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Humanidades SAT - Ciencias Sociales

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés relacionadas con las ciencias sociales, como "minoría", "patriarcal", "censo", etc., que necesitarás para aprobar tus SATs.

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SAT Vocabulary for Humanities
segregation
segregation
[Sustantivo]

a social system or practice that keeps minority groups separate from the majority, often through separate facilities or services

segregación

segregación

Ex: Segregation in housing contributed to unequal opportunities. 

La segregación en la vivienda contribuyó a oportunidades desiguales.

discrimination
discrimination
[Sustantivo]

the practice of treating a person or different categories of people less fairly than others

discriminación

discriminación

Ex: Efforts to reduce discrimination in the workplace include implementing diversity training programs. 

Los esfuerzos para reducir la discriminación en el lugar de trabajo incluyen la implementación de programas de capacitación en diversidad.

ethnicity
ethnicity
[Sustantivo]

the state of belonging to a certain ethnic group

etnia, etnicidad

etnia, etnicidad

Ex: The school's diversity program celebrates students of every ethnicity. 

El programa de diversidad de la escuela celebra a los estudiantes de cada etnia.

minority
minority
[Sustantivo]

a small group of people who differ in race, religion, etc. and are often mistreated by the society

minoría

minoría

Ex: The report highlighted the struggles of the minority in accessing resources. 

El informe destacó las dificultades de la minoría para acceder a los recursos.

activism
activism
[Sustantivo]

the action of striving to bring about social or political reform, especially as a member of an organization with specific objectives

activismo

activismo

Ex: Social media has become a powerful tool for activism, allowing campaigns to reach a global audience. 

Las redes sociales se han convertido en una herramienta poderosa para el activismo, permitiendo que las campañas lleguen a una audiencia global.

agency
agency
[Sustantivo]

the capacity or power of an individual or entity to take action, make decisions, and influence or control their environment or circumstances

agencia, capacidad de actuar

agencia, capacidad de actuar

Ex: Social movements aim to empower individuals to assert their agency and advocate for change. 

Los movimientos sociales tienen como objetivo empoderar a los individuos para que afirmen su agencia y aboguen por el cambio.

clan
clan
[Sustantivo]

a large group of people who are related to each other

clan

clan

Ex: Each summer, the clan traveled to their ancestral homeland to reconnect with their roots and heritage. 

Cada verano, el clan viajaba a su tierra ancestral para reconectarse con sus raíces y herencia.

chiefdom
chiefdom
[Sustantivo]

a form of sociopolitical organization in which a centralized authority governs a community or a collection of communities

cacicazgo, jefatura

cacicazgo, jefatura

Ex: The chiefdom relied on the chief's ability to mediate disputes, distribute land, and coordinate communal projects. 

El cacicazgo dependía de la habilidad del cacique para mediar en disputas, distribuir tierras y coordinar proyectos comunales.

collective
collective
[Sustantivo]

a cooperative or united group of individuals, entities, or elements working together for a common purpose or interest

colectivo

colectivo

Ex: The cooperative is a business model where a collective of farmers jointly owns and manages the agricultural production. 

La cooperativa es un modelo de negocio donde un colectivo de agricultores posee y gestiona conjuntamente la producción agrícola.

demographic
demographic
[Sustantivo]

the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity

demográfico

demográfico

Ex: The television show has gained popularity among the 18-34 age demographic. 

El programa de televisión ha ganado popularidad entre el demográfico de 18 a 34 años.

urbanization
urbanization
[Sustantivo]

the process of people moving from rural areas to urban areas, resulting in the growth of cities and the expansion of urban areas

urbanización, poblamiento urbano

urbanización, poblamiento urbano

Ex: Urbanization creates both opportunities and challenges. 

Urbanización crea tanto oportunidades como desafíos.

civilization
civilization
[Sustantivo]

a society that has developed its own culture and institutions in a particular period of time or place

civilización

civilización

Ex: Many aspects of Greek civilization influence contemporary philosophy and art. 

Muchos aspectos de la civilización griega influyen en la filosofía y el arte contemporáneos.

bureaucracy
bureaucracy
[Sustantivo]

an organizational structure characterized by strict procedures, rules, and regulations designed to manage complex tasks or activities efficiently

burocracia, aparato administrativo

burocracia, aparato administrativo

Ex: The school's bureaucracy ensures that all faculty members adhere to standardized teaching guidelines. 

La burocracia de la escuela asegura que todos los miembros de la facultad sigan pautas de enseñanza estandarizadas.

socialization
socialization
[Sustantivo]

the process through which individuals within a society or group learn and internalize behavior patterns, norms, values, and customs through interactions, education, and social experiences

socialización, integración social

socialización, integración social

Ex: Workplace socialization helps new employees integrate into the organizational culture and understand company policies. 

La socialización en el lugar de trabajo ayuda a los nuevos empleados a integrarse en la cultura organizacional y a entender las políticas de la empresa.

civil right
civil right
[Sustantivo]

any of the basic freedoms or rights that protect individuals from unfair treatment and ensure equality under the law, regardless of race, gender, religion, disability, or other characteristics

derecho civil, derecho fundamental

derecho civil, derecho fundamental

Ex: The concept of civil rights is fundamental to democracy, ensuring that all individuals have equal rights and protections under the law. 

El concepto de derechos civiles es fundamental para la democracia, asegurando que todos los individuos tengan igualdad de derechos y protecciones bajo la ley.

status quo
status quo
[Sustantivo]

the situation or condition that is currently at hand

statu quo

statu quo

Ex: They challenged the status quo with their innovative approach to the problem. 

Desafiaron el statu quo con su enfoque innovador del problema.

industrialization
industrialization
[Sustantivo]

the process of developing and expanding industries within a region or country, involving the increased production of goods through the use of advanced machinery, technology, and organized labor

industrialización, desarrollo industrial

industrialización, desarrollo industrial

Ex: Industrialization in the 20th century saw the widespread adoption of assembly line production techniques. 

La industrialización en el siglo XX vio la adopción generalizada de técnicas de producción en línea de montaje.

aristocracy
aristocracy
[Sustantivo]

people in the highest class of society who have a lot of power and wealth and usually high ranks and titles

aristocracia

aristocracia

Ex: The aristocracy often lived in grand estates and manors. 

La aristocracia solía vivir en grandes fincas y mansiones.

royalty
royalty
[Sustantivo]

kings and queens and any member of their families

familia real, realeza

familia real, realeza

Ex: The charity gala was graced by members of royalty, who helped raise significant funds for the cause. 

La gala benéfica fue honrada por miembros de la realeza, que ayudaron a recaudar fondos importantes para la causa.

metropolis
metropolis
[Sustantivo]

a large, important city that serves as a significant economic, political, or cultural center for a region or country

metrópoli

metrópoli

infrastructure
infrastructure
[Sustantivo]

the physical and organizational assets, such as roads, bridges, utilities, and public services, that support economic activity and daily life

infraestructura

infraestructura

Ex: The city's infrastructure includes highways, water systems, and public transit. 

La infraestructura de la ciudad incluye carreteras, sistemas de agua y transporte público.

legitimacy
legitimacy
[Sustantivo]

the state of being valid, justifiable, or morally acceptable

legitimidad, validez

legitimidad, validez

Ex: Ensuring the legitimacy of scientific research is essential for advancing knowledge in the field. 

Garantizar la legitimidad de la investigación científica es esencial para avanzar en el conocimiento en el campo.

theory of mind
theory of mind
[Sustantivo]

the understanding that others have thoughts, feelings, and perspectives that are different from one's own

teoría de la mente, comprensión de la mente

teoría de la mente, comprensión de la mente

Ex: Theory of mind allows individuals to predict and interpret the actions of others based on their inferred mental states. 

La teoría de la mente permite a los individuos predecir e interpretar las acciones de los demás basándose en sus estados mentales inferidos.

civil disobedience
civil disobedience
[Sustantivo]

the deliberate and nonviolent refusal to obey certain laws, demands, or commands of a government or authority, typically as a form of protest

desobediencia civil, resistencia pasiva

desobediencia civil, resistencia pasiva

Ex: Environmental activists engaged in civil disobedience to protest against government policies that endanger wildlife habitats. 

Los activistas ambientales participaron en desobediencia civil para protestar contra las políticas gubernamentales que ponen en peligro los hábitats de la vida silvestre.

nonconformity
nonconformity
[Sustantivo]

the behavior or attitude that does not follow established norms, conventions, or expectations within a society or group

inconformidad

inconformidad

Ex: Nonconformity can lead to social ostracism but also fosters innovation and creativity. 

La no conformidad puede llevar al ostracismo social pero también fomenta la innovación y la creatividad.

outcast
outcast
[Sustantivo]

a person who has been rejected or excluded from a social group or society, often due to their behavior, beliefs, or social status

paria, marginado

paria, marginado

Ex: The novel portrays the struggles of an outcast trying to find acceptance in a new environment. 

La novela retrata las luchas de un marginado que intenta encontrar aceptación en un nuevo entorno.

refugee
refugee
[Sustantivo]

a person who is forced to leave their own country because of war, natural disaster, etc.

refugiado

refugiado

Ex: The international community mobilized to support refugees displaced by the conflict. 

La comunidad internacional se movilizó para apoyar a los refugiados desplazados por el conflicto.

commune
commune
[Sustantivo]

a local administrative unit in certain countries, functioning as the smallest division of government

comuna

comuna

Ex: The budget for the commune was approved after a thorough review by the local council. 

El presupuesto de la comuna fue aprobado después de una revisión exhaustiva por parte del consejo local.

outskirts
outskirts
[Sustantivo]

the outer areas or parts of a city or town

afueras, alrededores

afueras, alrededores

Ex: As the city expanded, the outskirts became increasingly populated, leading to the development of new schools and parks to accommodate the growing community. 

A medida que la ciudad se expandía, las afueras se volvían cada vez más pobladas, lo que llevó al desarrollo de nuevas escuelas y parques para acomodar a la comunidad en crecimiento.

rat race
rat race
[Sustantivo]

a draining and stressful lifestyle that consists of constantly competing with others for success, wealth, power, etc. and so leaving no room for rest and pleasure

carrera agotadora, competencia sin descanso

carrera agotadora, competencia sin descanso

Ex: After years in the rat race, he finally chose a quieter life. 

Después de años en la carrera agotadora, por fin eligió una vida más tranquila.

parish
parish
[Sustantivo]

an area with a church of its own that is under the care of a priest

feligresía

feligresía

Ex: The parish hosted a festival to celebrate its patron saint, drawing attendees from neighboring communities. 

La parroquia organizó un festival para celebrar a su santo patrón, atrayendo a asistentes de las comunidades vecinas.

caste
caste
[Sustantivo]

a system that divides the people of a society into different social classes based on their wealth, privilage, or profession

casta

casta

Ex: The abolition of the caste system has been a long-standing goal of social reform movements in countries where it is prevalent. 

La abolición del sistema de castas ha sido un objetivo de larga data de los movimientos de reforma social en los países donde prevalece.

echelon
echelon
[Sustantivo]

a level or rank in an organization, profession, or society, indicating a person's status or authority within that hierarchy

escalón, nivel

escalón, nivel

Ex: Her influential family belonged to the upper echelon of social circles in the city. 

Su familia influyente pertenecía al escalón superior de los círculos sociales de la ciudad.

station
station
[Sustantivo]

a person's social rank or position within a structured hierarchy or society

rango, posición social

rango, posición social

Ex: The military officer's station required him to uphold the highest standards of discipline and conduct. 

El puesto del oficial militar requería que mantuviera los más altos estándares de disciplina y conducta.

classist
classist
[Adjetivo]

marked by discrimination against or prejudice toward individuals or groups based on their social class

clasista, discriminatorio por clase social

clasista, discriminatorio por clase social

Ex: He faced backlash for making classist comments that stereotyped individuals based on their occupations. 

Enfrentó reacciones negativas por hacer comentarios clasistas que estereotipaban a las personas según sus ocupaciones.

humble
humble
[Adjetivo]

having a low social rank or position, often characterized by modesty

humilde, modesto

humilde, modesto

Ex: His humble station in life did not deter him from pursuing higher education and better opportunities. 

Su humilde posición en la vida no lo disuadió de buscar una educación superior y mejores oportunidades.

socioeconomic
socioeconomic
[Adjetivo]

referring to factors or conditions that involve both social and economic aspects

socioeconómico, socio-económico

socioeconómico, socio-económico

Ex: Government policies aim to address socioeconomic inequalities and promote social mobility. 

Las políticas gubernamentales tienen como objetivo abordar las desigualdades socioeconómicas y promover la movilidad social.

patriarchal
patriarchal
[Adjetivo]

relating to a social system where men hold primary power and authority over women and families

patriarcal, patriarcalista

patriarcal, patriarcalista

Ex: The patriarchal norms of the time restricted women's access to education and employment. 

Las normas patriarcales de la época restringían el acceso de las mujeres a la educación y al empleo.

indigenous
indigenous
[Adjetivo]

relating to the original inhabitants of a particular region or country, who have distinct cultural, social, and historical ties to that land

indígena,  autóctono

indígena, autóctono

Ex: The festival celebrated the rich cultural heritage of the indigenous people, featuring traditional music, dance, and crafts. 

El festival celebró el rico patrimonio cultural de los pueblos indígenas, con música, danza y artesanías tradicionales.

humanitarian
humanitarian
[Adjetivo]

showing concern for the well-being of people and acting to improve human welfare

humanitario

humanitario

Ex: His efforts reflect a strong humanitarian spirit. 

Sus esfuerzos reflejan un fuerte espíritu humanitario.

cosmopolitan
cosmopolitan
[Adjetivo]

including a wide range of people with different nationalities and cultures

cosmopolita

cosmopolita

Ex: The hotel offered a cosmopolitan experience with guests from around the world. 

El hotel ofrecía una experiencia cosmopolita con huéspedes de todo el mundo.

utopian
utopian
[Adjetivo]

referring to a vision of an ideal society, where everything is flawless or nearly perfect

utópico

utópico

Ex: Socialists proposed the creation of self-sufficient utopian communities where people lived and worked cooperatively. 

Los socialistas propusieron la creación de comunidades utópicas autosuficientes donde las personas vivían y trabajaban cooperativamente.

progressive
progressive
[Adjetivo]

advocating for social, political, or economic reform and improvement

progresista, avanzado

progresista, avanzado

Ex: The company adopted a progressive approach to environmental sustainability, setting ambitious goals to reduce its carbon footprint. 

La empresa adoptó un enfoque progresista hacia la sostenibilidad ambiental, estableciendo metas ambiciosas para reducir su huella de carbono.

militant
militant
[Adjetivo]

displaying violent acts for the sake of a social or political aim

militante

militante

Ex: The militant faction was responsible for the kidnapping of several diplomats in the region. 

La facción militante fue responsable del secuestro de varios diplomáticos en la región.

suburban
suburban
[Adjetivo]

characteristic of or relating to a residential area outside a city or town

suburbano

suburbano

Ex: Suburban areas often have lower crime rates compared to urban centers. 
to marginalize

to treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or of secondary or minor importance

marginar

marginar

Ex: The company's policies inadvertently marginalized employees with disabilities, making it difficult for them to fully participate in the workplace. 

Las políticas de la empresa marginaron inadvertidamente a los empleados con discapacidades, dificultando su participación plena en el lugar de trabajo.

to census
to census
[Verbo]

to systematically collect and record demographic data about a population

censar

censar

Ex: Next month, the organization will census the community to assess healthcare needs. 

El próximo mes, la organización realizará un censo en la comunidad para evaluar las necesidades de atención médica.

to assimilate

to integrate into a new environment, often by adopting its language, norms, values, and practices

asimilarse, integrarse

asimilarse, integrarse

Ex: The children of expatriates easily assimilated into the local school system, learning the language fluently within a year. 

Los hijos de los expatriados se asimilaron fácilmente al sistema escolar local, aprendiendo el idioma con fluidez en un año.

to rehabilitate

to help someone to restore to a healthy and independent state after a period of imprisonment, addiction, illness, etc.

rehabilitar

rehabilitar

Ex: Physical therapists worked tirelessly to rehabilitate the patient's injured leg, focusing on restoring mobility and strength. 

Los fisioterapeutas trabajaron incansablemente para rehabilitar la pierna lesionada del paciente, centrándose en restaurar la movilidad y la fuerza.

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