Humanidades SAT - Ciencias Sociales

the policy of separating a group of people from the rest based on racial, sexual, or religious grounds and discriminating against them

segregación

the practice of treating a person or different categories of people less fairly than others

discriminación

the state of belonging to a certain ethnic group

etnia, etnicidad

a small group of people who differ in race, religion, etc. and are often mistreated by the society

minoría

the action of striving to bring about social or political reform, especially as a member of an organization with specific objectives

activismo

the capacity or power of an individual or entity to take action, make decisions, and influence or control their environment or circumstances

agencia, capacidad

a large group of people who are related to each other

clan

a form of sociopolitical organization in which a centralized authority governs a community or a collection of communities

jefatura, cacicazgo

a cooperative or united group of individuals, entities, or elements working together for a common purpose or interest

colectivo, colectividad

the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity

demográfico

the process of people moving from rural areas to urban areas, resulting in the growth of cities and the expansion of urban areas

urbanización, urbanismo

a society that has developed its own culture and institutions in a particular period of time or place

civilización

an organizational structure characterized by strict procedures, rules, and regulations designed to manage complex tasks or activities efficiently

burocracia

the process through which individuals within a society or group learn and internalize behavior patterns, norms, values, and customs through interactions, education, and social experiences

socialización, sociabilización

any of the basic freedoms or rights that protect individuals from unfair treatment and ensure equality under the law, regardless of race, gender, religion, disability, or other characteristics

derecho civil, derecho ciudadano

the situation or condition that is currently at hand

statu quo

the process of developing and expanding industries within a region or country, involving the increased production of goods through the use of advanced machinery, technology, and organized labor

industrialización, industrialización

people in the highest class of society who have a lot of power and wealth and usually high ranks and titles

aristocracia

kings and queens and any member of their families

familia real, realeza

a large, important city that serves as a significant economic, political, or cultural center for a region or country

metrópoli

the basic physical structures and systems that support and enable the functioning of a society or organization, such as roads and bridges

infraestructura

the state of being valid, justifiable, or morally acceptable

legitimidad, validez

the understanding that others have thoughts, feelings, and perspectives that are different from one's own

teoría de la mente, teoría mental

the deliberate and nonviolent refusal to obey certain laws, demands, or commands of a government or authority, typically as a form of protest

desobediencia civil, resistencia pacífica

the behavior or attitude that does not follow established norms, conventions, or expectations within a society or group

no conformidad, disconformidad

a person who has been rejected or excluded from a social group or society, often due to their behavior, beliefs, or social status

marginado, fuera de lugar

a person who is forced to leave their own country because of war, natural disaster, etc.

refugiado

a local administrative unit in certain countries, functioning as the smallest division of government

comuna

the outer areas or parts of a city or town

afueras, alrededores

a draining and stressful lifestyle that consists of constantly competing with others for success, wealth, power, etc. and so leaving no room for rest and pleasure

carrera de ratas, competencia desenfrenada

an area with a church of its own that is under the care of a priest

feligresía

a system that divides the people of a society into different social classes based on their wealth, privilage, or profession

casta

a level or rank in an organization, profession, or society, indicating a person's status or authority within that hierarchy

escalón, nivel

a person's social rank or position within a structured hierarchy or society

estatus social, posición social

marked by discrimination against or prejudice toward individuals or groups based on their social class

clasista, discriminatorio de clases sociales

having a low social rank or position, often characterized by modesty

humilde, modesto

referring to factors or conditions that involve both social and economic aspects

socioeconómico, socio-económico

relating to a social system where men hold primary power and authority over women and families

patriarcal, patriarcalista

relating to the original inhabitants of a particular region or country, who have distinct cultural, social, and historical ties to that land

indígena, nativo

involved in or related to helping people who are in need to improve their living conditions

humanitario

including a wide range of people with different nationalities and cultures

cosmopolita

referring to a vision of an ideal society, where everything is flawless or nearly perfect

utópico

advocating for social, political, or economic reform and improvement

progresista

displaying violent acts for the sake of a social or political aim

militante

characteristic of or relating to a residential area outside a city or town

suburbano

to treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or of secondary or minor importance

marginar

to systematically collect and record demographic data about a population

censar

to integrate into a new environment, often by adopting its language, norms, values, and practices

asimilarse, integrarse

to help someone to restore to a healthy and independent state after a period of imprisonment, addiction, illness, etc.

rehabilitar