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Humaniora SAT - Samhällsvetenskap

Här kommer du att lära dig några engelska ord relaterade till samhällsvetenskap, såsom "minoritet", "patriarkalisk", "folkräkning", etc., som du behöver för att klara dina SATs.

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SAT Vocabulary for Humanities
segregation
[Substantiv]

the policy of separating a group of people from the rest based on racial, sexual, or religious grounds and discriminating against them

segregation

segregation

Ex: The festival showcases music, food, and art from various ethnicities around the world.Festivalen visar musik, mat och konst från olika etniciteter runt om i världen.
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discrimination
[Substantiv]

the practice of treating a person or different categories of people less fairly than others

diskriminering, segregation

diskriminering, segregation

Ex: She spoke out against discrimination after witnessing unfair treatment of her colleagues .Hon talade ut mot **diskriminering** efter att ha bevittnat orättvis behandling av sina kollegor.
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ethnicity
[Substantiv]

the state of belonging to a certain ethnic group

etnicitet

etnicitet

Ex: The festival showcases music , food , and art from various ethnicities around the world .Festivalen visar upp musik, mat och konst från olika **etniciteter** runt om i världen.
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minority
[Substantiv]

a small group of people who differ in race, religion, etc. and are often mistreated by the society

minoritet

minoritet

Ex: He is researching the history of minority communities in the area .Han forskar om historien om **minoritets**samhällen i området.
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activism
[Substantiv]

the action of striving to bring about social or political reform, especially as a member of an organization with specific objectives

aktivism, kamp

aktivism, kamp

Ex: She has been involved in activism since her teenage years , advocating for gender equality and women 's rights .Hon har varit engagerad i **aktivism** sedan tonåren och förespråkar jämställdhet och kvinnors rättigheter.
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agency
[Substantiv]

the capacity or power of an individual or entity to take action, make decisions, and influence or control their environment or circumstances

byrå, handlingskraft

byrå, handlingskraft

Ex: The CEO 's strong leadership provided the agency needed to steer the company through challenging times .VDns starka ledarskap gav den **agentur** som behövdes för att styra företaget genom utmanande tider.
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clan
[Substantiv]

a large group of people who are related to each other

klan, stor familj

klan, stor familj

Ex: The wedding was a grand event , attended by members of the clan from all over the country .Bröllopet var en stor evenemang, där medlemmar av **klanen** från hela landet deltog.
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chiefdom
[Substantiv]

a form of sociopolitical organization in which a centralized authority governs a community or a collection of communities

hövdingadöme, hövdingasystem

hövdingadöme, hövdingasystem

Ex: The chiefdom system can be seen as a precursor to more centralized and bureaucratic forms of government.**Hövdingadömet**-systemet kan ses som en föregångare till mer centraliserade och byråkratiska regeringsformer.
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collective
[Substantiv]

a cooperative or united group of individuals, entities, or elements working together for a common purpose or interest

kollektiv

kollektiv

Ex: The labor union acted as a collective to negotiate fair wages and working conditions on behalf of its members .Facket agerade som en **kollektiv** för att förhandla om rättvisa löner och arbetsvillkor på sina medlemmars vägnar.
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demographic
[Substantiv]

the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity

demografisk, demografiska egenskaper

demografisk, demografiska egenskaper

Ex: Companies often tailor their products to appeal to a specific demographic.Företag anpassar ofta sina produkter för att tilltala en specifik **demografisk** grupp.
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urbanization
[Substantiv]

the process of people moving from rural areas to urban areas, resulting in the growth of cities and the expansion of urban areas

urbanisering, stadsutveckling

urbanisering, stadsutveckling

Ex: The book discusses the history of urbanization.Boken diskuterar historien om **urbanisering**.
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civilization
[Substantiv]

a society that has developed its own culture and institutions in a particular period of time or place

civilisation, samhälle

civilisation, samhälle

Ex: The rise of civilization in Mesopotamia marked the beginning of recorded history .Uppkomsten av **civilisationen** i Mesopotamien markerade början på den nedtecknade historien.
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bureaucracy
[Substantiv]

an organizational structure characterized by strict procedures, rules, and regulations designed to manage complex tasks or activities efficiently

byråkrati, förvaltningsapparat

byråkrati, förvaltningsapparat

Ex: The university bureaucracy requires multiple approvals for any major administrative changes .Den universitets **byråkrati** kräver flera godkännanden för större administrativa förändringar.
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socialization
[Substantiv]

the process through which individuals within a society or group learn and internalize behavior patterns, norms, values, and customs through interactions, education, and social experiences

socialisering, social integration

socialisering, social integration

Ex: Online socialization through social media platforms influences how people communicate and form relationships in the digital age .Online **socialisering** genom sociala medieplattformar påverkar hur människor kommunicerar och formar relationer i den digitala tidsåldern.
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civil right
[Substantiv]

any of the basic freedoms or rights that protect individuals from unfair treatment and ensure equality under the law, regardless of race, gender, religion, disability, or other characteristics

medborgerlig rättighet, grundläggande frihet

medborgerlig rättighet, grundläggande frihet

Ex: The right to vote is an important civil right in many democracies .Rösträtten är en viktig **medborgerlig rättighet** i många demokratier.
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status quo
[Substantiv]

the situation or condition that is currently at hand

status quo, nuvarande läge

status quo, nuvarande läge

Ex: The company ’s policy aims to preserve the status quo in terms of employee benefits .Företagets policy syftar till att bevara **status quo** när det gäller anställdas förmåner.
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industrialization
[Substantiv]

the process of developing and expanding industries within a region or country, involving the increased production of goods through the use of advanced machinery, technology, and organized labor

industrialisering, industriell utveckling

industrialisering, industriell utveckling

Ex: Urbanization often accompanies industrialization, as people move to cities in search of employment in factories .**Industrialisering** åtföljs ofta av urbanisering, när människor flyttar till städer för att söka arbete i fabriker.
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aristocracy
[Substantiv]

people in the highest class of society who have a lot of power and wealth and usually high ranks and titles

aristokrati, adel

aristokrati, adel

Ex: The aristocracy opposed many social reforms that threatened their privileges .**Aristokratin** motsatte sig många sociala reformer som hotade deras privilegier.
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royalty
[Substantiv]

kings and queens and any member of their families

kunglig familj, adel

kunglig familj, adel

Ex: The film depicted the life of royalty, highlighting their lavish lifestyle and ceremonial duties .Filmen skildrade **kungafamiljen**s liv och framhöll deras luxuösa livsstil och ceremoniella plikter.
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metropolis
[Substantiv]

a large, important city that serves as a significant economic, political, or cultural center for a region or country

metropol, stor stad

metropol, stor stad

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infrastructure
[Substantiv]

the basic physical structures and systems that support and enable the functioning of a society or organization, such as roads and bridges

infrastruktur, infrastrukturer

infrastruktur, infrastrukturer

Ex: The earthquake damaged critical infrastructure, leaving thousands without electricity or clean water .Jordbävningen skadade kritisk **infrastruktur** och lämnade tusentals utan el eller rent vatten.
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legitimacy
[Substantiv]

the state of being valid, justifiable, or morally acceptable

legitimitet, giltighet

legitimitet, giltighet

Ex: International law provides a framework for determining the legitimacy of military interventions .Internationell lag ger en ram för att fastställa **legitimitet** av militära ingripanden.
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theory of mind
[Substantiv]

the understanding that others have thoughts, feelings, and perspectives that are different from one's own

teori om sinne, förståelse av sinne

teori om sinne, förståelse av sinne

Ex: Effective communication often relies on a well-developed theory of mind to anticipate and respond to others' thoughts and feelings.Effektiv kommunikation förlitar sig ofta på en välutvecklad **teori om sinnet** för att förutse och svara på andras tankar och känslor.
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civil disobedience
[Substantiv]

the deliberate and nonviolent refusal to obey certain laws, demands, or commands of a government or authority, typically as a form of protest

medborgerligt motstånd, passivt motstånd

medborgerligt motstånd, passivt motstånd

Ex: Participants in the protest engaged in acts of civil disobedience by blocking access to government buildings .Deltagarna i protesten deltog i handlingar av **civil olydnad** genom att blockera tillträdet till regeringsbyggnader.
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nonconformity
[Substantiv]

the behavior or attitude that does not follow established norms, conventions, or expectations within a society or group

icke-överensstämmelse

icke-överensstämmelse

Ex: Philosophers often explore themes of nonconformity in their critique of societal norms and values .Filosofer utforskar ofta teman av **icke-konformitet** i sin kritik av samhällets normer och värderingar.
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outcast
[Substantiv]

a person who has been rejected or excluded from a social group or society, often due to their behavior, beliefs, or social status

utstött, paria

utstött, paria

Ex: The outcast found solace in the company of other marginalized individuals .Den **utstötta** fann tröst i sällskapet av andra marginaliserade individer.
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refugee
[Substantiv]

a person who is forced to leave their own country because of war, natural disaster, etc.

flykting, fördriven

flykting, fördriven

Ex: The refugee crisis prompted discussions on humanitarian aid and global responsibility .**Flyktingkrisen** ledde till diskussioner om humanitärt bistånd och globalt ansvar.
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commune
[Substantiv]

a local administrative unit in certain countries, functioning as the smallest division of government

kommun

kommun

Ex: Residents of the commune voted in the local elections to choose their representatives on the council .Invånarna i **kommunen** röstade i de lokala valen för att välja sina representanter i rådet.
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outskirts
[Substantiv]

the outer areas or parts of a city or town

utkant, förort

utkant, förort

Ex: Commuting from the outskirts to the city center can be challenging during rush hour , as traffic congestion often slows down travel times significantly .Pendling från **utkanten** till stadens centrum kan vara utmanande under rusningstid, eftersom trafikstockningar ofta avsevärt förlänger restiden.
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rat race
[Substantiv]

a draining and stressful lifestyle that consists of constantly competing with others for success, wealth, power, etc. and so leaving no room for rest and pleasure

råttkapplöpning, stressigt konkurrensliv

råttkapplöpning, stressigt konkurrensliv

Ex: She has been stuck in the rat race for years , working long hours and sacrificing her personal life for her career .Hon har suttit fast i **råttkapplöpningen** i åratal, arbetat långa timmar och offrat sitt privatliv för sin karriär.
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parish
[Substantiv]

an area with a church of its own that is under the care of a priest

församling, kyrkogemenskap

församling, kyrkogemenskap

Ex: The parish celebrated its centennial anniversary with a special Mass and community picnic .**Församlingen** firade sitt hundraårsjubileum med en speciell mässa och en gemensam picknick.
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caste
[Substantiv]

a system that divides the people of a society into different social classes based on their wealth, privilage, or profession

kast, kastsystem

kast, kastsystem

Ex: Efforts to address caste-based discrimination require legislative measures, educational reforms, and social awareness campaigns to promote equality and inclusivity.Ansträngningar för att adressera diskriminering baserad på **kast** kräver lagstiftningsåtgärder, utbildningsreformer och sociala medvetenhetskampanjer för att främja jämlikhet och inkludering.
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echelon
[Substantiv]

a level or rank in an organization, profession, or society, indicating a person's status or authority within that hierarchy

nivå, rang

nivå, rang

Ex: Many young professionals aspire to climb the echelons of their respective fields to achieve greater recognition and success .Många unga yrkesverksamma strävar efter att klättra i **hierarkierna** inom sina respektive områden för att uppnå större erkännande och framgång.
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station
[Substantiv]

a person's social rank or position within a structured hierarchy or society

rang, social ställning

rang, social ställning

Ex: In the novel , the protagonist struggles to transcend his lowly station and achieve his dreams .I romanen kämpar protagonisten för att överträffa sin låga **ställning** och uppnå sina drömmar.
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classist
[adjektiv]

marked by discrimination against or prejudice toward individuals or groups based on their social class

klassistisk, diskriminerande baserat på social klass

klassistisk, diskriminerande baserat på social klass

Ex: Activists are working to raise awareness about classist discrimination and promote more inclusive policies.Aktivister arbetar för att öka medvetenheten om **klassistisk** diskriminering och främja mer inkluderande politik.
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humble
[adjektiv]

having a low social rank or position, often characterized by modesty

blygsam, ödmjuk

blygsam, ödmjuk

Ex: Growing up in a humble household taught her the value of hard work and perseverance .Att växa upp i ett **anspråkslöst** hushåll lärde henne värdet av hårt arbete och uthållighet.
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socioeconomic
[adjektiv]

referring to factors or conditions that involve both social and economic aspects

socioekonomisk, socialekonomisk

socioekonomisk, socialekonomisk

Ex: The nonprofit organization focuses on improving socioeconomic conditions in underserved communities .Den ideella organisationen fokuserar på att förbättra **socioekonomiska** förhållanden i underservade samhällen.
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patriarchal
[adjektiv]

relating to a social system where men hold primary power and authority over women and families

patriarkalisk, faderlig

patriarkalisk, faderlig

Ex: Patriarchal attitudes perpetuate gender stereotypes and inequalities in various aspects of life .**Patriarkala** attityder upprätthåller könsstereotyper och ojämlikheter i olika livsaspekter.
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indigenous
[adjektiv]

relating to the original inhabitants of a particular region or country, who have distinct cultural, social, and historical ties to that land

inhemsk,  urinfödd

inhemsk, urinfödd

Ex: Many indigenous languages are at risk of disappearing, prompting efforts to preserve and revitalize them.Många **inhemska** språk riskerar att försvinna, vilket uppmuntrar insatser för att bevara och återuppliva dem.
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humanitarian
[adjektiv]

involved in or related to helping people who are in need to improve their living conditions

humanitär

humanitär

Ex: Humanitarian initiatives focus on promoting human rights , alleviating poverty , and providing sustainable solutions to global challenges .**Humanitära** initiativ fokuserar på att främja mänskliga rättigheter, lindra fattigdom och tillhandahålla hållbara lösningar på globala utmaningar.
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cosmopolitan
[adjektiv]

including a wide range of people with different nationalities and cultures

kosmopolitisk

kosmopolitisk

Ex: The university’s cosmopolitan student body fostered an environment of global understanding.Universitetets **kosmopolitiska** studentkår främjade en miljö av global förståelse.
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utopian
[adjektiv]

referring to a vision of an ideal society, where everything is flawless or nearly perfect

utopisk, idealistisk

utopisk, idealistisk

Ex: Socialists proposed the creation of self-sufficient utopian communities where people lived and worked cooperatively .Socialister föreslog skapandet av självförsörjande **utopiska** samhällen där människor levde och arbetade samarbetsvilligt.
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progressive
[adjektiv]

advocating for social, political, or economic reform and improvement

progressiv, framstegsivrande

progressiv, framstegsivrande

Ex: The progressive movement gained momentum as more people demanded changes to outdated laws and systems .Den **progressiva** rörelsen fick fart allt eftersom fler människor krävde förändringar av föråldrade lagar och system.
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militant
[adjektiv]

displaying violent acts for the sake of a social or political aim

militant, stridbar

militant, stridbar

Ex: His militant rhetoric inflamed tensions among the community , leading to confrontations with opposing groups .Hans **militanta** retorik ökade spänningarna inom samhället, vilket ledde till konfrontationer med motståndargrupper.
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suburban
[adjektiv]

characteristic of or relating to a residential area outside a city or town

förortsmässig, utanför staden

förortsmässig, utanför staden

Ex: Suburban schools are known for their high-quality education programs and extracurricular activities .**Förortsskolor** är kända för sina högklassiga utbildningsprogram och fritidsaktiviteter.
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to treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or of secondary or minor importance

marginalisera, förbigå

marginalisera, förbigå

Ex: By marginalizing diverse perspectives , we limit our ability to address complex social issues effectively .Genom att **marginalisera** olika perspektiv begränsar vi vår förmåga att effektivt hantera komplexa sociala frågor.
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to census
[Verb]

to systematically collect and record demographic data about a population

företa en folkräkning, genomföra en census

företa en folkräkning, genomföra en census

Ex: By the time they completed censusing the region , they had gathered comprehensive data on its population dynamics .När de hade slutfört **inventeringen** av regionen hade de samlat omfattande data om dess befolkningsdynamik.
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to integrate into a new environment, often by adopting its language, norms, values, and practices

assimilera, integrera

assimilera, integrera

Ex: The tourist tried to assimilate into the local customs by learning basic greetings and dining etiquette .Turisten försökte **assimilera** sig till de lokala sedvänjorna genom att lära sig grundläggande hälsningar och bordsskick.
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to help someone to restore to a healthy and independent state after a period of imprisonment, addiction, illness, etc.

rehabilitera, återställa

rehabilitera, återställa

Ex: The program successfully rehabilitated many individuals who had struggled with substance abuse .Programmet **rehabiliterade** framgångsrikt många individer som hade kämpat med substansmissbruk.
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