improve their living conditions

humanitário, de ajuda humanitária

including a wide range of people with different nationalities and cultures

cosmopolita, multicultural

referring to a vision of an ideal society, where everything is flawless or nearly perfect

utópico

advocating for social, political, or economic reform and improvement

progressista

displaying violent acts for the sake of a social or political aim

militante, belicoso

characteristic of or relating to a residential area outside a city or town

suburbano, da periferia

to treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or of secondary or minor importance

marginalizar, desvalorizar

to systematically collect and record demographic data about a population

censar, realizar um censo

to integrate into a new environment, often by adopting its language, norms, values, and practices

assimilação, integrar

to help someone to restore to a healthy and independent state after a period of imprisonment, addiction, illness, etc.

rehabilitar, reintegrar